Ibutho le-USSR. Ubungakanani bomkhosi we-former USSR

Army eSoviet Union - enye enclaves amakhulu kwezomkhosi zenkulungwane yama-20, ukudalwa ezithe bachitha elininzi kwezibonelelo, ingakumbi abantu. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba lenzeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokuqinileyo wathabatha indawo ephambili kwimbali yehlabathi, ingakumbi sibulela ubuqhawe unyamezelo elunxwemeni amathuba abantu ukuba amajoni eSoviet abonisa kumzabalazo wokulwa abahlaseli ngokungenalusini karhulumente. Emva kokuba uzinikele olungenamiqathango, mhlawumbi, bambalwa na amagunya ihlabathi kukwazi ukucela umngeni into izicacele ukuba nomkhosi yaba kakhulu ehlabathini ngelo xesha. Noko ke, loo nto yinto isihloko ekungathethwayo ukuba igcinwe kude phantse ekupheleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela.

izigaba ukubunjwa

Kuyo yonke imbali yayo emva kokufumana ifomu ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi umbutho yomkhosi Russian wayedume isibindi engakholelekiyo, amandla kunye nokholo ityala apho wachitha igazi amajoni. Ukuwa ubukhosi, ingakumbi, kubandakanya nje ukuzidimaza emkhosini, kodwa intshabalalo phantse ngokupheleleyo. Oku kuchaza inzondelelo etshabalalisayo ukuphelisa uninzi angaphathi kwigosa. Ngaxeshanye kwilizwe liphela ukusuka befuna ukukhonza iingcamango ezintsha kunye urhulumente omtsha ozelwe kwasekwa Red Guards. Noko ke, sekunjalo bukhona World Okokuqala, nangona iziganeko zangaphakathi, iRashiya ngokusemthethweni ukuphuma kulo, kwaye ke ngoko kwabakho imfuneko yokuba uxhulumaniso rhoqo. It laqalisa ukuyilwa oluBomvu Army, ekubhaliswe egameni lakhe ilungelo konyaka kamva wongeza ibinzana elithi "abasebenzi kunye nabalimi". Usuku lokuzalwa esemthethweni - February 23, 1918. Ngexesha ukuqhambuka ingxwabangxwaba yoluntu amavolontiya 800.000 baba nezikhundla zayo, kancinane emva koko - 1.5 million.

Xa intliziyo kwendalo yomkhosi imigaqo omtsha wama- ezifana eklasini, Ukusebenzisana akukho angekayazi eyona ngokupheleleyo likarhulumente (kwi ezintlwini bempi wenza abemi kwamanye amazwe), unyulo ibhodi yolawulo, dvunachalie obonelela ubukho mandatory onke amaqela kubaphathiswa wamajoni, i-njalo kuxokwa-abasebenzi zezopolitiko .

Awona macandelo ezisisiseko semkhosini baqalisa nomhlaba nolwandle. A union zomkhosi yinxalenye yomkhosi yiSoviet yaqala ngo-1922, oko kukuthi, xa sele eza ngokusemthethweni zabakho eSoviet Union. Kude kube Ukunyamalala ukuba kaRhulumente ukususela kwimephu yomkhosi yehlabathi zange ukutshintsha imilo yabo bangaphandle. Emva zokusekwa kwe-USSR ukuba bajoyine amabutho NKVD.

Ubume bombutho lolawulo

Kwaye USSR, yaye kamva eSoviet Union ukwenza imisebenzi yezolawulo, kwakunye nokulawula izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka umkhosi elisebenze Council of Commissars yaBantu. Abantu Commissar lezoKhuselo yasekwa ngo-1934. Ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, i Umyalelo Ephakamileyo kwasekwa, elikhokelwa Iosifom Stalinym ngqo. Kamva, oko yasekwa iSebe lezoKhuselo. Isakhiwo esifanayo siyakhuselwa unanamhla.

