Inkqubo yezopolitiko kwi-USSR kwiminyaka 30 kulawulo yileyo

inkqubo yezopolitiko Loozwilakhe kwi-USSR kwasekwa ngeenxa isafobe enye kwiminyaka 30 - Iosifa Stalina. Kwathi ke, inyathelo ngenyathelo watshabalalisa kukhuphiswano kunye ezingamkelekanga, beqalisa kweli lizwe umbuso igunya olomeleleyo lobuqu.

IMVELAPHI ntsuku

Kwiminyaka yokuqala karhulumente Soviet indima ephambili kule zisiya uLenin. Wakwazi ukulawula alwayo ezahlukeneyo babe kubunkokheli yamaBolshevik ngeendleko ukuthembeka yayo. Ezichaphazelekayo imiqathango War Civil. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuqala zehlabathi, kwacaca ukuba eSoviet Union akaba azisekho kwimo yobukomanisi imfazwe, ekhatshwa zocindezelo engenasiphelo.

Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, uLenin waye umqalisi-nkqubo New Economic. Wandinceda ekwakheni ilizwe emva kweminyaka ugxothwa imfazwe. Ngowe-1924, uLenin wafa, kwaye eSoviet Union kwakhona kuba ngunongendi.

Umzabalazo ngaphakathi ubunkokheli beqela

inkqubo yezopolitiko, umbusi kwi-USSR kwiminyaka 30 kuye ezinjalo nje kuba iiBolsheviks akazange adale isixhobo esemthethweni ukuze idlulise ngamandla. Emva kokufa uLenin kaThixo , umzabalazo ubukhulu abalandeli bakhe. Lo mzobo kakhulu akuyo beqela yaba onamava revolution Leon noTrotsky. Waba mnye wabaququzeleli ngqo Oktobha Revolution kunye mkhosi ebalulekileyo ngexesha leMfazwe Civil.

Noko ke, noTrotsky waphulukana umzabalazo zekhompyutha Iosifu Stalinu, apho ekuqaleni akwabakho namnye umbambayo nzulu. UNobhala Jikelele weZizwe eziManyeneyo (ngoko isithuba ilinganiswe) yena kujongwane nayo yonke kontanga yayo. NoTrotsky waba ekuthinjweni, bade baye kwelinye ilizwe, yena wayengekho ekhuselekileyo. Wayeza kubulawa kakhulu kamva - eMexico ngo-1940.

ESoviet Union, Stalin waqalisa ukuqokelela Kumboniso wokuqala iinkqubo zopolitiko, eyabonisa uya kuba yintoni na ingcinezelo kwi USSR kwi 30. Waye emva enetyala waza wadubula iiBolsheviks umnxeba kuqala. Baba ababephila uLenin kaThixo, baba iminyaka emininzi elubhacweni ndawonye kukumkani waya eRussia uloliwe odumileyo itywiniwe. Baye shot: Kamenev, Zinoviev, Bukharin - bonke abo baba inkcaso okanye ibango kwindawo yokuqala kweli iqela.

imbonakalo yoyilo

Ekuveleni nenani-20-30 zaqaliswa kwiminyaka emihlanu. Izicwangciso kuphuhliso loqoqosho yiSoviet yayityhefwe kulawulwa iziko likarhulumente. Stalin wayefuna ukwenza ushishino oluqhelekileyo olutsha enzima zomkhosi kweli lizwe. Ukwakhiwa izityalo umbane kunye nezinye izibonelelo zale mihla.

Kwangaxeshanye, Stalin walungelelanisa neenkqubo zopolitiko eliqela enxulumene ebizwa ngokuba nezinambuzane, t. E. Abantu, ingakumbi imveliso zibuko. Yaba iphulo zocindezelo ngezigaba "koongqondo zobugcisa", ingakumbi iinjineli. Wegqitha inkqubo ye-Industrial Party, ityala ngoko Shakhty njalo njalo. D.

cannibalization

inkqubo mveliso waba buhlungu kakhulu. Yena wayehamba kwamaJuda kule lali. Inkqubo yezopolitiko kule USSR kwiminyaka 30 watshabalalisa abalimi ezincinane nempumelelo, ukusebenza kwi sites zabo ngalo wondla.

