NoTrotsky Lev Davidovich: biography, kuchaphulo olu

Agasti 21 kuphawula iminyaka engama-75 ukususela kwimini xa Leon noTrotsky bulawa. Biography of owaguqula edumileyo waziwa kakuhle. Kodwa buchaphazela meko zilandelayo: waba lutshaba, hayi kuphela abo kufanele, zithathwa ukuba abe ukuphikiswa-abalweli - iintshaba Oktobha Revolution of 1917 nyaka, kodwa abo bakunye naye ilungisa kunye nezixhobo. Noko ke, akazange waba anti-, kwakunye hayi kuzifunda siseko revolution (ubuncinane ekuqaleni). Yintoni isizathu sokuba ikhefu ezibukhali ezifana kunye nabaxhasi bakhe, nto leyo ekugqibeleni kwakhokelela ekufeni kwakhe? Masizame kunye ukufumana impendulo yalo mbuzo. Okokuqala, esilishumayelayo ikharityhulam vitae.

Leon noTrotsky: A ngobomi bomntu emfutshane

Ngokufutshane chaza kunzima kakhulu, kodwa zama. Wazalwa Lev Bronstein (noTrotsky) Novemba 7 (a kwenzeka iphawulekayo imihla, kakuhle, indlela asikholelwa ngeenkwenkwezi?) Ngo-1879 usapho enomhlaba umYuda (okanye mandithi, umqeshi) e Ukraine, kwidolophana encinane, nto leyo ngoku kummandla Kirovograd .

Uphononongo lwaqala e Odessa, eneminyaka engama-9 (Qaphela ukuba hero yethu washiya ikhaya nje umntwana siyijongele akazange abuye kuyo ixesha elide), baqhubeka ngo 1895-1897. e Nikolaev, okokuqala kwisikolo yokwenene, ngoko kwi Novorossiysk University, kodwa kungekudala wayeka uqeqesho waza waziphosa umsebenzi olululo.

Ngoku, iminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo - kwisangqa yokuqala komhlaba elinethoba - ekubanjweni yokuqala. Emva kweminyaka emibini kwiintolongo ezahlukeneyo kwi ogcino, umtshato wokuqala ngazo, njengoko waqukumbela Aleksandroy Sokolovskoy ngqo kwi Butyrskaya (ivoti nobuntu abasemagunyeni Russian!), koko ke ikhonkco kwiPhondo Irkutsk kunye nomfazi wakhe kunye nomntakwabo-in (nobuntu lumane action). Apha Trotskiy Lev angalahlekelwa ixesha ilize - yena A. Sokolov wazalwa iintombi ezimbini, yena ukwenza kucholacholo lweendaba, yashicilelwa kwiphepha-ndaba Irkutsk, amanqaku eziliqela funneling amazwe.

Yintoni elandelayo luhambo zezilwanyana onokucinga ngazo ze ukubaleka amaxwebhu omgunyathi ukuze igama noTrotsky (ngokutsho ubungqina Lva Davidovicha, waye igama elinye lamadindala entolongweni Odessa, yaye igama lakhe wabonakala obalekayo ngoncuthu kangangokuba ecetywayo kuye ngokwenza ipaspoti lobuxoki) ukuya eLondon.

Kukho hero yethu zigcinwe ukuya kanye ekuqaleni yesibini Party Congress (1902), apho kwakukho ukwahlulwa odumileyo phakathi iiBolsheviks kunye Mensheviks. Apha leva Lenin, ngubani ukudunyiswa italente zoncwadi noTrotsky yaye bezama ukungena kuyo umhleli ebhodini of "Iskra" phephandaba.

Phambi kokuba revolution yokuqala Russian , noTrotsky Lev wema endaweni ezingazinzanga kwezopolitiko, jinga phakathi iiBolsheviks kunye Mensheviks. Eli xesha ke wesibini umtshato wayo kunye Nataley Sedovoy, uphetha, hayi olahlwe umfazi wokuqala. Lo umtshato inde kakhulu, kwaye N. Sedova waba naye de ekufeni kwakhe.

