Cruiser "Indianapolis": inkcazelo, imbali kunye yintlekele

Ekupheleni kukaJulayi 1945 kwakukho zibalaseleyo intlekele emanzini kwimbali US imikhosi aselwandle. Nje phambi kokuba imfazwe, i Cruiser American "Indianapolis" lwaye torpedoed kwaye zitshone yi ngwenya Japanese. torpedoes ezimbini, ngwenya bekhululwe, kwabulawa oomatiloshe ngaphezu asithoba, anamanci.

Amavolontiya kule Navy

Emva kuhlukunyezwa loo moya Japanese walungiselela-7 Disemba 1941 kwi-US isiseko yomkhosi wamanzi kwi Pearl Harlbor, eUnited States sibanjwe nokubulawa yeSibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi. Phakathi kwabo amazwe Amanyeneyo wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqhutyweni kwemisebenzi yombutho elwandle, yaye amawaka amakhwenkwe yaseMelika, ukuhamba ngokomoya iintetho ubuzwe, wavulela nabo uvela radios kunye namaphephandaba, ebhalwe namavolontiya izithuthi.

Isizathu esikhethekileyo ngenxa yoqhankqalazo phakathi kwabo isikhululo anomsebenzi wayiguqula Cruiser USS Indianapolis, yaye oko kwenzeka. Wempi wasungula November 15, 1932, waba ngomnye iimpahla edume kakhulu futhi ezidumileyo. Uye ngaso zabo imigama Mongameli Teodor Ruzvelt. Ukuwela Ocean ebhodini, wenza utyelelo inkoliseko. Sinendawo Cruiser ukukhumbula amalungu ezininzi eentsapho yasebukhosini kunye neenkokeli kwezopolitiko zehlabathi.

Inqanawa nenduna yayo

Cruiser, nkqu ubukhulu balo babulingana nobuka kwindawo ezizodwa enjalo. Kwanele ukuba athi ukuba kumgangatho nako ukwamkela amasimi ezimbini ekhatywayo ngaphandle kobunzima. Ubude lilonke kweemitha 186 kunye nokususwa lingana 12775 tonnes. Le ngxilimbela swa 1.269. Main ugwayimbo amandla yayiquka imipu ezintathu ngeempumlo abanjalo 203 mm. Ukongeza, angazisebenzisa iquka inani elikhulu izixhobo kwi-kwibhodi kunye ezimbalwa nofakelo anti-moya.

Kwakhona abathetheli Ufanele, ngubani bakwazi ngokuchanekileyo kunye nexesha ukuzalisekisa nawuphi na umyalelo we-High Umyalelo, ngaphezu inqanawa wakwazi ukwakha igama elihle. Le yokugqibela yale wamiselwa ngoDisemba 18, 1944 Charlz Batler McVay - igosa abatsha imvakalozwi aqinisekisiweyo. Kunzima ukucinga ukuba yena umiselwe idalelwe ukuze akhokele Cruiser "Indianapolis" kwiphulo lakhe lokugqibela.

Ngomhla olwandulela nokuzaliswa imfazwe

Ngenxa yemisebenzi ibambene entwasahlobo ka-1944, iinqanawa US Navy kuphela nje weekhilomitha ezimbalwa kude nonxweme Japan. Kuba uhlaselo isigqibo kwakufuneka ukuba bagqwese sokufezekisa ogqibeleleyo - kwisiqithi Okinawa. Ezingqondweni ukuba isiphelo sisondele zemfazwe kunye uloyiso ekhawulezayo wavusa umoya oomatiloshe kunye kabini amandla.

Ngelo xesha abaphikisi babo kwimeko enzima kakhulu. I-Japanese ziye nje inxalenye enkulu fleet yatshatyalaliswa, waza wachitha izixhobo, kodwa yafikelela esiphelweni zonke reserve ekhoyo lokuSetyenziswa kwaMandla oLuntu. Kule meko ezibalulekileyo umyalelo yabo wagqiba ukungena wempi silo - yabaqhubi ekuhlaseleni, abanenzondelelo, elungele ukunika ubomi babo ngenxa umlawuli.

