Kutheni sifuna iikhampasi? Imbali yemvelaphi yayo kunye nesicelo esisebenzayo.

Ikhampasi yinto yakudala, kodwa isakhiwe ngokwenene yoluntu. Lo mbandela unomdla kuba umdla wakhe wenziwa ngenjongo yesayensi. Iifomasi zazingasetyenziselwa ukuzingela, njengezaphetha kunye neentolo, ukuhamba, njengevili, ukupheka ukutya nokuhlambalaza izilwanyana ezinjengomlilo. Kuphela kwiBronze Age kwafuneka ukuba udwebe izibonda ezisezantsi. Ngoko, ngokuzama ukudweba, ukulinganisa nokwehlukanisa oku okanye isangqa, kufike ukuqonda kwinto yekhampasi kunye nendlela yokusebenza nayo.

Umlando wokubonakala kwekhampasi

Inkolelo ichaza ukuveliswa kwesetyhula kumqambi oyingqungquthela womntakwabo owaziwayo uDaedalus-Talos. UTalos wayehlala eAthene. Sekuneminyaka engama-12 waqulunqa igumbi lombumbi apho kwakunokwenzeka ukwenza izinto ezahlukeneyo. Ukuhamba ngaselunxwemeni lolwandle, iTalos yaphakamisa i-skeleton yeentlanzi, kwaye le nto yamqhubela kwingcamango yenye into eyenziwe - i-saw. Ngokudibanisa iintonga ezimbini ezifanayo kwi-hinge, uTalos waqulunqa ama-compass. UDaedalus wayenomona ngumbono wakhe womntakwabo kwaye kanye kanye ngokuhamba wamgxotha uTalos kwinqanaba lomzi.

Iingcamango zesayensi

Kukho enye i-hypothesis engakumbi yenzululwazi echaza ukuba kutheni icompass iyadingeka , njengoko le nto ibonakala phakathi kwezinto zabantu basendulo. Ukuze ucacise isangqa, bathabatha isikhonkwane kunye nentambo. Intambo okanye isiqwenga sokulingana sasinamathele kwintambo, kwaye ngoko ke isangqa satsalwa. Kamva, intambo yatshintshwa yincinci elincinane okanye iplanki. Oku kwenza ukuba kube lula ukucacisa izangqa kuphela zengqungquthela elinikeziweyo. Ekugqibeleni, kwaye le ngxaki yaxazululwa - kwelinye lamacwecwe aqhotyoshelwe omnye kwaye wawahlanganisa. Ngaloo ndlela, ikhampasi yokuqala yafunyanwa.

Ulwakhiwo lwekhampasi

Umgaqo wokusabalalisa kunye nesakhiwo sawo sasingatshintshi iminyaka emakhulu. Itheknoloji yesimanje yenza ukuba le fowuni ibe lula ukuyisebenzisa. Ngethuba lethu, ikhampasi inamalungu anjalo:

- umnini. Ingxenye ephambili yekhampasi. Injongo ephambili yomnini-mvume kukukhusela isandla kwisilayidi ngexesha lomzobo. Ngako oko, abanamalungelo abonakalisiwe okanye abaneempawu ezizodwa zeminwe;

- Iidodo. Le ngxenye ebalulekileyo yekhampasi, "imilenze" yayo. Abadwebi bezakhono bakhetha i-circus, apho iindonga zenziwe zinyithi ezinamandla. Oku kunikeza ubungqina bomgca kunye nempazamo encinci xa usebenzisa idivayisi. Kwaye kutheni sifuna icompass kunye neiplastiki okanye iiplanga? Kwizixhobo zezingane kunye nezikolo, ukuchaneka okuphezulu akudingeki, ngoko ke iikhompyutha ezinjalo zingenziwa ngeplastiki;

- inaliti. Kumele ibe namandla kwaye bukhali, ukuze ulungise ikhampasi kwinqanaba lokubhekiselele kunokwenzeka kwaye unciphise amathuba okusebenzisa islayiti ekudwebeni;

- Iimbuko. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iibhulo zintonga ze-slate zoxinzelelo ezahlukeneyo. Umqulunqo ukhetha ubunzima bokukhokela kuxhomekeke kulohlobo lomsebenzi owenziwa.