1905 - ngexesha ukunyuka kwezopolitiko ngokukhawuleza ngokungaqhelekanga of hero yethu. Efika ebilayo emva Bloody yangeCawa Petersburg, Lev Davidovich walungelelanisa St. Petersburg eSoviet waza waba lokuqala elifike usihlalo wayo, GS Nosar (alias crystal - igqwetha, a Ukrainian, inzalelwane Poltava, ngubani wadutyulwa ngo-1918 phezu imiyalelo lobuqu noTrotsky), yaye emva kokubanjwa kwakhe, yaye usihlalo. Ngoko, ekupheleni konyaka - ukubanjwa, ngo-1906 - iNkundla ekubhekiselelwe kuyo kummandla polar (i ariya ye Salekhard yangoku) ngonaphakade.

Kodwa Trotskiy Lev kuba wayeya ukuba kuyavumeleka ukuba ndimngcwabe yena waphila emathafeni. Endleleni eya ikhonkco wenza kusinde ebhegini kunye nendlela kuphela ngokusebenzisa isiqingatha Russia amazwe.

Oku kulandelwa ixesha elide ekuthinjweni de 1917. Ngeli xesha, Lev Davidovich uqala uku ezininzi iiprojekthi kwezopolitiko, zabavakalisa amaphephandaba eziliqela, zonke iintlobo iindlela ukuzama ukufumana zintshula kuloo mbuso njengenye nabaququzeleli bayo. Akumthathi icala okanye Lenin, okanye i Mensheviks lonke ixesha yahluka phakathi kwabo, alungelelanisa ngayo, ezama ayicamagushele amaphiko feuding kwedemokhrasi lwentlalo. Yena ngamandla uzama ukuthatha indawo yobunkokeli kweli intshukumo Russian yotshintsho olululo. Kodwa akazange aphumelele, kwaye ngo-1917 oko kuphela kwabo bangenazimvo zihoyiweyo yobomi kwezopolitiko, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba ingcamango noTrotsky ukuba ushiye eYurophu kwaye uzame luck yakhe eMelika.

Apha got a inentshayelelo enomdla kakhulu kwizangqa ezahlukeneyo, kuquka imali, nto leyo wamvumela ukuba eze eRashiya emva Februwari Revolution, ngoMeyi 1917, kungekhona kunye nepokotho engenanto. Owayesakuba nguSihlalo we Petrograd Soviet yafumana kuye indawo kwi ngokutsha entsha yeziko, kunye nezakhono zemali lityhale iinkokheli kwiBhunga elitsha, apho phantsi kobunkokheli noTrotsky engena ngumzabalazo amandla kunye Provisional Government.

Ekugqibeleni (ngoSeptemba 1917), wajoyina i ye'Bolsheviks kwaye umntu wesibini kwi Leninist party. Lenin, uLeon noTrotsky, Stalin, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Sokolnikov kunye Bubnov - ukuba amalungu zokuqala ezisixhenxe Politburo, leyo yasekwa ngo-1917 ukulawula yamaBolshevik Revolution. Ngelo xesha wayeneminyaka engama-20 Septemba 1917 kwaye usihlalo Petrograd Soviet. Phantse wonke umsebenzi aluncedo lombutho -Oktobha Revolution kunye nokhuseleko lwalo kwiiveki zokuqala kwamandla eSoviet - umsebenzi Lva Trotskogo.

Ngowe-1917-1918. wakhonza Revolution, kuqala nje Abantu Commissar for leMicimbi yangaPhandle, uze emva koko njengoko ngumseki nomyali Olubomvu Army indawo Abantu Commissar for Military kunye Naval Affairs. Trotskiy Lev lo ungumzekeliso ozise ephambili uloyiso kwiBolsheviks kwi Russian War Civil (1918-1923 gg.). Kwakhona yaba lilungu le-efanayo (1919-1926 gg.) Yezopolitiko Bureau of yamaBolshevik Party.

Emva kokoyiswa Ekhohlo Inkcaso, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni kumzabalazo olungalinganiyo nxamnye ngokuvela Iosifa Stalina kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo bakhe 1920 ejoliswe indima okukhulayo sama yiSoviet Union, noTrotsky wasuswa ngamandla (Oktobha 1927), bagxothwa Communist Party (Novemba 1927 ) kunye wagxothwa eSoviet Union (Februwari 1929).