Kunyaka ongaphambili, iqembu moya Japanese abotshwe kunye neziqhushumbisi kunye swa kuhlasela ngokuzithandela US iinqanawa kwi Kwidabi kwiiPhilippines. Ngoko kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezizayo, ngaphezu kwamawaka amabini Ziyaqhubeka moya wenza nokuhlasela, ebangela umonakalo ebalulekileyo kwi-US izithuthi. Ngenxa meko ezikhoyo, umlawuli wayalela kwakhona sebenzisa-ezi zixhobo.

kuhlasela

La maxwebhu, i Cruiser "Indianapolis" yahlaselwa ukuzibulala ekuseni-31 Matshi. Flip kwakunzima kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba ayeke ukuhlasela ukuzibulala ukuba endizixunayo kuphela moya emoyeni, yaye kunokwenzeka njalo.

Phakathi kwemizuzu embalwa emva kokuqalisa edabini enye moya babanjwe ukusuka amafu sijinga phezu kolwandle, lingena isaphetha le Cruiser. Ukudubula ezilandelayo kwabulawa oomatiloshe elithoba, njengoko zabangela ukuba umonakalo banyanzelisa umyalelo ukususa inqanawa empini emsebenzini nithumele nokulungiswa ku San Francisco amachweba. Kodwa nangona zonke, isimo waba nombono, njengoko imfazwe waya kunyaka ophelileyo - 1945.

Cruiser "Indianapolis" yenza umyalelo ngasese

Njani ke waxelela nxaxheba Abasindileyo ezo ziganeko, inkoliso crew wayeqinisekile ukuba impi phezu kwabo, yaye emuva Japan kuya zisayinwe phambi kokuphela ukulungiswa. Kodwa isiphelo wawuthe ngenye indlela. Ekuqaleni Julayi, xa kwakukho ekulweni, umthetheli lwayalelwa ngokwesiseko apho US Navy Cruiser "Indianapolis" kwakufuneka uthathe umthwalo ekhethekileyo kuyimfihlo kwibhodi, eyihlangula ukuya kwindawo echaziweyo.

Kungekudala inqanawa izikhongozeli ezibini ziye akavukanga, leyo ngokukhawuleza yabelwa oonogada abaxhobileyo. Ngaloo mihla, akukho namnye oomatiloshe babengazi ukuba yintoni iqulethe oku impahla twisisaka, kwaye uninzi lwazo kwaye kange kwakuthetha yakulazi. Kodwa ixesha elithathiweyo ukugqiba ezo iintanda Cruiser, ngokwesiko, waya elwandle amabombo Hawaii. Wahamba nge ngesantya top of mathathu anane iyunithi, yonke indlela igutyungelwe ngeentsuku ezintathu.

Abathwali ukufa atomic

Ukufikelela i indawo yokuhamba, uCaptain McVay waye radioed bangadlulela Mariana Islands, ukuba kumgama amawaka amabini eemayile ukuya ngasentshona. Kakade indawo yajika ukuba kufakwe inani labo kwisiqithi Tinian. Kukho ukungqinelana izilumkiso ubuninzi izikhongozeli zaye zasuswa kumgangatho kwaye athathwa elunxwemeni.

Ngoku akukho mfihlakalo ukuba umphakathi uranium ngenxa enyukliya, enye yazo ilahliwe kwi Hiroshima ngeentsuku ezilishumi, kunye dubulo yayo, abatshabalalisa iingqikelelo angqingqwa ikhulu amathandathu amawaka abantu abanyanzelwa elaseYurophu ihlabathi, kwaye umyalelo Japanese - Agasti 15 ukuba zisayine isixhobo iindlela zokunikezela. Kodwa ke, le nto kusekho akukho mntu wayesazi, yaye abantu abakwazi ngqondweni zonke iziphumo Apocalypse yenyukliya. Kwaba sekunjalo imfihlelo yasemkhosini.

Ukufa ke Cruiser "Indianapolis" kwakhokelwa umyalelo afunyenwe umphathi ngoko nangoko emva kokuba ukothula izikhongozelo. Wayalela ukuba balandele kwintshona wePasifiki ukuya kwisiqithi laseGuam, uze emva koko kwiiPhilippines. Ukuphela kwemfazwe, yaye xa yafunyanwa crew "Indianapolis" umyalelo nje isimemo ukuhamba elwandle, hayi igcwele na ingozi.

