Maria Cantemir: engobomi, usapho. uthando yokugqibela uPeter Omkhulu

Ntombi Maria Moldovan Prince Cantemir - yintandane entsha Peter I. romance yabo yaqala sele ebomini emva umlawuli wokuqala Russian. Kwaba nzima oliqhophololo ebhotwe, umtshato Catherine I. Peter uMariya zimithiswe kukumkani, kodwa umntwana wazalelwa kungekudala wafa. Senkosikazi wasinda nguzwilakhe iminyaka engama-32.

usapho

Maria Cantemir wazalwa ngo-1700 usapho kwenene Moldavian Dmitriya Konstantinovicha Kantemira. Childhood echithe e Istanbul, apho utata wakhe, engahlali esiphezulu. Ngowe-1711 nguDmitry umlawuli wayifungela Russian Tsar. Peter I baqala iphulo mfula, efuna ukomeleza kuLwandle Olumnyama buthathaka umbusi Turkish, ingumbuso kabani phambi Cantemir. Kumadabi ayiphumelelanga. UPetros kwafuneka ukuba utyikitye isivumelwano soxolo ezingentle, yaye defector yakhe aseMoldova ukuba bahlale eRashiya (uPetros 'nengqiqo yaye ubuchule yeBhunga ").

Ukulandela umzekelo kayise Maria Cantemir, kunye iingcambu isiRomania, wafumana imfundo Greek. Wayesazi Latin kunye neelwimi Italian, ngeenkwenkwezi, imathematika esisiseko, ubuciko, intanda kunye nembali. Ukufunda iincwadi yaMandulo zamaGrike amandulo kuye kuvulelwa kuyo. Yena wayelithanda lokuzoba kunye nomculo.

Ukuqhubeka eRussia

Ngowe-1711, Maria Cantemir intsapho yakowabo yafudukela eKharkov, yaye eMoscow ngo-1713. Ukongeza, uyise Wanikwa emafeni amakhulu Sevsk, kunye counties Kursk. Indawo njengendawo yokuhlala usapho osisigxina yaba elalini kufuphi eMoscow enegama olubalaseleyo emnyama. Yayikumgama endleleni leyo eyakhokelela kwikomkhulu omtsha St. Petersburg. Ngaphambili ngeyabo ilifa Prince Vasily Golitsyn - into oyithandayo okweqanda Nozipho.

Kantemir UMariya Dmitrievna sifakwe kwindlu yamaplanga, apho ukwakhiwa isimbo endala Russian. Floor, kunye izidanga, nophahla, sahlukile kakhulu ukusuka izakhiwo yemveli bomntwana. UMariya ukuba ukufumana umhlaba ngokutsha. Russian waqala ukubafundisa ukuba ukufunda nokubhala umbhali ezaziwayo-kakuhle kwaye umguquleli Ivan Ilyinsky. wabonakala uthando lokufunda uMariya Bulelani unina UCassandra esinesiphiwo lukhulu iimpawu ezintle. Yaba yena ngubani onoxanduva imfundo yabantwana ngaloo maxesha xa oonyana uyise nako ukukwenza. UMaria iye yaba udade kunye nabazalwana abane Smaragd: Matthew Constantine, Sergey-Antiyokwe (bona bodwa malunga imozulu).

utitshala Istanbul

Omnye utitshala eziphembelele bayahlelwa mfazi lokugqibela Petra Velikogo, Anastasius wabonakala Kondoidi. Le ndoda umbingeleli yamaGrike eziyelelene ubomi bakhe kunye nentsapho Cantemirs emva kwexesha xa ehlala e Istanbul. Xa ikomkhulu Turkish ye tsar Russian, njengoko kulindelekile, kuye network hlola ngononophelo conspiratorial. Anastasios Kondoidi lithathe indawo kwindawo ebalulekileyo phakathi Moscow arhente mfihlakalo. ulwazi lwakhe wacanda ngonozakuzaku Petra Tolstogo. Ngenxa Count-onamandla onke Kantemir UMariya Dmitrievna uya kulifeza ubudlelwane sele kwikomkhulu.