Njengoko intloko yeSine International, noTrotsky, elubhacweni waqhubeka ukuxhathisa kukhal kaStalin eSoviet Union. On odolo Stalin kaThixo, yena wabulala eMexico ngoAgasti 1940, uRamon Mercader, i-arhente eSoviet of imvelaphi Spanish.

izimvo noTrotsky kaThixo zenza isiseko Trotskyism, ngendlela enkulu ingcamango abangabaxhasi bakaMarx, leyo yamelana imfundiso kwiStalinism. Wayengomnye yiSoviet amanani zezopolitiko bambalwa na abo na kwimo phantsi korhulumente Nikity Hruscheva ngo-1960, okanye ngexesha i "Gorbachev kaThixo" perestroika. Ngo-1980, iincwadi zakhe ziye zakhululwa ukwenzela ukupapashwa eSoviet Union.

Kuphela post-Soviet Russia yena kwimeko yesiqhelo kunye uLeon noTrotsky. kokuba uphando ngobomi bakhe kwaye ebhalwe inani le mbali ezaziwayo-kakuhle, kuquka, umzekelo, nguDmitry Volkogonov. Asiyi nibalise ngokweenkcukacha, uhlaziye amanye amaphepha ezikhethiweyo kuphela.

Imvelaphi ukuyilwa bobuntu esengumntwana (1879-1895 biennium).

Ukuze siqonde imvelaphi lokusekwa yobuntu hero yethu, kufuneka uthathe uhlolisise apho wazalelwa Leon noTrotsky yena. Yaba emaphandleni Ukrainian, indawo enkangala zezolimo, nto leyo efanayo yaye. Yaye oko wakwenza oko Bronstein usapho yamaYuda: uyise, uDavide L., ngubani kuseMpuma Poltava, unina, uAnna, ukususela Odessa, abantwana babo (1850-1910 biennium) (1847-1922 gg.).? Ngokufanayo namanye intsapho yongxowankulu kwezo ndawo - efunyenwe eyinkunzi ukuxhatshazwa ngokungenalusini abalimi Ukrainian. Ngexesha wokuzalwa hero yethu nokubhala yakhe (zihlole le nto!) UBawo uyaphila, enyanisweni, singqongwe abasemzini ubuhlanga bakhe kunye nomqondo yabantu sele lalibukele estate eka amakhulu eziliqela lomhlaba kunye lokusila umphunga. It wagoba emva intlaninge kwabasebenzi.

Ngaba konke oku kukhumbuza umfundi into ubomi batyale, i Boers apha eMzantsi Afrika, apho kuphela endaweni emnyama iKaffirs elimnyama Ukraine? Apha kule emoyeni yaye ayila umlinganiswa i-Levy Bronshteyna omncinane. Akukho abahlobo, noontanga okanye imidlalo amakhwenkwe ngokungakhathali kunye pranks, omnye uyadika yoohlohlesakhe ekhaya kwaye ukhangele phezu wabasebenzi Ukrainian. It is neengcambu yokukhula ingqiqo yakhe ubuntwana kunabanye phezu kwabanye, nto leyo kwento ezisisiseko noTrotsky.

Kwaye ukuze nibe umncedisi ndinyobulule kuyise, kodwa yona, unina ukuba umfazi omncinane abafundileyo (ukusuka Odessa emva bonke), ixesha bavakalelwa ukuba unyana wakhe yayikwazi ngaphezu kokuba ukuxhatshazwa eziqondile ngemigudu umlimi, waza wanyanzelisa ukuba yena wathunyelwa ukuba bafunde e Odessa (abahlala kwikhaya izalamane). Ezantsi ungabona njani umntwana lowo Leon noTrotsky (ifoto eboniswe).

uTshawe iqala ukubonisa ubuntu (1888-1895 gg.)

E Odessa, iqhawe yethu ababhalise esikolweni ubuchule quota ukuba yabelwe abantwana zamaYuda. Odessa xesha isixeko kwizibuko abavela simaxhaphetshu kangaka, yahluke kakhulu ukusuka kwizixeko boqobo Russian kwaye Ukrainian ixesha. Le films serial Sergeya Kolosova "Yahlula" (si yaleza ukuba bayilinde ukuba nabani na onomdla kwimbali Russian Revolution), kukho isiganeko apho uLenin ngo-1902 e-London ahlangana owabalekayo yokuqala elubhacweni yakhe noTrotsky yaye babe nomdla ekufundeni kucingwa ukuba yenze ikomkhulu UK. Uthi ukuba yokuvela ngaphezu yavelisa Odessa emva kokuba uyise evela chweba emaphandleni, ukuba nje akunakwenzeka ukuba lwenzeke.