Captain Imposiso McVeigh

Amachweba of San Francisco Cruiser "Indianapolis" ekhohlo ngoJulayi 16, yaye ngosuku olufanayo ukusuka pier wenqwelwana Japanese aselwandle cwaka wemka ngwenya, ngoko ngaphantsi inani I-58. induna wakhe Mochitsura Hashimoto yaba submariner onamava, mikhombe ngalo imfazwe kunye ibihlaba ukuba abulawe. Eli xesha wazisa inqanawa yakhe ukuzingelwa baseMerika, ogama ivuso woloyiso ekhawulezayo basoloko evinjwa nobuqili sabaqalayo.

Ngokutsho imithetho, kwindawo yokothula imfazwe ngeenqanawa ukuba andibhaqwa yi lweenqanawa ezintywilayo lutshaba, kufuneka sihambe zigzags. Nantso into ngemoto baneenqanawa kuyo imfazwe Captain McVay, kodwa kweyisa ngeenxa imincili ngayo uloyiso idlale amaqhinga kuye. Ekubeni kwakungekho ulwazi malunga ubukho kwingingqi lweenqanawa ezintywilayo lutshaba, ifune izinyathelo njengesiqhelo. Le frivolity mthetho kwalandela zajika haunted kuye de ekufeni kwakhe.

ngwenya zikwasukela

Kusenjalo, sonars ngwenya yaseJapan hlasi isandi wenza ngezikhonkwane cruisers, yaye oku makuxelwe ngoko nangoko umphathi. Mochitsura Hashimoto wayalela ukulungiselela torpedoes idabi kwaye ulandele umkhombe, ngokukhetha elona xesha lifanelekileyo lokuhlasela. Kuba crew le Cruiser eli phulo yaba yesiqhelo ofisi njengesiqhelo, kwaye akukho mntu kurhanelwa ukuba inqanawa yabo landela ngwenya yotshaba. Oku wavumela Japanese ukulandela ngasese baseMerika iikhilomitha ezimbalwa kakhulu.

Ekugqibeleni, xa umgama uvumelekile ukuba enze kulwa ukuqalela ngokuqinisekileyo olwaneleyo qha, a inkwili waseJapan ngokusesikweni torpedoes ezimbini Cruiser. A ngomzuzu kamva, Hashimoto ngalo eyepiece le periscope wabona shot ukuya bhakabhaka emthonjeni wamanzi. Oku lubonise ukuba omnye wabo ifikelele usukelo lwayo. Ukwenza zilwe ebufundisini, ngwenya engena ezinzulwini zolwandle cwaka njengoko wayebonakele.

intlekele

Ewe, okunene, ngelishwa oomatiloshe ukuba hit ngqo. I-dubulo kwindawo egumbini injini, wabatshabalalisa iqela lonke kuye. Emngxunyeni kwakhiwa wagaleleka amanzi, yaye, nangona ubukhulu zalo ezinkulu, le Cruiser enzima "Indianapolis" yaba enyanyeni ukuya ngasekunene. Kule meko, intlekele okukhulu, kwaye Captain McVay wayalela abasebenzi ukuba bayeke nqanawa.

lweenqanawa ezintywilayo Attack, eyaba isimanga ngokupheleleyo kubo bonke, kuqhuma kunye bands rock ezilandelayo ndayincamisisa uvalo Isiphithiphithi ndazana kwabatshabalalayo isitya. One amawaka, anamakhulu mabini ukuhlangulwa crew wafuna kwangaxeshanye masinxibe lifejackets kwaye ndileqeka emanzini. Okumangalisayo kukuba, kufunyaniswe ukuba imali zokunyibilikiswa-likaxakeka akonelanga - Inani labo ayingqinelani kwinani labasebenzi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, uninzi oomatiloshe elindele uncedo lalingayi kokuhlala ixesha elide emanzini.

