Skobelev lesikhumbuzo e Moscow, umbhali kweprojekthi, umhla zokwakha kunye nezizathu ukudilizwa. Skobelev General

Kukhona neze umntu angaqhelekanga kunye nabanye Jikelele uMikhail Skobelev. Wathabatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi ku Turkmenistan kunye nommandla Transcaspian, kuba athe wawongwa Order of St. George IV. Phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe, zaye zathathwa Lovcen, Pleven, intamo, wavula indlela eya Istanbul, wakhulula Bulgaria kwidyokhwe Turkish. umphathi onesiphiwo aphelelwe impi izakhono yomkhosi kunye nesicwangciso Skobeleva kube kuthathwa ukuba alingane Suvorov.

Igalelo lakhe kuphuhliso yoBukhosi Russian nzima ukuze zazi. Yena ngokwenene iqhawe lesizwe kunye ozithandayo, inkokeli omkhulu wamajoni zephephandaba, ukuba indlela obhityileyo yomkhosi kunye ngokubhekiselele namadoda akhe. Ikuxelela ntoni into yokuba emva kokufa kabuhlungu abalimi ngokubanzi oziikhilomitha amabini bamthwala ebhokisini bakhe ngezandla zabo kwilifa usapho Skobelevo. Ngexesha yakhe emfutshane, Jikelele Skobelev waphumelela amadabi amaninzi ukuze ezilungileyo looBawo, kuba athe immortalized ngendlela lesikhumbuzo zokubhiyizela uMdyarho kwi Tverskaya, leyo, ngelishwa, wayengekho ukuya kuma ixesha elide.

Fundraising ukuba isikhumbuzo

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala ilitye lesikhumbuzo sisikhumbuzo Jikelele Skobelev baqala ukuthetha 1907. Nangona kunjalo, xa ukulahlwa mzi akazange abe iimali eziyimfuneko ukuze kwakhiwe yayo. Ngenxa yoko, kwagqitywa ekubeni azakhele Skobelev eMoscow for kumayeza intsomi - ngeminikelo yokuzithandela abemi. Ngenxa imvume soMhlekazi leKomiti Skobelev waqalisa ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa ingxowa ngo-1908. Jikelele Skobelev, okanye "White jikelele" - ngoko ubuntu bakhe wabizwa ngabantu ukholo ethile iyunifomu yakhe ezimhlophe - Umzekelo inkalipho nobuthandazwe. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba iminikelo zokuqala isantya ayinamsebenzi kwiminyaka emibini-mali ukuze kwakhiwe lesikhumbuzo, kukho sele ngaphezulu kwama-60 amawaka engange abo.

YoKhuphiswano ibe projekthi igqwesileyo

De May 25, 1910 kwabanjwa ukhuphiswano elikhulu-abasakhasayo ukukhetha projekthi igqwesileyo. It abangama-27 abakroli. Le labagwebi ibe abayili ezintandathu kunye namajoni ezisithoba ababelandela wenkqu umphathi kunye maxesha lweziganeko. IKhomishoni, kwagqitywa ekubeni ukumisa ilitye lesikhumbuzo zokubhiyizela eyenzelwe nguPetros Alexandrovich Samonova. Ophumelele yaba colonel Lieutenant ngomnyaka ebekelwe, noziqulathe-wafundisa nomkroli. Nakuba kunjalo, ukuba umsebenzi wakhe 'Ngokuba ukumkani Homeland "iphumelele indawo yokuqala kukhuphiswano, ngokutsho labagwebi. Xa zonke iiprojekthi sele kwambatha kuboniswa obala, ukhetho lwe amagunya sele ambiguously zifikelelwe abahlali baloo mzi.