Leo ufunda entle, yonke iminyaka ilandelelana ngokuba umfundi wokuqala kule khosi. Xa memoirs ababephila, ebonakala ndoda eyayifuna kakhulu, ukulwela ukuba ukongama macala izahlule nabanye abafundi. Sebebadala Leo jikisa indoda enhle, ngubani phambi lwabazali abazizityebi zonke iingcango ebomini bakho kufuneka ibe ivuliwe. Njengoko Leon noTrotsky waphila (ifoto naye ngethuba lokufunda inikwa ngezantsi)?

uthando lokuqala

NoTrotsky wayeceba kufunda kwiYunivesithi Novorossiysk. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, watshintshelwa Nikolayev, apho wagqiba ikhondo wokugqibela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Wayeneminyaka eli-17 ubudala, yaye akazange nokuba wacinga malunga nawuphi na umsebenzi olululo. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, noonyana umnini indlu kaThixo wobusoshiyali, ke banduluka umfundi kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo isangqa yakhe, nto leyo ithetha uncwadi ezahlukeneyo revolution - ukusuka populist ukuya Marxist. Phakathi kwamalungu wesangqa kwaba kunye A. Sokolovskaya, kutshanje baphumelela iikhosi Midwifery e Odessa. Njengoko noTrotsky iminyaka engaphezu emithandathu, uye wenza yahlala ezingqondweni kuye. Efuna ukubonisa ulwazi ukuya into yokuba uthando lwakhe, Leo benza gqitha ukufunda iingcamango yotshintsho olululo. Kuye wadlala amaqhinga kuye: ukuqala ixesha, akazange, lahlani lo msebenzi.

umsebenzi Revolutionary kunye nokuvalelwa entolongweni (1896-1900 biennium).

Kuyabonakala ukuba, lo mfana yebhongo wabona - ngoba enye, kanye into uyakwazi unikele ukuphila kwakho olungenakuzisa imbeko athandwayo. Sikunye Sokolovskaya, noTrotsky Bawela umsebenzi owaguqula, amaphetshana yoshicilelo, ukhokela ukuphazamiseka Social Democratic phakathi kwabasebenzi Nikolaev shipyards, umbutho Union i "Russian Abasebenzi South '.

NgoJanuwari 1898, amalungu emibutho ngaphezulu kwama-200, kuquka noTrotsky, babanjwa. Wachitha iminyaka emibini elandelayo entolongweni belindele ukuthethwa kwetyala - yokuqala Nikolaev, ngoko e Kherson, Odessa koko eMoscow. Le entolongweni Butyrka , weza ukudibana nabanye abavukeli. Apho ke weva malunga uLenin ufunde incwadi yakhe "The Development of capitalism Russia", ngokuthe ngcembe usiba Marxist wokwenene. Kwiinyanga ezimbini emva kokuvalelwa kwakhe (1-3 Matshi 1898), ngolokuqala Congress elitsha i-Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP). Ekubeni noTrotsky izichaza njengelungu.

umtshato wokuqala

Aleksandra Sokolovskaya (1872-1938 gg.) Ukuze umzuzwana phambi kokuba ithunyelwe ekuthinjweni wavalelwa kwintolongo enye Butyrskaya e Moscow, apho ngelo xesha noTrotsky. Wabhala incwadi naye, yacela ukuba uvume ukutshata naye. Nto layiva kakuhle, abazali bakhe kunye nolawulo yentolongo inkxaso the lover engumlawuli, kodwa sibini wayechasa ngamandla Bronstein - kubonakala bavakalelwa ukuba kufuneka ukukhulisa abantwana babo ukungathembeki (ngengqiqo ngemihla) kubazali. Ngokwahlukileyo kuyise nonina, noTrotsky nangoku utshata Sokolov. Lo msitho womtshato yaqhutywa umYuda, umbingeleli.

Ekuthinjweni yokuqala eSiberia (1900-1902 biennium).

Ngowe-1900 wagwetywa iminyaka emine wagxothelwa kummandla Irkutsk of eSiberia. Ngenxa emsithweni, noTrotsky kunye nomfazi wakhe avunyelwe ukuba ahlale endaweni enye. Ngako oko, isibini wathunyelwa kwidolophana Ust-Kut. Apha ke wayeneentombi ezimbini: (. 1901-1933 gg) Zinaida noNina (. 1902-1928 gg).