Qala kuhlukunyezwa yeentsuku ezine

Ukuba phakathi amabala oyile omkhulu, umehluko jikelele Cruiser itshayiwe, abazibona ngayo umkhombe batshabalala, kude kube kutshanje uye wayiqwalasela ubuhle kunye iqhayiya American Navy. Bona ziphambi Cruiser ngokucothayo yaphazamiseka ecaleni layo, inxalenye impumlo iphelile ngokupheleleyo ngaphantsi kwamanzi, ibangela isondlo dlaka phezulu, yaye ekugqibeleni, zonke umkhombe, ngokungathi ediniwe imikhosi yokugqibela ekulweni kolwandle yazika ezinzulwini.

Ngale mini, kuba oomatiloshe alithoba basinda Japanese ukuhlasela inomzimba lweenqanawa ezintywilayo bawafikela embindini wolwandle ngaphandle isikhephe, ngaphandle amanzi okusela kunye nokutya, zenzeka nentlungu ngokwenene. Amaninzi nematha. Macala onke wafika ekhala uncedo, kodwa akukho mntu ukuba kuyo. Ubunokwazi bazobona iqela, umthetheli azama ukweyisela wonke ukuba kwenye iindlela eziphambili elwandle, yaye ngokungathandabuzekiyo kuya kufunyanwa kungekudala.

Noko ke, yonke into eyahlukileyo. Ekubeni ukudidiyela kwisikhululo sikanomathotholo wenqanawa yaye ababa ngexesha ukuthumela umkhosi sele yonakele, umyalelo fleet zange naxa oko kwenzekileyo. Kwisiqithi laseGuam, apho bamlandela Cruiser, ukungabikho yakhe bachaza utshintsho ke kunokwenzeka yaye abazange ukuvusa alarm. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba kudlule iintsuku ezine phambi kokuba yentlekele baba bomber ngempazamo ezirhwexu American obenziwa flight kwindawo onogada.

Ukufa phakathi sharks

Kodwa kuphela abambalwa esekhona unanamhla. Ngaphandle unxano, indlala kunye emzimbeni, oomatiloshe ebeliza kulwandle oluvulekileyo yenye ingozi eyoyikekayo - ukrebe. Ekuqaleni, lo komhlaba yamanzi yabonakala ephikweni ezimbalwa olunye, ngoko ke inani liye landa, yaye kungekudala lonke isithuba ngeenxa oomatiloshe ukukhasa ngokoqobo nabo. Phakathi kwabantu ndaqalisa ukuba ukothuka. Akukho mntu waziyo ukuba yintoni ekufanele siyenze nendlela Unokuzikhusela kwezi abaxhaphaza abangcangcazelisi olwandle.

A ukrebe kunjalo ebambe umsesane ukuqina ngeenxa amaxhoba awo. Emva koko wabonakala, ukhaba phezulu ngaphezu kwamanzi emlonyeni wayo evulekileyo, koko kwakhona wangxoka. Ngesiquphe, phezu isandi ngamaza, ukukhala shrill le babantu, yaye amanzi sele baqangqululwe. Nguwo lowo umqondiso sabanye ookrebe. Babebanjwe ngabantu singenamandla yaye bephila ngakumbi kusichulumancisa nzulu.

kuqhubekayo esibuhlungu

A esihogweni komthendeleko wayeka, ngoko kuqaliswe zingadlulanga iintsuku ezintathu. Of oomatiloshe ezisithoba nematha emanzini emva ntlekele kunye Cruiser US Navy "Indianapolis", phantse isiqingatha ibe lixhoba ukrebe.

Kodwa oku kongezwa enye ingozi. Inyaniso kukuba lo needyasi ubomi, ngalo oomatiloshe laqhubeka phezu kwamanzi, zibalwe iintsuku ezintathu. Ekubeni nokuchitha ubuncwane zabo, okroqiweyo ngamanzi kunye ukubagcina ezilahlekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, ukufa yaba kunqandwa.

Ukufika abahlanguli

Kuphela ngoAgasti 2, oko kukuthi, ngomhla wesine nentlekele abambalwa abasafuna wayesaphila, weva phezu isandi yeentloko moya. Fumana pilot wabo ngoko nangoko kwikomkhulu, yaye ukususela ngaloo mzuzu waqalisa ukusebenza awakhulula. Ide iimpahla eziphambili kwindawo apho kwenzeka le ngozi Cruiser "Indianapolis", wafika sendiza kunye, bemthomalalisile kwendiza yingozi phakathi amaza ugwebu, waba uhlobo pier bonke abo ikwazile ukusinda.

