Imfundo:, Imbali
Inkqubela kaJulayi ka-1917: izizathu, inkambo kunye neziphumo
Inkathazo kaJulayi ka-1917 yayiyimpembelelo yezopolitiko zentlalo yezopolitiko kunye nezobuhlanga, eziye zaphucuka kwilizwe lethu emva kokuwa kwe-autocracy. Iimeko zokugqibela zakhokelela ekubeni abameleli bee-monarchist bevela kummandla wezopolitiko, kunye nomzabalazo wamandla ophuhliswe urhulumente. Ukungaphumeleli komkhosi waseRashiya ngaphambili kwaholela ekugqibeleni kwimeko leyo, eyabangela ukutshabalalisa kwangaphakathi.
Mfuneko
Inkathazo kaJulayi ka-1917 yaqhambuka ngenxa yeziganeko eziphikisanayo phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo alwela impembelelo kwiKhabinethi. Kwada ngoJuni waloo nyaka inkokheli ephetheyo yayihlala kwiCadet Party, eyathi, ngokukhawuleza, yashiya kwi-arhente yezopolitiko. I-Octobris kunye neProgressives ayikwazanga ukugcina kwi-helm. Kodwa, nangona kunjalo, amaqela asele aqhubeka nomzabalazo wabo.
Ubungakanani obudluliselwe kwi-Socialist-Revolutionaries, eyayixhasa uRhulumente wexesha elizeleyo kwaye ikhuthaza ukubambisana neCadets. Elinye iqela eliphambili lalingamaMensheviks, awazange asebenze ngokufanayo. Nangona kunjalo, nabo baxhasa ukusebenzisana negunya lamalungiselelo kunye ne-bourgeoisie. Amabini omabini athambekele ekubanjweni kwemfazwe ekupheleni kokuphumelela. Izizathu zengxaki yeJulayi ka-1917 kukuba akukho mvumelwano ephezulu kwurhulumente malunga nekamva lelizwe kunye nokuqhubeka kokuthatha inxaxheba ekulwa.
Ukuthatha inxaxheba
Eli qela lifuna ukunikezelwa kwamandla kwiiSoviet. AmaBolshevik ayengumkhosi kuphela ochasene noRhulumente ojongene noMgaqo-nkqubo kwaye wayefuna ukurhoxiswa kweRashiya kwimfazwe. Baye baba nomdla ngakumbi emva kokubuyela ezweni laseLenin ngo-Ephreli wonyaka ophantsi kokuhlaziywa.
Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva, ukubonakalisa ubuninzi bebanjelwe ePetrograd phantsi kweeBloghevik. Ababonisi bafuna ukurhoxiswa kweRashiya kwimfazwe nokudluliselwa kwamandla kwiiseli zendawo. Inkathazo kaJulayi ka-1917 yaqala ngeentsuku zokuqala zenyanga. Ekuphenduleni, urhulumente wayala ukuba aphephe ababhikishi, kwaye wakhupha isigunyaziso sokubanjwa kweenkokheli zeBolsheviks.
Iintlawulo
Iqela lityholwa ngokuqhuba umsebenzi wokuhlambalaza kweli lizwe ngemali yaseJamani kunye nokulungelelanisa ngamabomu ukuhlaselwa okuxhobileyo kumagunya aseburhulumenteni.
Ngokubhekiselele kule ngxaki, ezimbini iingcamango zokujonga ziye zaqalwa phakathi kwenzululwazi. Abanye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba uLenin wayenomdla kakhulu eJamani, owayenomdla ekunqothulweni komkhosi waseRashiya. Ezinye iimbali-mlando zithi akukho sizathu saloo mbuzo.