Ekuqaleni, nomkhosi, akukho myalelo. Amavolontiya kwasekwa iiyunithi, nganye leyo owahlukileyo unit emkhosini. Kwiinzame ukujongana nale meko umkhosi yawangenisa ziingcali ezifanelekileyo abenza esakhiweni yayo. Rifle ekuqaleni ibunjiwe angaphathi mahashe. idabi enamandla zobuchwepheshe, ochazwa ukuhamba kunikelwa ekuvelisweni moya, amatanki, izithuthi vehicles, negalelo yokuba nomkhosi lowo landayo, kwabonakala iiyunithi imishini kwaye ezinenjini, waqinisa iiyunithi zobugcisa. Ngexesha lemfazwe, oko iba yinxalenye rhoqo yomkhosi esebenzayo. Ngokutsho imithetho emkhosini, yonke ubude imisebenzi zomkhosi yohlulwe ngaphambili, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, iquka umkhosi.

Inani yomkhosi Soviet ukususela ekuqalweni kwayo, kwakukho phantse amabini ikhulu lamawaka amadoda, ngexesha ukuhlasela iJamani yamaNazi nezikhundla zawo, kwakukho abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezihlanu.

iintlobo amabutho

ESoviet Union imikhosi baba elihamba, amajoni zokudubula, owamahashe, uphawu lamajoni, vehicles, ubunjineli, imichiza, izithuthi, kaloliwe, amajoni indlela, umkhosi umoya. Ngaphezu koko, indawo enkulu kuhlala kunye ihashe ngehashe, ethe yasekwa ngaxeshanye Red Army. Noko ke, inkokheli wadibana nobunzima kakhulu ukuyilwa le yunithi: imimandla apho akwazi kuyilwa le compound zazongamelwe ngabaMhlophe okanye ababeqeshwe yi umzimba angaphandle. Kukho iingxaki ezinkulu ukunqongophala kwezixhobo, iingcali. Ngenxa yoko, kuba yinxalenye epheleleyo amahashe kuphela ekuyeni ekupheleni kuka-1919. Ebudeni bemfazwe yamakhaya siya kusoloko kufikelelwa phantse isiqingatha senani angamajoni ahamba ngeenyawo kwezinye izenzo yokulwa. Kwiinyanga zokuqala imfazwe kakhulu ezinamandla ngexesha abakhwele umkhosi waseJamani kaThixo, kufuneka bathi, lubonise ngokwayo anako kwaye ngesibindi, ingakumbi i-Battle of eMoscow. Noko ke, kwakubonakala kakhulu ukuba firepower wabo akayi nayiphi uthelekiso kunye iindlela zale mihla imfazwe. Ngoko ke, inkoliso yezi amajoni kwayekwa.

Iron amandla umlilo

Zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, ingakumbi kwisiqingatha sokuqala, yabalasela kukho inkqubela ekhawulezileyo yasemkhosini. Kwaye eSoviet Union Red Army, kwakunye imikhosi yamajoni naliphi na ilizwe, igcwala bayawafundisisa amathuba amatsha uzobe olwenziwe intshabalalo liphezulu yotshaba. Lo msebenzi ubukhulu becala lula imveliso indibano-umgca amatanki 1920. Xa kubonakala iingcaphephe zomkhosi aye avelisa inkqubo yentsebenziswano imveliso ye elihamba omtsha kunye nezithuthi. Yiyo lo mba ahlala indawo esembindini kwi maphepha elihamba yokulwa. Ngokukodwa, njengoko uncedo engundoqo ngumothuko ochaziweyo, naphakathi izixhobo ezitsha ukuphawula ekomelezeni kwizikhundla zabo besebenzisa kuthinjwa uhlela nomkhosi kwi nzulu uhlaselo yotshaba.

Ukongeza, imikhosi itanki eSoviet kubandakanya iiyunithi amabutho zixhotyiswe kunye nezithuthi vehicles. Formation yomkhosi yaqala ngo-1935, xa zokucima vehicles, owathi kamva waba sisiseko kwibutho labasebenzi imishini elizayo. Noko ke, ekuqaleni kwemfazwe, ezi zihlanganisi kwafuneka ukuba apheliswe ngenxa ukulahlekelwa izixhobo. Kwakhona, le ithathele ngamnye kunye imikhosi kwamiswa. Noko ke, ekuqaleni konyaka wesibini lemfazwe yaye kuqaliswe unikezelo kwezixhobo iye yamiselwa ngokusisigxina, imikhosi imishini babuyiselwa, ubume babo wangena Panzer nempi yonke eSoviet Union. Oku kakhulu abadumileyo ukuyilwa kwalo hlobo amajoni. Ngenxa umthetho, ukuba siphathiswe nesigqibo lamaphulo yokulwa elizimeleyo.