Kungekudala, indawo ntlekele kwafika iinqanawa ezimbini - umbhuqi USS Bassett kwaye inqanawa esibhedlele USS inzolo, owabanyusayo basindileyo Guam, apho wafumana unyango. Abantu 1.189 ebhodini, wasinda 316. kuphela Ezinye oomatiloshe lokonakalisa Cruiser "Indianapolis" ixabiso ophilayo. iintsuku 17 Kuphela eseleyo phambi kokuphela kwemfazwe.

Okusisiphumo se-sokugweba

Intlekele le Cruiser "Indianapolis" wabangela livakale ngokubanzi phakathi uluvo loluntu American kunye nehlabathi. Sasinda ke ububi bempi, abantu babefuna ukufumana ngoko nangoko kwaye ohlwaye netyala oko kwenzekayo. I-Ofisi yoMphathiswa lezoKhuselo yafuna ukutshutshisa kumthetheli McVeigh, ibala yokungakhathali lakhe lolwaphulo-mthetho, nto leyo ekhokelele inqanawa asenze emiselweyo kwiimeko ezinjalo, intshukumo amajikojiko waza waba lixhoba lula ngwenya yotshaba.

Xa isigqibo Tribunal, ebibanjwe ngoDisemba 19, 1945, umthetheli-Cruiser "Indianapolis" yaye demoted kuluhlu, kodwa wasinda entolongweni. Exakayo, ingqina kwityala bamenywa alimwi owayesakuba inkwili Japanese Mochitsura Hashimoto, kunalowo umthumileyo ukuya ezantsi Cruiser yokugula mkhumbi. Ukuphela kwemfazwe, kwaye ngoku iintshaba zangaphambili kunye ukusombulula imiba ebalulekileyo yomthetho.

usizi of Captain

Okusisiphumo se-sokugweba, iye yaba ngunobangela impikiswano eninzi. Kuwo onke amanqanaba, amazwi esola fleet umyalelo afune ukubeka ityala ukufa Cruiser "Indianapolis" kwi McVeigh omnye ukuze uphephe lozhivshiesya isabelo sawo uxanduva. Yaphela, Noko ke, isibakala sokuba kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz umthetho lobuqu wambuyisela isikhundla yakhe yangaphambili, yaye enye kwiminyaka emine emva koko, ethe ukuba umhlala cwaka.

Noko ke, ukuba ekugqibeleni umiselwe ukuba enye lixhoba, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekufeni Cruiser "Indianapolis". Ibali yokufa kwakhe yaba yintlekele ngokwayo okwangoku. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kule minyaka izayo, McVeigh rhoqo wafumana iileta ezivela kumalungu iintsapho abalobi, kuba ukufa ngawo wamangalelwa. Nangona yokuba wakhululwa ngokusesikweni ebutyaleni, abaninzi ayesithi ngumtyholwa iphambili lwesiganeko. Licacile elokuba, ezi zityholo bavumelana ilizwi isazela sakhe. Ayikwazi ukoyisa yayinjengentuthumbo yokuziphatha, ngowe-1968, uCaptain McVay wadutyulwa.

History of the Cruiser "Indianapolis" kwakhona abe isihloko sengxoxo ngo-2000, xa i-Congress US wadlula isigqibo ngokusekelwe apho McVeigh ishenxisa ngokupheleleyo zonke izityholo icala ngaphambili. Olu xwebhu is kuvunywe kunye utyikityo umongameli yakhe American , Bill Clinton, koko wenza ungeno efanelekileyo Affairs yomphathi abucala, zigcinwe kwiindawo ezigcinayo Navy.

Kwisixeko Indianapolis, ogama igama wamzalela Cruiser ofileyo njengentlonipho kuzinza sisikhumbuzo. Rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini, Julayi 30, imini xa iindlela inomzimba Japanese ukuphelisa le nqanawa zokulwa, eli litye lesikhumbuzo ezitsala bonke abathathi-nxaxheba ephila iziganeko ngaloo mihla kwakhona ukuba ukwabelana intlungu ilahleko iyonke. Kodwa ixesha lungenalusini, yaye ayisasebenzi kwaye ngaphantsi ngonyaka.