Yona Kondoidi, nguye lowo waqalisa yewadi yakhe inkcubeko Italian (umbingeleli wachitha ixesha elininzi kwi Apennine peninsula). Intlola Anastasia iye yabangela urhano e Istanbul, kwaye kwafuneka ukuba niyibaleke Ottoman. Yena yahlanganiswa Cantemir emva kokufika kwabo eRashiya, yaye ebudaleni yi igama Athanasius waba indela.

Ubomi eMoscow

Sekunjalo unina kakhulu oselula Maria Cantemir UCassandra wafa ngowe-1713 eneminyaka engama-32. Exile umthwalo kuye, yaye zovavanyo ezinxulumene ne etyhalela nezothuso le aye ayenza yahexa impilo-ethe. Abantwana bahlala kwenkathalo uyise. Wabanika bonke ixesha, ide ebelisiya Cantemirs e Petersburg. Isizathu yakhe ukuhlangabezana nguDmitry Konstantinovich, noPetros.

Ngowe-1717 kwafika ukumkani e Moscow, apho wahlala iinyanga 2.5. Yaba enye maxesha kakhulu anzima kubomi nguzwilakhe. Ngomhla olwandulela umda wabaleka ngunyana wakhe Alex. Ke kaloku umthetheli wazama ukubuyela Count labo kwilizwe Tolstoy, yaye uPetros a mood esibi eMoscow. Ekuqaleni kuka-1718, zilandelwa kukulahlwa ngokusesikweni itrone Alexei. Umcimbi nokungalali ilungelo kwetrone kwenzeka Cathedral le vekeleke xona. Ke uPetros nguDmitry Kantemir waqala ukunxibelelana ngaphezulu kakhulu kunangaphambili. umlawuli Ababesakuba aseMoldova baqalisa ukuya rhoqo ukumkani. Ngelishwa, ndaba intwana yabo incoko ngexesha kwaye iye yaqhubeka iyimfihlelo.

Nolwazi ukumkani

Kuba okokuqala Maria Cantemir wabona uPetros I ngowe-1711 ngexesha lephulo mfula, xa yena nomfazi wakhe UCatherine watyelela ikomkhulu aseMoldova Iasi. ukwazana Personal ezigcinwe ngeemitha-1717 endlwini ipoma kayise. 1 Petros, ukujongana nemicimbi neentsapho zabo (abuyele Tsarevich Alexei wafela entolongweni), waza wohlukana abaninzi kwamagosa wakhe, lowo orhanelwa ngokuba imbuka. Ke kaloku ukumkani Ndiswele abantu abatsha. Le nto ichaza ucelomngeni lwakhe Dmitriya Kantemira e St. Petersburg.

Ngokuqwalasela indlela umthetheli Moldavian kwaba kancane ukuba ukuhamba, akazange afune ukuhamba eMoscow. Sekunjalo, yena Babengenakuwakhanyela ukumkani yoyikekayo. Kamsinya nje waseka ikomkhulu wathabatha naye kunye nabantwana, kuquka uMariya. Petersburg yamkele iindwendwe nanto eMoscow malunga amaGrike akumgangatho ophezulu. nyaka-57 ubudala olinene wamthanda entle Anastasiyu Trubetskuyu lakomkhulu, lowo watshata kungekudala. Emva olu jiko esingalindelekanga Princess Maria Cantemir kunyanzeleka ukuba ndiye kubulisa ngamandla yangaphambili lobomi ezivaliweyo.

Kwikomkhulu,

Petersburg aphezulu imikhuba ukukhanya ezinobomi ukumkani. 1 Petros nako ukumelana ngamadoda eMoscow, waza wenza eyinkunzi yokuhlala entsha amasiko Koloni. UMariya, owazalelwa Moldova, imiyalelo anjalo ezingaqhelekanga. Uthi emathidala wawuyeka ukusoloko ilokhwe oriental unxibe iingubo yaseYurophu njengefashoni in Petersburg.