Ngoko ukuba umfundi angenza ubuncinane ingcamango ethile yendlela kunye nokulandelelana kweziganeko ezenzeka ngayo, sibeka ulwazi oluncinane kwesi sihloko kwitheyibhile.
| Umhla | Isiganeko |
| 3-4 Julayi | Ukuqala kwemibhikisho eninzi eMetrograd phantsi kweeBolshevik izivakalisi zokurhoxiswa kweRashiya kwimfazwe kunye nokudluliselwa kwamandla kumaSoviet. Umyalelo we-urhulumente ngokudutshulwa kwababonisi, ukuxabana okuxhobileyo, okubangele ukufa kwabantu abaninzi. Isityholo sikaRhulumente kunye ne-Petrograd Soviet yamaBolsheviks yokuzama ukukhwabanisa. |
| Julayi 8 | Umyalelo wokubanjwa kweBolsheviks, ukuvakaliswa kweentlola zabo zaseJamani, kunye nokumangalelwa kwabo kwezopolitiko. Iqela eliphuma phantsi. |
| 10 kuJulayi | Isiqendu sikaLenin "Imeko yezopolitiko", apho yazisa ukuba kugqitywe kwinqanaba loxolo le-revolution, ukuguqulwa kwayo kwi-counter-revolution, kunye nokupheliswa kwamandla emibini kweli lizwe. |
| Julayi 24 | Ukwakhiwa koorhulumente omtsha okhokelwa ngu-SR Kerensky, owaqala ukulandela umgaqo-centrist ukuze kulungelelaniswe iminqweno yemibutho yokulwa, eyaphela ekuphumelelweni. |
| Agasti 12-14 | Intlanganiso yaseburhulumenteni yaseMoscow, apho kwenziwa umzamo wokudibanisa amaqela, kodwa i-Bolsheviks yamemezela ukuba i-boycott, ngoxa abanye bebamba ibutho elixhobileyo kwi-General Kornilov. |
Nangona kunjalo, kukho ingcamango yokuba inkqubela kaJulayi ka-1917 yayishukunyiswa nguRhulumente ngokwawo, ngoko kwakukho ithuba lokumangalela amaBolsheviks aphakamileyo. Yiba nokuba kunjalo, iqela liya ngaphantsi komhlaba emva kwezi ganeko.
Iziphumo
Ezi ziganeko zenze ukuba kubekho utshintsho olukhulu kwezopolitiko kweli lizwe. Ekupheleni kwenyanga i-new government coalition yakhiwa, iholwa ngu-SR Kerensky. Ngaloo ndlela, amagunya aseburhulumenteni azame ukudibanisa iimfuno zamaqela ezopolitiko athile.
Inkokeli entsha yazama ukuqhuba phakathi kwamacandelo, kodwa akazange aphumelele ukufezekisa ubuncinci abathile kweli lizwe. Inkathazo kaJulayi ka-1917, isiphumo esabangela ukuba iBolsheviks ithathe ikhosi ukuya ekuhlaselweni okuxhobileyo, yayisisiseko senkulumo entsha yempi, ephantse iholele ekuwa kwekarhulumente.
Oku kuthetha ngentetho ye-General Kornilov. Ukuvukela kwakhe kwaxhaswa ngoncedo lwabantu baseBolsheviks, abanezikhundla zabo zomelezwa kakhulu emva kwesiganeko, okwenza kube lula ukuba bafikelele ngo-Oktobha wonyaka.
Iziphumo
Kwimiba emininzi kwanegalelo kwimpumelelo yokubhikisha ngo-Julayi inzima ka-1917. Itafile ezinikezelwe kulo mboniso zibonisa ukulandelelana kweziganeko. Emva kokuqhutyelwa kwababonisi, uLenin wabhala umsebenzi omtsha apho wazisa ukuba isigaba sokuthula se-revolution siphelile. Ngaloo ndlela, uqinisekisile imfuneko yokuchithwa ngokuxhomekeke kwamandla. Enye imbangela ebalulekileyo yenkxalabo yayikupheliswa kwamandla emibini kweli lizwe. Oku kubangelwa ukuhoxiswa kweBolsheviks ukuya phantsi. Ingxaki yokuthatha inxaxheba kwelo lizwe kwimfazwe yahlala enye yezinto ezinzima kakhulu.
Nentsingiselo
Inkathazo ka-Julayi ka-1917 ibonise ubuthathaka boRhulumente oNgezelelweyo kunye nokungakwazi ukuxazulula iingxaki zokuphuhliswa kwelizwe. Iziganeko ezenzeka emva koko zomeleza impembelelo yabaseBolsheviks, ababethatha amandla ngokulula nje kwiinyanga ezimbalwa nje. Ngako oko, lo mvukelo kufuneka uthathelwe ingqalelo kwinqanaba leenkxalabo ezatshitshisa amandla amakhulu ehlobo lonyaka okhankanywe ngawo.
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