Ukusebenzisa ikhampasi kwijometri

Kwimpendulo yombuzo othi kutheni iifomasia zifunekayo, akukho mntu ucinga ngayo ixesha elide. Esi sifundo siyazi kakuhle kubafundi besikolo samabanga aphantsi. Into ephambili oyifunayo ikhampasi kukuba udwebe izibonda ezahlukeneyo. Abafundi asebekhulile sele beyazi ukuba ukujikeleza kungekhona nje ukudweba izibonda, kodwa nokujongana neengxaki ezahlukeneyo zejometri.

Ngokomzekelo, ukwahlula isigaba kwiindawo ezimbini ezilinganayo ngaphandle kwezixhobo zokudweba kunzima. Ukusebenzisa ii-compass, unokwahlula isigaba zibe ngamacandelo amabini afanayo ngokulinganayo. Njengoko kunokubonwa, ngenxa yolu hlobo, kuyimfuneko yokwenza amaphupha achaza iiphelo zecandelo ukuba abe ngamaziko okujikeleza. Ngamaqondo okuphambana kwezi ngqingili kunye neqhosha senza umgca. Ingqamaniso yomzila welayini kunye necandelo elinikeziweyo liya kwahlula le nxalenye ngqo kwisiqingatha.

Nantsi enye umzekelo wendlela ikhampasi. Masithi amacala omnxantathu ofuna ukwakha kumaphepha anikezelwe. "Ngamehlo" akunakwenzeka ukugqiba iingqungquthela ezilungileyo ukuba unxantathu unjalo. Ngoncedo lwekhampasi, kulula kakhulu ukwakha umfanekiso. Sithatha isigaba esilingana nelinye lamacala omnxantathu. Ukususela ekupheleni kwecandelo senza izibonda, idiresi nganye elinganayo nobude obucacileyo kwicala lendxantathu. Iziphambano zeesangqa ziba ngamacangca enxantathu esiyidingayo.

Ngoku unesizathu sokuba kutheni iibhasari zifunekayo. Imifanekiso echazwe ngasentla ibonisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo.

Ukusetyenziswa komlingo wokulinganisa

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, ikhampasi iye yandise ubungakanani bayo. Ngokomzekelo, esi sixhobo sifumaneka ngaphandle kokhokelo okanye ipensela - emilenzeni yomibini kukho iinaliti ezibukhali. Unokubuza ukuba kutheni ufuna icompass ngaphandle kokukhokela? Naliphi na injineli uya kuthi le yesoxhobo yokulinganisa ikhampasi. Akujoliswanga ukudweba izangqa kunye ne-ellipses, kodwa ikhona kwi-cut off off. Iyintoni injongo yombane wekhampasi? Ngaloo ndlela, unokwenza ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo imilinganiselo efanayo kumzobo okanye umaka umzobo kunye nezikrakra ezingabonakali kwiphepha.

Ukusetyenziswa kwekhampasi ngabacebisi

Basebenzisa iikhampasi kunye nabaphandi. Kuphela kukuba banomkhulu, kwaye umgama phakathi kwemivalo yayo ichazwe ngokuthe ngqo-ngokuqhelekileyo imitha enye. Ukuhamba kunye nekhampasi enjalo, umcebisi unokuchonga ngokuchanekileyo ubungakanani beqonga lomhlaba, kuba isiteyathelo ngasinye somqhubi wekhampasi enjalo lilinganisa imitha yesikwere.

Le mizekelo inikezela iqondo elincinane kwinqanaba lekhampasi. Iimpendulo, ezijulile kunye neenkcukacha ezongezelelweyo, zinokunikezwa ngababalo, izazi-geologists, iinjineli, abakhi kunye nabanye abantu.