Ngaba uyazi ukuba ngubani owasungula umatshini ukudibanisa?

wokubala umatshini - umatshini ukudibanisa - kukho sele iminyaka engaphezu kwama-300 eyadlulayo. Ezi ntsuku izibalo ezintsonkothileyo izibalo lula ukuyenza, ngokucinezela cwaka izitshixo wokubala efanayo okanye ikhompyutha, mobile phone, phone smart (apho isicelo ahambelanayo efakwe). Kwaye ekuqaleni kwale nkqubo ixesha elide waza wadala eninzi ngokuphazamiseka. Ukanti imbonakalo yesixhobo yokuqala ukubala ngaloo ukonga kwiindleko yomsebenzi ngengqondo, nizihlabe inkqubela engaphezulu. Ngoko ke 'umdla ukwazi ukuba ngubani owavela umatshini zokubala yaye xa kwenzeke.

Ukuvela umatshini yokuyifaka

Ngubani owavela umatshini wokuqala yokubala? Loo ndoda yaba nzulu waseJamani Gotfrid Leybnits. I-sobulumko enkulu isixhobo kwezezibalo yakhiwe eyenziwa inqwelo eshukumayo kunye isondo asinde. Olu qambo Leibniz wazisa ihlabathi ngo-1673.

iingcamango bakhe phezu injineli French Tomas Ksave. Wasungula umatshini nokubala ngeenjongo ukwenza imisebenzi ezine arithmetic. Ukubeka amanani kuthwalwa intshukumo ye axis yevili sengathi, ngoxa kwiindawo zokubeka kubonakala inani elungile, kunye nganye wasondela mqengqeleki ingqamana amanani nenombolo eyodwa. Isixhobo luvuliwe yi kokutshintsha ngomphini, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, wawuxhokonxa amagiya, elintsiba zolukileyo, ukunika isiphumo oyifunayo. Yaba umatshini wokuqala esongeza, olwaqalwa kwimveliso mass.

device ukuguqulwa

EliNgesi George. Edmondzon ke lowo phezulu kunye umatshini ukongeza (buyo wenza isenzo isangqa) weza sisixhobo setyhula. Le yunithi wadalwa 1889 ngokusekelwe Tomasa Ksave izixhobo. Nakuba kunjalo, utshintsho oluthile kuyilo izixhobo hayi kwenzekile, yaye oku izixhobo kwaba ngumsina kwaye ebaphazamisayo, ngathi neyezingaphambili. Isono efanayo kunye nokulingana ezilandelayo ifowuni.

Yinto eyaziwayo ceba umatshini ngokudibanisa kunye ikhiphedi yamanani. Loo American F. Baldwin. Ngowe-1911, yena basondeza isixhobo ukubala, apho uluhlu lwamanani eziveliswa yokumpompoza nkqo equlathe abalinganiswa 9.

Production eYurophu uye ezinjalo izixhobo ukubala injineli Carl Lindstrom, ukudala ubukhulu compact ngakumbi noyilo lokuqala device. Kukho sele uphumile izileyi amalungiselelo nkqo kunokuba tyaba, yaye, ngaphezu koko, ezi zinto zicwangciswe ngokomfuziselo azizikweri.

Ngomhla kummandla eSoviet Union, umatshini yokuqala ukudibanisa imisiwe kwi-mveliso "Schetmash" kubo. Dzerzhinsky eMoscow ngo-1935. It was ngokuba ukudibanisa umatshini iqhosha (CSM). imveliso yazo kwaqhubeka de ekuqaleni iMfazwe Yehlabathi Okwesibini, waza waqhubeka ngohlobo imifuziselo abatsha oomatshini semi-oluzenzekelayo kuphela ngo-1961.

Kwiminyaka efanayo zadalwa kunye nezixhobo automatic, ezifana "TIM-2" kunye "Zoemtron-214", asetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo, ngoxa umsebenzi waphawulwa ngengxolo enkulu nokuhlukunyezwa, kodwa isixhobo kuphela ngelo xesha, nto leyo eza kunceda ukumelana nge isixa esikhulu izibalo.

Ngoku, ezi zixhobo zithathwa lwepaki, ingabonwa kuphela intendana museum okanye ingqokelela bathanda yamandulo zobugcisa. Siye sahlolisisa umbuzo owasungula umatshini yokubala, kwakunye nokunika ulwazi malunga nophuhliso lobugcisa yembali le yunithi, kwaye siyathemba ukuba le ngcaciso iya kuba luncedo kubafundi.