Alikhan Bukeikhanov: engobomi, izimvo zopolitiko, memory

Kangangethuba elide igama lalo mntu zavalwa, waza yena, efana kakhulu koogxa bakhe, ngokusemthethweni ingqalelo lutshaba abantu. Kodwa ixesha elide lo mntu kwisimo, yaye umsebenzi wakhe kwamenza malunga inzala nombulelo. Namhlanje a yezopolitiko omkhulu Alikhan Bukeikhanov, isikhumbuzo ibhiyozelwa ngo-2016 - omnye amaqhawe esizwe weRiphabliki Kazakhstan. Ngapha koko, phezu kwesibingelelo kokuzimela lizwe Central Asia, wabeka ubomi bakhe bonke.

Active sekuhleni, yezopolitiko eqaqambileyo, umbhali brilliant, umphengululi abanetalente kunye ngokuthanda intloko ... Kwaye ethnologist, isazi, yezoqoqosho, igqwetha, umphengululi - kwaye oku uluhlu olupheleleyo lwazo zonke iindima zakhe. Akukho eninzi imbali Kazakhstan uyazi babantu beli yobukhulu!

Namhlanje, kwincwadi engobomi bakhe kunye zokuziphilisa ukufunda kwizikolo Kazakh. Kweli lizwe, loo nto ithathwa iqhawe lesizwe. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, i-Kazakh kwiincwadi zembali yobuntu bakhe wachitha ixesha elininzi amaphepha. Ngoko ke, makhe ngokweenkcukacha ngakumbi ngobomi yale ndoda omkhulu.

Esakhula Bukeikhanov

Ubutsha senkokeli elizayo uhlanga indawo kwilali esemagqagaleni №7 Tokraunskoy Parish Karkarala kwisithili lommandla Semipalatinsk (kule mihla yesithili kuyo Aktogai of kummandla Karaganda). Kwaba kukhona oko wazalwa yesihlanu Matshi 1866 Bukeikhanov Alikhan Nurmuhamedovich, esiba eyamazibulo ukusuka kuyise nonina.

Usapho lwakhe fanele ku kwinzala Kazakh umthunyelwa मेसेजिंग ye torus, kwaye isihloko Chingizid Alikhan uyise wayenxibe ngeqhayiya. Liyinyaniso elokuba, nenala Bukeikhanov Tari_pedigree ebukekayo engenaso ekhanyayo. Usapho kwaba nzima ukufumana imali for ezibalulekile.

Ndakuba ukuqinisekisa ukuba unyana wakhe, iqhekeza oluthembekileyo lesonka, wanika abazali Alikhan Madrasah emva kokuphumelela kwisikolo kurhwebo Karkaralinsk. Kodwa iyakwazi inkwenkwe elibi kwaye ndafumana umgangatho wokufundisa sisweli, ngokuzithandela wajoyina isikolo Russian-Kazakh. Ngelo xesha, i Bukeikhanov oselula wayeneminyaka esithoba kuphela ubudala.

Ukukhutshwa weza ekupheleni koo zenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, xa ukwakhiwa swing ezipheleleyo kaloliwe eSiberia kunye nabasebenzi zobugcisa osezantsi baba kwimfuno. Baye walungisa eOmsk Technical School, ogama umfundi waza waba yindlalifa Genghis Khan.

Kodwa umsebenzi railwayman akazange umiselwe. Umfana abanetalente eqhubekile kwaye ifuimana ngezoqoqosho zorhwebo kwi-St Petersburg Imperial Forestry Institute. Ngaxeshanye, yena kakuhle uMthetho kwiYunivesithi (kwakhona St. Petersburg). Bephumelele iimviwo zokugqibela, Alikhan Bukeikhanov uqalisa mdala ofundileyo yakhiwe abafana - kakuhle nisekelwe nal yobungcali eneneni mihla, ngubani owaziyo iilwimi ezisithoba. Nalapho ke kwacaca ukuba lo mfana ikamva enkulu eliqaqambileyo.

imisebenzi yophando

Kubomi bakhe bonke Alikhan Bukeikhanov wakwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kuloo matutu ezine uphando ubhale amaphepha amahlanu ezinkulu zenzululwazi ngaphezu kwewaka amanqaku kunye namanqaku ezahlukeneyo.

ihlabathi engaziwayo ezininzi yaye etsala kuye, yaye, kwizifundo zezibalo lokuqala lokufundisa kwisikolo kwezolimo, yaye emva koko bethwele inkonzo ezenziwe ngokwemimiselo e eOmsk Technical School, uyaqhubeka ubone into entsha kwaye sizifundise. Ke, phezu kwazo zonke Bukeikhanov usoloko enomdla kwimbali Kazakhstan.

