Nkqubo Foreign Ivana Groznogo

4 Ivan wathabatha kwisihloko ngukumkani eneminyaka engama elinesixhenxe (1547, Januwari). Esi siganeko sibaluleke kakhulu kwezopolitiko. Ekubeni amandla kaRhulumente Moscow komelezwa ukuze umlawuli igunya naziphi na iinzame ngaphandle abantu abavela kwiintsapho yeengcungcu kufutshane encotsheni karhulumente. Le isihloko umiselwe amagunya sahluko belingana kunye abalawuli aseByzantium khans ye-mkhosi.

Ekupheleni 1540s le tsar Ivan nokusingqongileyo 4 akhiwa ngayo abantu abasondeleyo. Le isangqa ngokuba "rada ezikhethiweyo". Basekhaya angaphandle Politika Ivana imisebenzi 4 urhulumente zazijoliswe ikakhulu ekuqiniseni nokumanyana, ukwandiswa, kwakunye nokukhusela imida yelizwe.

Eyona njongo iphambili kwicala wasezantsi ukuthintela ayehlasela iCrimea nangezinto. Ukuze wenze oku, sakhiwa Tula umgca wokhuselo (umgca ukuzithethelela). Ngo-1559 iphulo yenziwa eCrimea, nto leyo ukusilela iRashiya. Noko ke, ngo-1572, ehlotyeni, i Tartars ikwazile ukuba ayeke. Prince Vorotynsky ikwazile ukutshabalalisa umkhosi yabantu iCrimea.

nkqubo Foreign Ivana Groznogo kwicala lasempuma eliphawulwe impumelelo enkulu kangangoko. Ngenxa yoko, iihambo ukuya phezulu 1550s eRashiya wajoyina amagunya ezimbini ezinkulu Tatar, emva kokuwa hlokondiba: Khanate Kazan boyiswa ngo-1552, kwaye Astrakhan Khanate - ngo-1556 Ngenxa yoko, imida Muscovite karhulumente yandile ukuya kwimida Asia. Xa 1580s yokuqala Russia sekudlule kule mida: Cossack umkhosi ukuya Ermak ndiziphethe hambo eSiberia. Ngenxa yeli phulo woyiswa Siberian Khan Kuchum, nelizwe lakhe olubekwe eRashiya. Ukususela ngoko waqalisa uphuhliso lomhlaba eSiberia.

nkqubo Foreign Ivana Groznogo watshintsha ulwalathiso emva nokufunyanwa yemihlaba kwingingqi iVolga. Ngoku ke umdla karhulumente kwaye zimelwe yi kumazwe yasentshona. Injongo kokuqhambuka Livonian War yaba koyisa zifunyanwayo ukuya kuLwandle lweBaltic. Ekuqaleni kwemfazwe, amathamsanqa yaba kwicala Russia. Order Livonian ngo-1561 ekugqibeleni yaphela. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iinzuzo eentloko ezaxhobela Russian bemphikisa izilangazelelo eSweden, Denmark kunye Poland. La mazwe uluphumelele kwintsimi Order eyaphukileyo. Ngenxa yoko, iRashiya iye kwanyanzeleka ukujongana engabhalwanga mnye kodwa amagunya ezintathu ezinkulu. Ngoko ke, kule minyaka 1563-64 ngamatutu Ivan 4 ubunzima uthotho yeentsilelo.

Ngelo xesha, esoyika ukomelezwa ka impangele, Lithuania kunye Poland bemanyene Rzeczpospolita.

Russia lahluleka kwi Livonian War. i ukuxolelana esayinwe 1582. Ngokutsho kuye phakathi iPoland neRashiya, kumda yangaphambili. Kunyaka olandelayo, uxolo yenziwe Sweden. Ngoko ke, lo mgaqo-nkqubo angaphandle Ivana Groznogo kwicala lasentshona akukho kukhokelele ezinqwenelekayo imida izandiso. Ngaphezu koko, eRashiya wanyanzeleka lokuncamela kwintsimi (Koporje, Yam, Ivangorod).

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo angaphandle Ivana Groznogo akuphelelanga inyathelo emkhosini. Russia ukususela kwinkulungwane ye-16, iqala ukomeleza emi yayo ehlabathini, ukuze babe kunye eDenmark, nemizi Italian, uBukhosi waseJamani. In Russia emva Indiya kunye Iran weza.

Ivan 4 likubona kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhliseni ubudlelane neBritani. Ukususela 1555 kweli lizwe waqalisa ukwenza "impangele Company," nto leyo unelungelo lokushishina eRashiya ngaphandle ekuhlawuleni imisebenzi. trade kwenziwe ngokusebenzisa iNgelosi, wakhiweyo ethekwini for ngeendibano zokuthengisa kunye yaseBritani, ivulekileyo zonke Russian North ukuze zorhwebo.

Ngenxa yoko, iziphumo ze-nkqubo yangaphandle Ivana Groznogo ubonakala nje kuphela ukwandiswa ummandla amandla, kodwa ukwakha ubuhlobo kunye namazwe ahlukeneyo eziphambili zehlabathi.