Ngaloo ndlela, abameli oluphezulu, amagcisa nabasebenzi art baye babonisa ukuba lesikhumbuzo - engahlawulwayo Ekse ngokupheleleyo kunye neelwimi ububi yaye Samonova otyholwa zokuveza, esithi umfanekiso odumileyo wathatyathwa njengesiseko kwingcamango Vasily Vereshchagin "Skobelev kwi Shipka". Kodwa abantu abaqhelekileyo izizathu lesikhumbuzo abangayithandiyo. Agasti 10, 1910 ka-27 iinketho ecetywayo iprojekthi Samonova kuphela eyakhethwayo yaza ekugqibeleni yavunywa ukwakha ngommiselo loMlawuli Nicholas II.

ekwenziweni

Yimibono le lesikhumbuzo, kwakunye yonke imisebenzi yobhedu, igranite isiseko baphathiswa ukuya eSt Petersburg sisityalo sobhedu A. Moran, ingakumbi, EP Gakeru. PA Samonov esebenza iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngeveki, yonke imihla, bedlula njengoko abahlukene lemveliso Foundries. Umsebenzi ekuvelisweni Skobelev lesikhumbuzo e Moscow, umbhali we projekthi yagqitywa ngoMatshi 21, 1912. Ngeli xesha, i nomkroli likwazile ukwenza ihashe kunye nomkhweli walo, amajoni 14, uBharnabhas-imikrolo 11 obonisa sokuthimba loo ngqwayi, kunye 4 isibane. Njengoko ngokukhawuleza wasebenza mveliso. Iirekhodi zembali achaza lesikhumbuzo ukuze beemitha 7 ukuphakama nezinobunzima leeponti 450.

Juni 5, 1911 isiseko kwabekwa ikamva lesikhumbuzo, indawo apho kukho koMlawuli Nicholas II, ngubani njengoko iye kwakhona ibe impikiswano. Isiseko kungekabekwa Tverskaya Square, nangona iinketho yokuhlala ukunikela kwi Theatre, Lubyanka Square Lubyanskiy park. Metropolitan Vladimir iphethwe umngcelele Cross yaququzelelwa ngesi sihlandlo, wanika ukunyuka ukubeka isiseko, ngokobuqu efakwe ilitye yokuqala isiseko.

Ukuvulwa lesikhumbuzo Skobelev e Moscow, 1912

Juni 24, 1912 iqulethe ngokuyintloko lobungangamsha. Kuye kwabanjwa kumsitho yokuvulwa lesikhumbuzo ukuze General Skobelev. Yayikumgama ngaphaya kwisitrato ukusuka iRhuluneli Jikelele Tverskaya Square. Yaba kule meko ulinike ndawo Skobelevskaya.

E Moscow, ngebenyuswe bemka kwangokuya kwakusasa sasidibana amagosa aphezulu isixeko lizwe, abanegama kwezenkcubeko zonke ngamabelana hero-ngqwayi. Ngelo ukuvulwa kwakhona weza Skobeleva udade kunye nabatshana bakhe. Lo mbhiyozo lwenzeka emva umngcelele nomthandazo nkonzo.

Le lesikhumbuzo ngokukhawuleza yaba yindawo owuthandayo abahlali neendwendwe. Ecwangciswe ngayo ngeenxa zonke irallie kunye neentlanganiso, kwaye emva kokuba izithethi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi Yokuqala wavakalisa iintetho yobuzwe.

incazelo

Bronze ukubunjwa Skobelev lesikhumbuzo eMoscow yaba umfanekiso-imitha amane mkhweli-hashe ukuba inkxaso ezimbini phezu kwamanqwanqwa a lenyengane ukukhanya-izimvi imilenze sekugqibeleni ihashe.

On ngapha nangapha Jikelele Skobelev kwakukho amaqela amabini amajoni abanyanisekileyo. Kwicala lasekhohlo umkhweli eziboniswe amajoni ekhusela iflegi edabini Central Asia. Kwicala lasekunene ukuba immortalized yi amajoni abo balwa umthetheli-lokukhululwa nokuxubana ngexesha lemfazwe Russian-Turkish. 11 imikrolo lokubiyela imiboniso e okuxhaphaza amadabi ngokubanzi kufuneka iintaba eluhlaza, Plevny phantsi Khiva Isiphango Geok Tepe kunye nezinye idabi ubalulekileyo. Kwicala ngasemva lesikhumbuzo yabekwa Skobeleva ndlelantle ayiselayo amajoni akhe ngexesha kwemfazwe Plevna.