I yokuqala zobuntlola ezine kuye Tobolsk, apho wafunda umbuzo nokuhlaliswa Russian kumhlaba Kazakh. Kwaba nje emva kokuphela Ihlathi Institute - ngo-1894. Neminyaka esibhozo kamva, oko ndaqalisa ukufundisisa kummandla emathafeni - yaye kwakhona bedinga ngundaba-mlonyeni. Ngokutsho umyalelo karhulumente, leyo walungelelanisa siganeko, izazinzulu kwafuneka ukuchonga umhlaba ongenanto ofanelekileyo yokufuduka ezintsha.

Kodwa ke ngokuthanda oselula ukuba asebenzise olu lwazi ngendlela yabo. Zonke kokuba akubonileyo ke wakuva ngexesha zobuntlola, yaye kamva waba sisiseko imisebenzi yakhe zenzululwazi journalistic, apho umbhali wabonisa kwaye likugqinile kwindawo zihlelelekileyo Kazakhs ezweni lakhe lokuzalwa ngenxa ngabom nkqubo kunikwe kwakhona of tsarism. Ezi meko zinje akanakuhlala diki Bukeikhanov. Kubo waba "sick" kwabambana naye kwada kwasekupheleni kobomi.

Ukongezelela uphando orientation lwezentlalo-imbali, benza i-Prime Minister elizayo Kazakhstan kunye noqoqosho, imbali yengingqi, icandelo kwezolimo, izilwanyana njalo njalo. D.

umdla omkhulu, umzekelo, umsebenzi wayo enikelwe kummandla lokuvelisa emathafeni iigusha, izindululo nanto ukuzala ezi zilwanyana: phi yaye yintoni uhlobo baphumelele ngaphezu ifidi ukunakekela, etc ...

Abay: nolwazi imisebenzi imbongi

Ulwazi ukuba Alikhan Bukeikhanov Yayihamba kwilizwe lakhe lokuzalwa Kazakh waba isiseko xa besebenza umqulu weshumi elinesibhozo "indibano Russian. inkcazelo yendawo Full lommandla wethu. " Asinto nzima ndiyaqonda ukuba lo ngowona ezisingelwe ku Kazakhstan, kunye Bukeikhanov waba ngomnye wababhali. Kwicandelo yakhe, wathetha ngalo inkcubeko, indlela yokuphila, abacinga kunye inxalenye ngenkcazo yabantu Kazakh, njengoko imifanekiso bethatha usebenzisa zombini iintsomi kunye nomsebenzi lombhali, ingakumbi izibongo. Alihana Bukeyhanova nomdla kakhulu kwisihobe owayephila ngexesha lakhe - Abai, ogama umbongo "Kozy-Korpesh and Bayan Sulu" yena kuhlalutywa umsebenzi wakhe zenzululwazi.

Xa emehlweni umphandi Abay wayengomnye abameli ilungileyo Izilumko ezintsha Kazakh, wakhuthaza geqe Kazakhstan. Kwaye Bukeikhanov uzama yonke indlela ukugxininisa sendiselane zabo ne-Kazakh imbongi enkulu.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwixesha elizayo "kukhuthazwa" yi Abai kunye nomsebenzi wakhe nabantu ngokubanzi, waba umbhali kuqala ukulungiselela ukuprinta nencwadi yemisebenzi wembongi. Kodwa yokupapasha ingqokelela zezincoko Bukeikhanov kuthintele ukubanjwa, lwenzeka ngo-1905.

sekuhleni Active

Ngokutsho ulwazi, leyo ibonelela ngobomi esemthethweni, Alikhan Bukeikhanov kwasebuncinaneni bakhe esizibonakalisa njenge nani zoluntu esebenzayo. Ingakumbi zile iba ozise 1893, xa owayeyinzala Genghis Khan, ilungu kwemibutho eyahlukeneyo (ukusuka iincwadi economics), ebandakanyekileyo kwi zaqalwa, ahlelwe ngabafundi. Yilonto xa Bukeikhanov wasondela kuqala ingqalelo emapoliseni, yaye iwela uluhlu lwabantu njenge "olungathembekanga kwezopolitiko."