ukundiza empini

Aviation - esinye amandla esinzulu kakhulu imikhosi exhobileyo. Ukususela moya yokuqala ukuvela kwinkulungwane yama-20, udibaniso lwe ezontathu baqalisa ukwenza ngo-1918. Noko ke, ngo-1930 kwacaca ukuba olu hlobo amajoni, nomkhosi kakhulu obuphantsi ngenxa uphuhliso olukhawulezayo kushishino lweenqwelo kweli West. Imizamo kwanokuphucula izixhobo kwi ekuqaleni Second World War wambonisa lonke amampunge zabo. Oomashini ye Luftwaffe, okunyusileyo phantsi zabo phezu ngentsasa Juni izixeko Soviet, wambamba ukundilalanisa ngokomlomo emkhosini. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ngemihla yokuqala yatshatyalaliswa malunga namawaka amabini iinqwelomoya Soviet, uninzi - emhlabeni. Kwiinyanga ezintandathu kamva, ilahleko imfazwe Aviation eSoviet baba ngaphezu kwama-21 amawaka moya.

I-okukhawulezayo yokwakha-up in kushishino lweenqwelo esivumelekileyo emva kwexesha elifutshane ukufikelela ukulingana esibhakabhakeni kunye Luftwaffe mlilo. Famous karma "Yak" kwiinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo wenza Aces German alahlekelwe ukholo uloyiso ngokukhawuleza. Ngomkhosi elizayo kwakhona eziphuculiweyo moya ukuhlasela, ukuhlasela, mlilo.

Okunye imikhosi exhobileyo

Phakathi kwezinye iintlobo izixhobo kakhulu indawo ebalulekileyo ngexesha Second World War wathabatha Corps zenjineli. Zona ukubeka izibophelelo ukwakhiwa iinqaba, izakhiwo, iingcingo, iindawo geni, zigcwalisa inkxaso yobugcisa, ngaphandle, abo babanceda ekudalweni zikho kwiinkalo wawusembiwa, ukoyisa iinqaba utshaba, imiqobo kunye nezinye izinto. imikhosi imichiza kwakhona banzi kakhulu imihlaba isicelo kwayo xesha, kuyo yonke unit yasemkhosini yaba amagumbi afanelekileyo. Ingakumbi, ayesebenzisa kulandele kwangulamntu lidangatye kwaye nomsi kwekhuselo.

Nasezirenkini impi USSR

Njengoko yaziwa, eyokuqala abalwe abaxhasi revolution - ukutshatyalaliswa zonke esondela esikhumbuza yengcinezelo eklasini. Kungenxa yoko le nto amagosa into yokuqala kwapheliswa, kwaye nayo - kwaye nokusukela isihloko. Endaweni yasebukhosini gaba ikhadi ingxelo izithuba zomkhosi ziye zasekwa. Kamva, le iindidi esemthethweni ziboniswe njenge "K". Kuba umahluko kwizikhundla kwasetyenziswa iimilo zejiyometri - unxantathu, irhombus, uxande, kubonelelo zomkhosi - tabs ngombala kwifom.

Noko ke, irenki ngamnye igosa nomkhosi kodwa awukabuyi, inyaniso ngakumbi Second World War. A unyaka phambi kokuba uhlaselo yaseJamani waphila "Jikelele" isihloko, "Admiral" yaye "Colonel". Emva koko babuyela beenkonzo phakathi kweenkonzo zobugcisa kunye nenkxaso. Officer njengengqiqo wamajoni, iirholithi kunye namanye amagosa ekugqibeleni wahlala kuphela ngo-1943. Nakuba kunjalo, ayizizo zonke eyayikho ngaphambi-revolution Russia ezintlwini zabuyiselwa kwi umkhosi USSR. Le nto yaba negalelo ekwakhiweni ezintlwini yomkhosi Russian, njengoko yasungulwa ngowe-1943, inkqubo esetyenziswayo namhlanje. Phakathi ezingafakwanga: non-wamthuma igosa bathe ezinkulu phoyisa, oyintloko Officer Lieutenant, uLt, umthetheli, kwaye lesigodlo amahashe, abasebenzi-rotmister, rotmister. Ensign ibuyiselwe kuphela ngo-1972. Kwangaxeshanye, Major, nto leyo tsarist eRashiya zaye zasuswa ngo-1881, ngokuchaseneyo, is back.