Noko ke, ukuba indalo nje esebenzayo, njengoko Lev Davidovich, ecaleni kwakhe Sokolov akuphumelelanga. Waphumelela notoriety ethile ngenxa kubhaliweyo manqaku reference yaye bathuthunjiswe banxanelwe amanyathelo, noTrotsky unika inkosikazi yakhe, uyazi ukuba akakwazi ukuhlala kude kumaziko yobomi kwezopolitiko. Sokolovskaya Ngokuthobeka uvuma. Ngehlobo lowe-1902 Leo ubaleka evela eSiberia - yokuqala efihliweyo phantsi hay nqwelo Irkutsk, koko ipasi ezazakhiwe egameni Lva Trotskogo ngololiwe ukuya kwimida yoBukhosi baseRashiya. kamva Alexander ubalekile eSiberia kunye neentombi zakhe.

Leon noTrotsky Lenin

Emva edluliselwa eSiberia, wafudukela eLondon ukujoyina Plekhanov, uVladimir Lenin, Martov kunye nezinye abahleli iphephandaba Lenin kaThixo "Iskra". Phantsi mbumbulu of "Pen" noTrotsky kungekudala waba ngomnye ababhali ayo aphambili.

Ekupheleni kuka-1902, noTrotsky wadibana Nataley Ivanovnoy Sedovoy, ngubani kungekudala waba iqabane lakhe, yaye ukususela 1903 de ekufeni kwakhe - umfazi wakhe. Bona ke abantwana-2: (. 1906-1938 gg) Lva Sedova kunye Sergei Sedov (March 21, 1908 - Oktobha 29, 1937), bobabini oonyana bafa phambi kwabazali babo.

Ngelo xesha, emva kwexesha zocindezelo abecuphi kunye nokudideka lwangaphakathi ababeyilandela Congress wokuqala RSDLP ngo-1898, i "yintlantsi" wakwazi ukubamba iNkongolo-2 e-London ngo-Agasti 1903. NoTrotsky kunye nezinye Iskra-thi wathabatha inxaxheba kuyo.

iindwendwe Congress bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amabini. ULenin iiBolsheviks wakhe wambiza ukuba encinane, kodwa abamanyeneyo kakhulu iqela, kwaye Martov kunye nabaxhasi-i Mensheviks bafuna ukwenza umbutho enkulu kunye ngaphantsi isiyalo. Le ndlela ibonisa iyantlukwano iinjongo zabo. Ukuba uLenin wayefuna ukwenza iqela olwela abaziingcali kumzabalazo komhlaba ngokuchasene lobuzwilakhe, ngoko Martov wayefuna beqela uhlobo yaseYurophu kunye iliso kwiindlela esepalamente kumzabalazo ochasene urhulumente tsarist.

Ngelo xesha abahlobo uLenin osenyongweni asinikezele bengalindelanga. NoTrotsky kunye noninzi nabahleli "Ibangela" kwaxhaswa yi Martov kunye Mensheviks ngelixa Plekhanov - uLenin kwiBolsheviks. Kuba Lenin, ewolo noTrotsky yaba yintlungu strong engalindelekanga yaye oko wabiza nguYuda yokugqibela yaye kuyabonakala ukuba uxolelwe.

Ngexesha 1903-1904 biennium. ezininzi amalungu eANC baye bafudukela kwelinye icala. Ngoko, kungekudala Plekhanov Sahlukana kwiBolsheviks. Kwakhona noTrotsky washiya Mensheviks ngoSeptemba 1904 nokuba ngokuba yena i "non-noqhekeko zedemokhrasi zentlalo" de-1917 ukuzama axolelanise amaqela ahlukeneyo phakathi kweqela, kunye result inxaxheba phezulu ezininzi uLenin namanye amalungu avelele RSDLP.

Indlela ngokobuqu uLenin Lev noTrotsky ngayo? Quotes evela imbalelwano yakhe kunye Menshevik Chkheidze kakhulu ukuchaza ngokucacileyo ulwalamano lwabo. Ngoko ke, ngoMatshi 1913, wabhala wathi: "uLenin ... a exploiter lobuchule zonke backwardness kumbutho wabasebenzi Russian '... yonke isakhiwo noLenin njengangoku eyakhelwe phezu kunye ukuguqula neebhere ezinetyhefu uqalise ukubola yakhe ..."

Kamva, ngexesha nomzabalazo ngamandla, yena uya kubukhumbula hesitations zakhe ngokuphathelele indlela jikelele zeqela, anikwe nguLenin. Ezantsi ungabona oko Trotskiy Lev Davidovich (ifoto nguLenin).

