Imfundiso Brezhnev

"Brezhnev Ikhona" saqala thaca kwiphephandaba "PRAVDA" kwi kude kuthi ngo-1968. Umongo iphambili mfundiso wamnika igama yesibini - ". Imfundiso ulongamo kuphela"

Ukuze siqonde eyona le meko, kubalulekile ukuba ubuyele emva Second World War, nto leyo iye yaguquka intsalela imikhosi eYurophu. Emva kokuba eSoviet Union wawoyisa Fascism, ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ambhalele iimeko ezithile emajukujukwini. Oku wabonakaliswa kakhulu ukusasazeka Socialism eNtshona Yurophu ekomelezeni indawo imikhosi pro-yobukomanisi kwi ephalamende amazwe afana eCzechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, njl Esasiya kuphela ixesha ukuze kulawulo zobuKomanisi yaye ngokukhawuleza usungule kumda wesangqa kwicala kwamazwe eliphezulu wongxowankulu. Amazwe eMpuma Yurophu ngenjongo yokukhulisa ulawulo ziye zadityaniswa umfelandawonye omtsha emkhosini - ATS - Umbutho of Warsaw iSivumelwano, oko eyaqala ngo-1955. Oku kuya ibangela ngakumbi lezopolitiko ebaleni: ecacileyo amaqela amabini alwayo, le longxowankulu yaye inkampu yali. Le ilizwi eminqubeni yali soloko wabuza iinkokeli eSoviet Union. Z Ilich Brezhnev, umgaqo angaphandle nabo othwele istampu yobuntu bakhe, kungekho ngaphandle. Yaba ikhondo elitsha, eyahluke evela ngakwicala abezopolitiko zangaphambili, njengoko yayakhelwe zibonise iimpazamo kukaStalin kunye Khrushchev.

Ziziphi iimpawu ikhosi? Umgaqo-nkqubo angaphandle of Brezhnev ngokuyintloko ingqalelo angenelela kunye disengagement evela kwiimpixano ehlabathini eshushu. Brezhnev nomonde ngemvelo kunye wezopolitiko kunokuba balumke, ukongeza, ekupheleni wobukumkani bakhe, emva kokuba nobetho, wazama ukuba angene iingxabano ezinkulu phakathi Anaki zeli hlabathi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, Z Ilyich uyavumelana kuphela, izisombululo ezicacileyo umnqwazi ngenjongo yokuzixolisa. Abo amalungu iqela kwiminyaka yakutshanje baye ngasemva Brezhnev akazange abe nobuganga ukuya kwinqanaba ngamazwe kwi-nkqubo yayo angaphandle - zithanda "ukulawula imicimbi 'ngaphakathi kwilizwe labo. imfundiso Brezhnev waba phawu enye ngaphezulu - ezihlangeneyo kwezigqibo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kwaba nabohanahaniso eqinileyo, ekubeni zonke izigqibo aba yinkokeli, kodwa uluntu lwehlabathi ukuba isigqibo aliqela amazwe. Kakade ke, ukuba ngaphandle kwakukhangeleka kakhulu ngakumbi lwentando yesininzi, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula onke la mazwe ukuba amaqela Warsaw iSivumelwano Organization, nto leyo ethetha - iphaphethi eSoviet Union.

Ngaphandle, ezi izigqibo exhaswa izandi ezincinane ezinkulu eceleni. imfundiso Brezhnev sakhiwa ubunye bezizwe zeMpuma Yurophu abo ngokucacileyo uyazi:-nkqubo bezinye iintlanga Union - yiyo nkqubo Ukusebenzisana yesigaba, nto leyo ithetha - ukulingana, ulongamo nokuzimela. Ngoko ke, zonke sezabelo ezigcinwe ngurhulumente yiSoviet, zaye ingqalelo kakhulu kufanelekile, kuba kwenziwa silandela ukulingana efanayo, ulongamo nokuzimela. Kwaye yeka ukuba maxa wambi ukuze ngokuphumeza amanyathelo ezithile kwafuneka ukusebenzisa bomkhosi wamajoni, njengoko kwenziwe ePoland, Hungary kunye eCzechoslovakia.

Enye umqulu apho imfundiso Brezhnev - ukutshintsha isakhelo ithuba ukufezekisa ubukomanisi. Kunoko, yena ubukomanisi, ezibe ukususela kwixesha V. I. Lenina, ngoku obizwa ngokuba socialism phambili, kunye nempumelelo yayo bolulelwa phambili kangangamakhulu eminyaka. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba ufihle ezininzi ukungaphumeleli kunye neentsilelo ngokubhekiselele kuqoqosho, ngoku akusekho abantu Soviet wathembisa ikamva eliqaqambileyo kwiminyaka elishumi okanye mabini. A ixesha nokuzinikela elide kwiSocialism yaphakanyiswa L. I. Brezhnevym ukuhlala ngoxolo nemvisiswano kunye namazwe yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso, umzekelo, i-nkulu. Oku ebangela ukunyamezelana Brezhnev ukuya kumazwe aphuhlileyo eYurophu, ukuhlangabezana esebenzayo nabanye babo.

Brezhnev imfundiso ukuza kuthi ga ngoku iye waveza zonke caricature kwabo kakuhle, kodwa yoma zenkulungwane lokugqibela ukuba kukho intshukumo anobuchule ezichanekileyo qhinga, elathi ukuthintela ukubethabethana phambili axhobileyo nokuyalela umgaqo angaphandle i-Union kwikhondo layo ngoxolo.