Ingongoma ukunyibilika nedayimani, iimpawu zomzimba kunye nesakhiwo wokumbiwa

Yintoni eyona ngongoma yokunyibilika kunye lokubila diamond? Ingaba kukho izimbiwa ukwimeko etyhidiweyo kwindawo yendalo? Ukufumana iimpendulo zale mibuzo neminye ukwenza oku kwi komphuta kungeniso.

Indlela idayimani akhiwa kule izibilini zomhlaba?

Ngokutsho izazinzulu, le iidayimani ezengathi zibe khona ngexesha lokusekwa ingundoqo umhlaba ngenxa yokuvela daka otyhidiweyo koxinzelelo olukhulu. Ngu izabelo kumphezulu bobuncwane uqweqwe inkqubela ngeenkqubo gasification emaweni enzulwini. Isiphumo yaba ekuthiwa-imibhobho diamond ukuba zenza imigodi kumhlaba onamatye zezimbiwa enkulu.

iimpawu ezibonakalayo

Ngaphambi sifumanisa ukuba yintoni na indawo yokunyibilika diamond, makhe siqwalasele iimpawu sakhi:

1. Diamonds babe nomlinganiselo eliphezulu yobulukhuni zonke izibonelelo ezikhoyo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, akukho nanye impahla akakwazi kutshabalalisa isakhiwo diamond okanye ukukrwela umphezulu wayo. Yena ngokwakhe ezifaka nayiphi na into ebonakalayo.
2. Diamond yinto yokwambathisa kakhulu kakuhle. Kuyinto iyamelana asidi kunye nezinye iindawo imichiza entsimbini.
3. Diamond unawo conductivity iphezulu wobushushu phakathi zonke iidipozithi okuqinileyo. Le amatshe lingaba kangangoko kuyimfuneko ukuze bambelelani esandleni sakhe. Kulo mzekelo, iya ukuzitshintsha iqondo lobushushu.
4. Diamond has a chweba ekhethekileyo. reyi Ukukhanya kuwo nawuphi na umthombo njengoko udlula izimbiwa kwenza kube kuqaqamba kunye ocwengileyo yonke imibala yomnyama.

isakhiwo

Eneneni, idayimani ubunjwe athom carbon. Noko ke, ngamnye kubo ibekwe embindini a tetrahedron - emacala ezikhandelwa na iinqwelomoya ezine nxantathu. Oku inika bond sinamandla kakhulu-athom. Oku kucacisa ukuba kutheni yobulukhuni liphezulu nendawo diamond yokunyibilika umxhelo.

Condition diamond kwawe

Ngo-2010, ngethuba amalinge yemvelo, University of yelebhu California ibekwe eBerkeley, ukuqinisekisa inqanaba isiphumo ubushushu phezu diamond, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ukunyibilika. Izazinzulu sele uqinisekile ukuba umbandela iguqulelwa luhlobo ulwelo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo akwenzeki, kungakhathaliseki ukuba inqanaba ubushushu. Ekufezekiseni le njongo anokugaxeleka kuphela diamond kuphela ubushushu kodwa uxinzelelo liphezulu. Yandisa xi kuyimfuneko ukuba yezimbiwa akukho atshintshelwe mifanekiso. Ngoko ke, lo diamond lujika lube uhlobo yolwelo kunzima kakhulu ukuqhuba.

Yintoni eyona ngongoma yokunyibilika nokubilisa ingongoma nekalikedo?

Ngokutsho data efunyenwe ngexesha isifundo kweepropati eziphathekayo, elibala yayo ukunyibilika phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu lwenzeka kwi ukufudumeza ukuya 850-1000 ° ^C ukuya diamond abilayo zilungiswe ngokwenza ukususela lobushushu 1800 ukuya ku-2000 ^o C vacuo. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, pholisa le izimbiwa uguqulwe mifanekiso.

Ukuseka oko lobushushu enyibilikisa diamond, izazinzulu baye baqhuba iimvavanyo usebenzisa ngezimbiwa encinane yendalo inani ogama abaninzi kwaba 1/10 eqatywe. Ukupheka izinto imiphezulu kwenzeka phantsi kweempembelelo ngumtshangatshangiso kukothuka eyenziwe ngenxa pulses laser elifutshane.

Misela ukuba yeyiphi Isalathisi diamond ilingana lobushushu yokunyibilika i (degree), abaphengululi bakwazi ukwenza uxinzelelo apho amaxesha abazizigidi ezingama-40 ngaphezu xi eqhelekileyo kumgangatho wolwandle komoya. Ngokwehlisa uxinzelelo ukuba umoya-11 yezigidi ebila izimbiwa phezu waqalisa ukwenza amasuntswana ethi musa ukuthi xumbu kwayo, kodwa iflowuthi emanzini ice.

Apho idayimani zifumaneka kolu qweqwe lomhlaba?

Ezi minerals zinqabile kakhulu. Noko ke, iidipozithi yorhwebo kungoku nje kwenziwa phantse onke amazwekazi zomhlaba. Le ngaphandle kuphela Antarctica.

De kwaba yinkulungwane ye-19 kwakukholelwa ukuba izimbiwa eqalisiweyo neetyuwa emlanjeni. Kamva ke wavula diamond kwisisu yokuqala kumhlaba entabeni onamatye kubunzulu amakhulu eziliqela leemitha.

Ngokutsho izazinzulu, kwiminyaka ethile yeedayimane kwiminyaka 100 million ukuya-2.5 billion. Abaphandi baye bakwazi ukufumana phezu izimbiwa "omdala" imvelaphi komhlaba. Eyokugqibela wangena kule planethi, kunye namatye awe esibhakabhakeni, leyo kwasekwa kwisithuba phambi lokusekwa kwenkqubo elanga.

Ingaba kukho idayimani uhlobo etyhidiweyo phantsi kweemeko zendalo?

Melting point ledayimani liphezulu kakhulu kangangokuba kwixa izimbiwa ihlabathi singabi kwimboniselo ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa kuthekani na izinto emajukujukwini? Ngokutsho izazinzulu, ubushushu ukunyibilika kwedayimani nangoku igcinwe ngaphakathi iiplanethi abanjengoNeptune kunye Uranus. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba abokugqibela-10% ye-carbon kwakhiwa, nto leyo isiseko noshowo oku bezimbiwa.

Ngokutsho izazinzulu ezininzi, kwi iiplanethi zikhankanywe ngasentla amalwandle lonke idayimani kwifomu abilayo engamanzi. Le hypothesis ichaza isizathu sokuba lo mhlaba otsalayo kweenkwenkwezi benza njalo engaqhelekanga. Eneneni, kwabanye kunye IUranus yiplanethi kuphela kwinkqubo elanga, apho izibonda zejografi Awunayo indawo olucacileyo ngokoqobo ndilibalule emajukujukwini. Ukuze uqinisekise hypothesis umdla ukwazi ukuveza kuphela iimeko ezifanayo on Earth nokuhlola. Noko ke, isisombululo esinjalo ngalo mzuzu lubiza kakhulu kwaye kuthatha ixesha. Ngoko ngoxa akukho ndlela ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuqinisekisa ukuba iiplanethi ezikufuphi kufuneka iilwandle lonke idayimani ifomu otyhidiweyo.