Endaweni yoko, urhulumente wadala emizaneni yaso. Iifama nemibutho baqalisa ukuba kuqokelelwe onke abalimi. Awonelisekanga zinganakwa kwaye athunyelwa kwiinkampu ekusetyenzwa. Le lali waba ukulahlwa rhoqo kwi "kulaks", bazimela izityalo zabo yabasemagunyeni. ESiberia Kazakhstan bagxothwa iintsapho yonke.

i Gulag

Phantsi Stalin, zonke iinkampu amabanjwa ziye zadityaniswa i Gulag. Le abenzi bemilingo kule nkqubo kwenzeke ekupheleni 30. Kwafika ke inqaku kwezopolitiko edumileyo 58, apho amakhulu amawaka abantu kuwa angangena enkampini. repressions kwiingqungquthela USSR kwi 30 zazibalulekile, okokuqala, ukuba oyike labemi, kwaye okwesibini, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi urhulumente enganeno.

Enyanisweni, amabanjwa baba ngamakhoboka. iimeko zabo yokusebenza ngokungenabuntu. Ngoncedo amabanjwa waqonda iiprojekthi ezininzi yokwakha mveliso. kwenkululeko okhethekileyo eendaba eSoviet wenza izibane ukudala Belomorkanal. Isiphumo loo mveliso ngokukhawuleza iye yaba ukuvela ezintsonkothileyo elinamandla-mveliso kunye mpofu emaphandleni. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwezolimo kunye indlala enkulu.

Ukududuzelisa Great

Stalin kaThixo ulawulo yileyo kwi-USSR kwiminyaka 30 kwakufuneka zocindezelo rhoqo. Ngeli xesha izixhobo iqela indawo ngokupheleleyo amagunya karhulumente. Inkqubo yezopolitiko kwi-USSR kwiminyaka engama-30 iye abunjwe malunga ngezigqibo CPSU (b).

Ngowe-1934 eLeningrad, ukuba wabulawa ngomnye abakhokheli bamaqela Sergei laseKirov. Stalin wasebenzisa ukufa kwakhe njengesizathu ukucoca ngaphakathi CPSU (b). Siqale kwabulawa abakuluhlu kunye ifayile ngamaKomanisi. Inkqubo yezopolitiko ye-USSR kwiminyaka engama-30, ngamafutshane, iye yakhokelela ekubeni imizimba zokhuseleko karhulumente abantu shot phantsi komyalelo phezulu, ekwabonisa inani elifunekayo ukufa izivakalisi ukuze lokungcatsha.

iinkqubo ezifanayo kwenzeka emkhosini. Kulo adutyulwa iinkokeli, imfazwe yamakhaya kwaye babe namava obungcali enkulu. Ngowe-1937-1938. kwabantu wathabatha omnye, kunye uphawu lwesizwe. I Gulag wathumela imiqobo, baseLatvia, amaGrike, eFinland, IsiTshayina kunye namanye amaqela eentlanga.

angaphandle

Njengoko ngaphambili, le nkqubo angaphandle eSoviet Union iminyaka engama-30 ukubeka ngokwayo injongo ephambili - ukwenza revolution yehlabathi. Emva kweMfazwe Civil, esi sicwangciso wawa xa baphulukana imfazwe Poland. Isiqingatha wokuqala wobukumkani bakhe, Stalin wezangaphandle lusekelwe Comintern - Commonwealth amaqela yobukomanisi ehlabathini lonke.

Kunye nokuza ukuba amandla Hitler eJamani, umgaqo angaphandle yiSoviet Union ngeminyaka-30 ibe ingqalelo rapprochement kunye Reich. It ndomelezeka intsebenziswano kwezoqoqosho kunye nabo ozakuzo. Ngowe-1939 waba utyikitye Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. Ngokutsho kolu xwebhu, urhulumente wavuma ukuba ukuhlasela omnye komnye, wabahlula eMpuma Yurophu yaba iinkalo impembelelo.

Kungekudala imfazwe eSoviet-Finnish. Ngexesha i-Red mkhosi ikhanda ingcinezelo lweenkokheli zalo. Umzekelo, owokuqala ezintlanu bamashali Soviet ezintathu shot. luyindlela ebulalayo yalo mgaqo-nkqubo kwakhona uthe kwiminyaka emibini kamva, xa Enkulu Patriotic War.