NguDmitry Kantemir kunye nomfazi wakhe nentombi omdala waba lundwendwe rhoqo kwimibhiyozo kakumkani. UPetros wayemthanda ukuba balungiselele iindibano, skating nemidaniso. Zininzi baba iiholide ebusika 1721-1722 gg., Yeza emva uloyiso Russian phezu Sweden eMntla-War. Phambi uPetros kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo, waye rhoqo endleleni okanye emkhosini. Wayephila kwishedyuli kakubi yaye nje ukusebenza kulo ilizwe labo. Ngoku iveki imibhiyozo nanto. Ukufumanisa ukuba apotheosis of eyathatha iintsuku eziliqela azenza kuhlekwe. Maria Cantemir noPetros kuqala idibene izihlandlo eziliqela kulo mthendeleko uphelayo. Ukongeza, bebonana ngenxa yomsebenzi odibeneyo ukumkani Prince nguDmitry.

sultana

Kunokuba Balunxibelela omnye komnye Maria Cantemir noPetros? Okokuqala Moldovan Princess Wabufunda kakhulu, kwaye ingakumbi imilinganiselo abafazi Russian eziqhelekileyo adumileyo elo xesha. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba uPetros sele erudition ebanzi ukwazi. Ebekuthanda inzululwazi rhoqo iyimiba into entsha. Ukongeza, uMariya eyahlukileyo kumakhosikazi ehlabathini yokuba kwakukho iindwendwe ezininzi, ingakumbi ZesiGrike kuyo. Ngomhla ingaphandle amantombazana yaziwa phantse nto. portraits yayo yomlando zaye beqabe kokufa kwaye kwi bomhla iinkcukacha zale ncwadi.

Intombazana ngokukhawuleza analiphulaphula -ngenxa uPetros. Ngelo xesha, uyise Maria Cantemir wakhe ukuba akhuphe intombazana otshatileyo. izandla zakhe wabuza Prince Ivan Dolgoruky. NguDmitry K. wamnika imvume yakhe, kodwa UMaria, kakade waba nokulalana kuKhesare, wala iqeqesha. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inkosi ihlala emtshatweni. Yena waba umfazi - elizayo uKumkanikazi Catherine I. Akuzange kube nje umfazi soMhlekazi. UCatherine wahlala umhlobo ixesha elide nguzwilakhe. Nomkakhe bahamba naye kumaphulo zomkhosi kwaye ayikho ntloni yemicimbi kawonke. Faka kwakungelulanga.

ukukhulelwa

Ngowe-1722 nguDmitry Kantemir wabhala ileta eneenkcukacha ukumkanikazi, apho achaza, babengenalo nofifi malunga intombi nguzwilakhe. Noko ke, biographers kunye mbali bayavumelana ngokoluvo, ukuba umthetheli wayelele. Umlamli phakathi kwakhe uCatherine Count efanayo uPyotr Tolstoy, eyaziwa ngokuba ngamayelenqe yayo. Owayesakuba mlawuli yebhongo wayenethemba lokuba ekugqibeleni the lover uMlawuli Petra Velikogo uya kuba ngumfazi wakhe, Cantemir Romanovs kwaye sibumbane kumtshato dynastic.

Izicwangciso nguDmitry Konstantinovich kwesu, xa kwafunyaniswa ukuba uMariya ukhulelwe. Okwangoku, uPetros uyadinwa yobomi eluntwini kwaye ibekwe mayelana ukuhlela iphulo ePersi. Ukuya ngasempuma, kwaqengqeleka yena nentombi yakhe nguDmitry njengoko isuti. Cantemir kwakufuneka ukumkani ukwenza isibheno ulwimi Turkish kubemi kwimimandla nomda wasePersi.

ukunikezelwa aluphumelelanga

Hambo yaqala ePersi ukusuka Astrakhan ngoJulayi 1722. Peter kwiinyanga ezimbalwa wanamathela kwimfazwe entsha. Nangona yayingekho, uMariya, wahlala e Astrakhan, wazala. Wavuma ukuba lo mfana, kodwa umntwana yajika ngaphambi kwexesha ngokukhawuleza wafa. Emva kokufa umntwana nezicwangciso Dmitriya Kantemira umtshato uPetros intombi yakhe crumbled. Ngaphezu koko, ngexesha phulo bamaPersi Prince ugula kakhulu. Waye kwaoko tabes (ukusuka sifo yafa udade Mary Smaragd).