Ukuze ngokupheleleyo gaba ezintsha iquka ukuqaliswa ngo-1940 ye-USSR Army Jikelele, malunga nemeko nto ukuba isikhundla liphezulu eSoviet Union, oko kukuthi, isikhundla eliphethe. Eyokuqala abakuluhlu ezintsha ezinikezelwe eyaziwa iinkokeli amakhulu empi Georgy zhukov, KIRILL Meretskov kunye Ivan Tyulenev. Ngaphambi kwemfazwe, ngaphezulu amabini zakhiwa elikwinqanaba - iinkokeli zomkhosi uYosefu Apanasenko kunye Dmitri Pavlov. Ngexesha lemfazwe, isihloko "Jikelele Army USSR" akukho bucala de-1943. Ngoko ke zenzelwe ezizibeni zamagxa, leyo wagcinwa iinkwenkwezi ezine. Eyokuqala wafumana isikhundla Alexander Vasilevsky. Ngokuqhelekileyo sakhiwe kwisikhululo seeteksi komkhosi headed ezimbalwa.

Ekupheleni kwemfazwe eSoviet womkhosi USSR wababala elinesibhozo iinjengele kunikwa le isihloko. Ten Kubo bekukho sentlawulo isikhundla eliphethe. Ngowe-1970 isihloko babelwa akusekho ngenxa yegalelo lazo ebalaseleyo kunye sezakhiwo iLizwe loobawo, kodwa enyanisweni sikhundla, nto leyo ibandakanya kwisabelo isikhundla.

imfazwe eyoyikekayo - usindiso olukhulu

Ngu ekuqaleni IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, umkhosi eSoviet Union yaba namandla ngokwaneleyo, mhlawumbi ingenalo novelwano kakhulu kwaye eziliqela wabulela ikhanda amalungiselelo Stalin repressions kwizikhundla bomkhosi ngo-1937-1938, xa esinzulu gqitha wayetyedile ndikuyalela isakhiwo. Oku inxenye sizathu ukuba kwiiveki zokuqala majoni abatyhafileyo, kwakukho eninzi ilahleko yabantu, zombini yomkhosi zokunxiba, izixhobo, izixhobo kunye nezinye izinto. Nangona eSoviet Union kunye German butho ngokucacileyo hayi kwizikhundla ngokulinganayo ekuqaleni kwemfazwe, ngendleko abaninzi abangamaxhoba amajoni Soviet esoniwa kwilizwe lawo, waza waba loo feat yokuqala ngokuqinisekileyo ukukhusela eMoscow nokugcina isixeko imikhosi karhataka. Imfazwe yanda kakhulu ukufunda iindlela ezintsha ndlongondlongo, kwaye Red Soviet Army uguqulwe ngokukhawuleza kwi amandla professional wamajoni ukuba ekuqaleni ngengcwangu bakhusela emideni yabo ophantsi, kwanyanzeleka kuphela umdlali ukuphelelwa kakubi nezikhundla zabo, yaye emva Idabi Stalingrad Wajika ngamandla phambili bawasukela kude kotshaba.

Army eSoviet Union ngowe-1941 ibe abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezihlanu. Ukusuka ngokudubula ubuchule kaJuni 22, kwakukho malunga ikhulu elinamanci amabini lamawaka ngemipu kunye mortars. Ebudeni beminyaka enye enesiqingatha kotshaba kakhulu babekuthanda kumazwe Soviet yaye baya kwelizwe ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo. De mzuzu, wada weza Stalingrad. Defence kulwa umzi wavula kwinqanaba omtsha longquzulwano uyimbali wajika moya ehlazisayo ye utshaba abakwintsimi Russian. Ngaba amandla incopho umkhosi USSR kwaphunyelelwa ekuqaleni kuka-1945 - 11.360.000 mlilo.

empini

Ekuqaleni imbali obuzukileyo ezintlwini Red Army bazaliswa ngokuzithandela. Kodwa emva komzuzwana, ulawulo wafumanisa ukuba phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo kwi zihlandlo ebaluleke kakhulu ilizwe inokuba yingozi ngenxa yokungabikho angaphathi rhoqo emkhosini. Kungenxa yoko le nto intsimbi imimiselo ekhutshwe rhoqo ubiza inkonzo yesinyanzelo yasemkhosini ukususela 1918. Ke zokuphila baba nomkhosi pretty abanyanisekileyo zokudubula baba nyaka, mabutho - iminyaka emibini kule ezontathu babizwa iminyaka emithathu Navy - iminyaka emine. inkonzo Military eSoviet Union kulawulwa ngezenzo zomthetho elahlukileyo-siseko. Olu xanduva zithatyathwa njengeyona ndlela ebonakalayo intsebenzo umsebenzi wabo yoluntu ukuze akhusele ezweni yali.