Revolution (1905)

Ngoko ke, yonke into esiyaziyo nobuntu hero yethu nangoku okucengacengayo kakhulu ichaza. italente yakhe ukuqina zoncwadi kwaye journalistic ebulungelelanisile ngamabhongo buhlungu, zokuqwebisa, abazingcayo (khumbula A. Sokolowski ababesele eSiberia kunye neentombi ezimbini abatsha). Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha revolution yokuqala Russian, noTrotsky ngesiquphe esizibonakalisa ngendlela entsha - njengendoda nesibindi kakhulu, neciko obalaseleyo, nako phemba le nginginya njengoko ngumququzeleli zabo ezikrelekrele. Ukufika ngoMeyi 1905 rap olululo St. Petersburg, ngoko nangoko Lisuka kungena angqingqwa izinto, uba lilungu elikhutheleyo Petrograd Soviet, wabhala ezininzi amanqaku, amaphetshana, umi phambi kwe-eneji revolution umbane isihlwele kunye neentetho omlilo. Emva kwethutyana ke usekela sihlalo weBhunga, ngenkuthalo inxaxheba kumalungiselelo-Oktobha ugwayimbo jikelele yezopolitiko. Emva kokuba imbonakalo Manifesto le tsar ngayo Oktobha 17, obanike abantu amalungelo ezopolitiko, simelane kakhulu, ebiza koqhubekeko lwe revolution.

Xa gendarmes wabanjwa Hrustaleva-Nosara Andau imi kwindawo yayo, balungiselela ngezigaba wabasebenzi zokulwa, umkhosi impembelelo ikamva kwimvukelo abaxhobileyo ngokuchasene lobuzwilakhe. Kodwa ekuqaleni kukaDisemba 1905 urhulumente wagqiba lisasazwe iBhunga kunye nokubanjwa akhe. Ngokuqinisekileyo ibali emangalisayo kwenzeka ngexesha ukubanjwa xa amapolisa angena Petrograd enkundleni eSoviet, kwaye elongameleyo noTrotsky kwawethu amandla ukuthanda kwakhe yaye ukweyisela bapakishe kude kubo umzuzwana engaphandle emnyango, sivumele abaphulaphuli ukulungiselela: ukutshabalalisa ayingozi ukuba amaxwebhu abo, ukuba bahlukane izixhobo. Kodwa ukubanjwa kwenzeka, noTrotsky nguye okwesibini kwintolongo Russian, eli xesha eSt Petersburg "zihlangane".

ukubaleka Second evela eSiberia

Biography Lva Davidovicha Trotskogo ligcwele iziganeko ecacileyo. Kodwa umsebenzi wethu ukuba ntetho yayo eneenkcukacha. Sinchiphisa ngokwethu iziqephu ezimbalwa eqaqambileyo, nto leyo masibonise kakhulu ngokucacileyo isimilo hero yethu. Ezi ziquka imbali, ezinxulumene isalathisi yesibini noTrotsky eSiberia.

Eli xesha, emva konyaka entolongweni (nangona kwiimeko kakhulu ezifanelekileyo, kuquka ukufikelela naluphi uncwadi kunye press) Lev Davidovich wagwetywa ekuthinjweni lwanaphakade Arctic, kwisithili Obdorsk (ngoku Salekhard). Ngaphambi kokuba bahambe, Wazinikela ukuthanda ileta ndlelantle ngala mazwi: "Thina siphuma ukholo nzulu uloyiso ekhawulezayo abantu phezu kweentshaba zakhe zamandulo. Makadle ubomi sabasebenzi! socialism ngamazwe live Long! "

Ayisafuni nakucaciswa yona into yokuba akayi ilungiselelwa iminyaka bahlale kwi Arctic, kwezinye izindlu engcolile kwaye balindele usindiso revolution. Ukongeza, enjani wotshintsho nako ukuthetha, ukuba anithanga inxaxheba kulo yena?