Cantemir ixesha elide akazange nabuganga ashiye Astrakhan. Okokugqibela, bazinzisa indlela kakhulu ebusika. Xa yokuqala intsapho uceba ukuya eMoscow, kodwa endleleni ijikwe ibe Estate mihla Dmitrovka Orel. Kukho Dmitriyu Konstantinovichu waba nangakumbi. kayise kaMariya wafa ngoSeptemba 1, 1723.

ukufa kaPetros

Princess Maria Cantemir, ogama engobomi ngumzekelo wendlela umnikazi abakhi, wafumana ilifa lakhe, kodwa eneneni olahlwe eyadini. Kwesi sikhundla, wayenza kwimicimbi yosapho. Le ntombazana Anibashiyanga abazalwana udade abane abancinane ezincinane kakhulu ukusuka kumtshato wesibini kayise.

Le meko kakhulu ekwindla ka-1724. UCatherine Baqala nokulalana camera-ngodaba Villim Mons. Kule nkalo, oko kwazeka kuwo ukumkani. Peter I Kwakubuhlungu unomsindo. Wabatshabalalisa Mons, kodwa zange ukujongana kunye nomfazi wam, nto leyo kudala ngaphambi kokuba isithsaba waza wenza yindlalifa yakhe kwetrone. Noko ke, satshatyalaliswa ulwalamano lwabo. Ke uPetros waphinda wenza abahlobo kunye Maria Cantemir. Nangona kunjalo, yaye eli xesha nonxibelelwano ozithandayo ukumkani yaye akazange umiselwe ukuba uqhubeke. Ekuqaleni kuka-1725 nguzwilakhe waye wagula waze wafa nge-8 Februwari.

sebekhulile

Ekubeni ukufa Peter Maria kwaba lihlazo. Noko ke, loo nto yathatha ixesha elifutshane. Xa wafa ngo-1727 uCatherine I, inkosazana kwakhona abe nani courtly. Ekuqaleni wayehlala e St. Petersburg, kodwa emva koko waya eMoscow kufutshane abazalwana abalungiselelayo kweTrone lokuqala. UMaria wayekuthanda ubabalo Natalia - udade loMlawuli Peter I, kwaye umlawuli elandelayo Anna Ivanovna ngo-1830 wenza umkhonzazana wakhe uzuko.

Cantemir akazange atshate. kobudlelwane yakhe kuphela ukuba ukunyamekela abantwana kunye kwisimangalo ezininzi kunye lwabazali, iziLawuli zoMzali-ubudala bakhe efanayo. Kwabonakala Ingongoma womlo, Kakade ke, ilifa. Ngowe-1730 uMariya D. eziqulethwe kwikhaya eMoscow salon lwabo zoncwadi. Ukuze Ndandithandana wakhe nosekela-irhuluneli St. Petersburg Fedor Naumov, kodwa wala.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje

Ngowe-1741, uMariya wayekho xa ibekwa ka-Elizabeth, lowo wenyuka itrone emva ubhedu ebhotwe. Omnye kubazalwana neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya, Antiyokwe, bafudukela eParis. Izalamane igcinwe umdla basem- imbalelwano ngesiGrike mihla kunye Italian.

Ngowe-1745, ozithandayo uPetros ndazifumanela Ulitkino indawo kufuphi Moscow, apho waphilisa nizole elilinganisiweyo. Apho wakha ibandla elitsha, yaye ukuthanda kwakhe lowu wayefuna ukuba avele kwisayithi ye woonongendi yetempile. UMaria wafa ngoSeptemba 9, 1757.