Izizathu ukudilizwa

Oktobha uphakamo abaxhobileyo ngowe-1917 ngokupheleleyo itshintshe imbali, izinto eziphambili kunye yaba ephendula umbuzo malunga kutheni lesikhumbuzo yadilika Skobelev eMoscow. Endaweni yookumkani weza kabukhali yobukomanisi, nto leyo ekugqibeleni ibange kunye nentshukumo UHlaziyo onke amashishini lonke eRashiya.

Matshi 12, 1918 ikomkhulu wafudukela ngokusesikweni ukusuka Petrograd eMoscow. Xa imfuneko kakade kwaye izindlu ezingcono izicwangciso ukuhambisa eyinkunzi abakhonzi malunga 100 amawaka oluntu kunye neentsapho zabo. Yokuvele kwema ke umbuzo ofisi nokubekwa. Ngexesha iziganeko yasekwindla yesicelo yatshatyalaliswa ngokuyimfuneko yaye ngelo xesha iyalungiswa. Ngoko ke kwaye kwagqitywa ukubeka City Council eMoscow endlwini yangaphambili irhuluneli-jikelele, yaye ngqo phambi apho lesikhumbuzo wamiswa "White General".

Ngokwesiseko ukuyilwa urhulumente omtsha noHlaziyo Aprili 12, 1918 yamkela umyalelo "Ngomhla ukususwa ezikhumbuzo sakhiwe imbeko ookumkani kunye nabakhonzi zabo." Ngokwendalo, lesikhumbuzo ukuya iqhawe iyunifomu emhlophe, ebekwe phambi ezintlwini eziphezulu, yaqukwa kuluhlu lwe sikhangelene olucwangcisiweyo ezikhumbuzo olawulo tsarist kunye Skobelevskaya Square eMoscow igama ngoko nangoko eSoviet.

Ukususwa lesikhumbuzo

May 1, 1918 zonke iindawo, kuquka BAS-imikrolo kunye zibani onakaliswa banqunqwa, safudukela kwintendelezo Moscow Soviet, uze emva koko zithunyelwa isinyibilikise. Lo msebenzi wenziwa imiyalelo lobuqu uLenin eyenziwe "Goujon", ngoku - ". Hammer and irhengqa" Kwinqwanqwa lenyengane Finnish abazange ukunika nasonasiphi na isiphumo. Ixesha lokuqala kokuba isetyenziswe njengendawo waka yesithethi. Emva koko, ngobusuku September 11, komzamo yenziwa ukuqhushumba kwinqwanqwa, baza ngenxa isakhiwo olungaphambili City Council eMoscow kunye ihotele "Dresden". Kwezi nyanga kwinqwanqwa liqhuma iindawo, yaza yatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo dubulo wesihlanu. Ngexesha elifutshane kwindawo enye kwakhiwa entsha - tshe ezingoonxantathu loMgaqo-siseko wokuqala USSR. Yaye ngo-1954 waba indawo ilitye Yuriyu Dolgorukomu, ezifana kuyilo lesikhumbuzo Skobelev.

Ukukhunjulwa hero

Nempikiswano kuluntu Russian emkhosini-imbali ngo-2014 ilitye lesikhumbuzo Mihailu Skobelevu kwakhona ibekwe eMoscow. Ngeli xesha phambi the Academy of the General Staff omkhosi. umphathi luli uhleli ehasheni, njengakwimihla yakudala, kodwa ngoku phezu imitha ezisibhozo Nyengane kwamanqwanqwa. Njengoko ngaphambili, kwakungayi kuba kwenzeke ngaphandle ngeminikelo lolwakhiwo lesikhumbuzo. uyilo Project kunye nokuveliswa inxaxheba nomkroli Alexander Rukavishnikov.