Ngoko ke, ekuphela kwendlela yokuphuma kwakhe yokuphuma ngokukhawuleza. Xa egesi amabanjwa bafika Birch (kakuhle eyaziwa eRashiya indawo ekuthinjweni, apho wachitha bonke ubomi bakhe, owayesakuba kuphole soBekekileyo Prince Alexander Menshikov), nto leyo yindlela eya ngasemntla, noTrotsky ezizenza kokuhlaselwa sciatica ahlekise. Wayeqiniseka ukuba wasala kunye iperi gendarmes e Berezovo alulame. Ukulahlekiswa ukuphaphama kwabo, yena aphelelwe edolophini ukuya zokuhlala elikufutshane Khanty. Kukho ezinye utsheqo engakholelekiyo indlela neenyamakazi kwi kumathafa ezigqunywe likhephu (isenzo kuthatha indawo ngoJanuwari 1907), malunga ophosa uya phambene Mountains, ekhatshwa umqhubi-Hunt. Uze ungangeni inxalenye yaseYurophu eRashiya, ngokulula noTrotsky awele ukuba (musa ukulibala ukuba 1907 ngunyaka, njengoko kunjalo, urhulumente ilitye lokusila ezintanyeni zabo, "Stolypin neckties") yaye e Finland, apho wafudukela eYurophu.

Ngokhuselekileyo eyigqibile ngaye, ngoko ukuba athethe, adventure, nangona neengozi Ukubhenca yena, ngeyona ndlela phezulu. Kusenokuba lula bazingxwelerha imela okanye yobisa kwaye lifake kwikhephu ngumkhenkce, wanqwenela ukuba intsalela yemali ababenaye. Yaye oko bekuya kuba ukubulawa Lva Trotskogo akazange ngo-1940, kodwa ke engamashumi amathathu ngaphambili. Kwakungayi kuba yenzeke xa ukunyuka ezisemagqabini kule minyaka i-revolution, nazo zonke eyalandelayo. Noko ke, imbali, ziyahlelwa Lev Davidovich kugqitywe ngenye indlela - Ngethamsanqa ngaye, kodwa yeha-ukubandezeleka Russia, kunye nelizwe lakhe, kungabikho ngaphantsi.

Isenzo yokugqibela weqonga ubomi

Ngo-Agasti 1940, ihlabathi ekusasazeni iindaba uLeon noTrotsky ebulawa e Mexico, apho wayehlala khona kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe. Enoba kwaba kwisiganeko lomhlaba wonke? Kambe ke kuyathandabuzeka. Phantse ngonyaka, njengoko woyiswa yi Poland kunye iinyanga ezimbini sele idlule ukususela kokuwa France. Ovuthayo umlilo okulwa, China kunye Indochina. Ngamazwe ulungiselela imfazwe USSR.

Ngoko ke, ngaphandle abaxhasi bambalwa phakathi kwamalungu International esasekwa noTrotsky iintshaba ezininzi, ukususela abasemagunyeni eSoviet kwaye ugcina uninzi abezopolitiko ehlabathini, ukufa bambalwa abantu izimvo. Iphephandaba "PRAVDA" kubeka obituary ukuzibulala umxholo ezabhalwa Stalin ngokwakhe kwaye ezaliswe ngentiyo iintshaba abulawe.

Kufuneka kuchazwe ukuba noTrotsky wazama ukumbulala ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Phakathi ezinokuba nababulali iphawulwe nkqu omkhulu artist Mexican Siqueiros, abathatha inxaxheba angenela villa noTrotsky Yehovha eMexico kukho iqela amakomanisi bobu buqu bakhululwa sasinomandlalo engenanto Lva Davidovicha umatshini gun umlilo, abazi ukuba Yayizimele phantsi kwawo. Emva koko ke imbumbulu bawela.

Kodwa yintoni wambulala Lva Trotskogo? Eyona nto ingumnqa kukuba esi sixhobo akanguye isixhobo ukubulala - umkhuhlane okanye emva kokudutyulwa, yaye njengesiqhelo ice-ngezembe, yokothula encinane, esetyenziswa yi climbers xa lisanyuka. Kwaye ndiya kusilondoloza ezandleni yomenzeli NKVD Ramon Merkador, umfana unina ogama nokuthatha inxaxheba kwi Spanish Civil War. Ukuba Orthodox wamaKomanisi, yena wasola ngokoyiswa kwiriphabliki Spanish abaxhasi noTrotsky kaThixo, owathi, nangona ababandakanyekayo kule mfazwe yamakhaya kwi ecaleni imikhosi republic, kodwa wala ukuba enze ngokuhambelana nomgaqo-nkqubo, njengoko eMoscow. Le enecala inikwa unyana wakhe, owaba sixhobo lokwenene kubulawa.