Kamsinya nje kwaphela imfazwe, ukuba ukusiqonda ukuba ukuphumeza emkhosini kamsinya kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kwaye yiloo nto kungekho namnye ebizwa de-1948. inkonzo Military endaweni emkhosini zazisiya kumsebenzi wokwakha, kukubuyisela kwayo osentshona lonke eli lizwe efunekayo eninzi izandla. Emva koko ubunkokheli wakhupha uhlelo olutsha umthetho emkhosini, njengako apho omdala bafana ukuba iminyaka emithathu Navy - iminyaka emine. Ubizo lwaqhutywa kanye ngonyaka. inkonzo Military eSoviet Union lancipha ukuya kunyaka omnye kuphela ngo-1968, ngelixa inani leminxeba landa ukuya ezimbini.

iholide professional

umkhosi Modern Russian kutsho kwiminyaka zayo ukususela kumhla lokusekwa khompawundi yokuqala bexhobile kwi post-revolution Russia entsha. Ngokutsho data zembali, uVladimir Lenin isalelo kwi ukuyilwa Workers 'kwaye Abalimi' Red Army January 28, 1918. imikhosi German abahlaselwa ngamandla, kunye nomkhosi Russian kwakufuneka amandla entsha. Ngoko ke, ngoFebruwari 22 abasemagunyeni ebantwini wadanduluka ukuhlangula iLizwe loobawo. irallie ezinkulu-isikali slogans nezibheno nempembelelo yazo - amavolontiya ikhawuleze isihlwele. Ngaloo ndlela kwabakho umhla wembali mbhiyozo Usuku Army yobungcali. Ngaloo mini waza wagqiba ekubeni kubhiyozela umthendeleko Navy. Nangona, ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo, umhla ezisemthethweni ukuyilwa izithuthi uthathwa ukuba Februwari 11, xa uLenin basayine uxwebhu nokubunjwa kwayo.

Qaphela ukuba nasemva ukuphela lokuhlala eSoviet Union yeholide emkhosini, kwaye nangoku kugubha. Noko ke, kuphela ngowama-2008 intloko karhulumente, Vladimir Putin isalelo uqambe iholide kazwelonke iMini Wayekhusela iLizwe loobawo. ngosuku esemthethweni iholide yaqala ngo-2013.

Demoralization kunye nokonakaliswa Nomkhosi Council waqalisa, kakade, kunye ukuwa ezukileyo yelizwe ngokwayo. Kumaxesha eziprintiweyo 1990, umkhosi yayingeyonto iphambili ngenxa yobunkokeli lizwe, onke amaziko ayamileyo, izahlulo kunye nezinye ii-asethi safika senkangala epheleleyo, yabiwa kwaye athengiswe. Emkhosini ezibe imida yobomi, engenamsebenzi.

Ngowe-1979, i-yesicelo laqalisa iphulo lokugqibela zomkhosi, laqalisa ehlazisayo lukarhulumente enkulu - ayehlasela Afghanistan. IMfazwe, ngelo xesha sele kweshumi wayo wesithathu, ukulandelelana yobuncwane eSoviet sisazama emithini. Ebudeni beminyaka elishumi kwembambano Afghan, inani labantu ukusuka Union beluwe ezilishumi elinesihlanu lamawaka mlilo. iphulo Afghan, imfazwe ebandayo kunye ukusukuzana kunye United States phezu inxalenye ukugcwala zomkhosi egqojozwe imingxuma kwibhajethi, ukuba libeyise akwenzeki. Eyaqala ngo-1988, lo ukurhoxiswa imikhosi sele bagqiba urhulumente omtsha, kwakungenjalo mhlawumbi kumkhosi okanye mlilo yayo.