Ngokuthanda Young izibandakanya intshukumo yenkululeko yesizwe kummandla emathafeni yaye ekugqibeleni uba yinkokeli yawo. Oku ubukhulu becala igalelo esiyibona ubugagu Bukeikhanov. Abanye ababephila, wafumana ithamsanqa ukuba zibe iintetho zakhe, ukuthelekisa nabo imidlalo Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, ngokusoyisa ngamazwi athi phantse akukho ndlela obuphantsi kwabo ekhululekile nezivakalayo.

Ukuqala umsebenzi akrelekrele yezopolitiko

Ngokuqhelekileyo, loo mntu unalo indlela ngqo kwezopolitiko. Wahamba ngokuzithemba ecaleni kule ndlela. Ngowe-1905, Alikhan Bukeikhanov uba lilungu le-Constitutional Democratic Party (kabini) kunye namaphupha wokudala yasekuhlaleni (Kazakh) isebe lakhe. Kumsitho ukubanjwa kwentlanganiso kwisixeko Uralsk kunye Semipalatinsk. Kulo nyaka mnye wonyulwa namasekela kwi First State Duma yoBukhosi baseRashiya.

Kodwa ukumela iimfuno Kazakhs Bukeikhanov kwinqanaba eliphezulu karhulumente endingabawiselanga, kuba uDuma itshitshisiwe phantse ngoko nangoko emva konyulo. Ixesha waqalisa ukuvukela, iyahlozinga - Russian lawuzamazamisayo nzima ngenene. Amasekela bazama ukulwela amalungelo abo ngokupapasha Vyborg Manifesto bafuna ukurhoxisa ngokuchithwa tsarist Duma, kodwa imizamo yabo aziphumelelanga. Phantsi isigidimi igama Alihana Bukeyhanova.

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ngo-1905, i-sezopolitiko ngifuna, nto leyo zilandelwe kufutshana yi gendarmes, wabanjwa okokuqala. Yena icala lokwenza ukungathobeli yoluntu. Ukubanjwa yesibini ngo-1908, yaye eli xesha akaba nako ukufumana ngaphandle yokothuka lula. iimbono Political Alihana Bukeyhanova bavukela nkqubo ndlongo lobukoloniyali tsarist weRashiya, abasemagunyeni ingqalelo ingahimbiselani inkululeko kunye abathinjiweyo ntliziyo link to Samara, apho wayephila ekunene ukuya ku-1917, apho kubekho iinguqu ezinkulu kweli lizwe. Lo nyaka Russia uye waba ezahlukeneyo. 1917 phambi Bukeikhanov ithemba lokuba abantu bakhe baya ekugqibeleni kuba nako ukuzimela.

Biographers Bukeikhanov bakugqala umzekelo omhle tipolitiki namhlanje. crystal kwakhe ukunyaniseka nobulungisa, waqiqa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kude kube umoya lokugqibela lo gama kugcinwe ukuthembeka ilizwe lokuzalwa kunye nabantu bayo. Lo mntu ke omnye wabo baye kwezopolitiko hayi ngenxa iinzuzo zobuqu, kodwa ngenxa ntle yoluntu.

intatheli brilliant

umsebenzi Journalistic kunye journalistic - oku okhethekileyo, umaleko ebaluleke kakhulu ilifa Alihana Bukeyhanova. Esazi kakuhle ukuba ilizwi - isikhali ilungileyo, wazama ukuba bayisebenzise kangangoko kunokwenzeka nangendlela efanelekileyo.

Kweli thuba ukususela 1905 ukuya 1907 umhleli ukusebenza Bukeikhanov kumaphephandaba kabini Party "The Voice", "eOmsk" yaye "Irtysh". Ubhala amanqaku zabaphengululi for "New Encyclopedic Dictionary". Yaye ekubeni 1910 asebenza ngokusondeleyo iphephancwadi Kazakh-ulwimi lokuqala "Aikap" leyi kandziyisaka ubomi kwezopolitiko kummandla, ukuvuka iingxaki zemfundo, amayeza, inzululwazi, uncwadi, icandelo kwezolimo, yaye kakhulu ngakumbi. Yonke into emilebeni yoveliso oluqhubele Kazakh nezazi ixesha.

I-CTLI wokwenene ukuvuseleleka osezingqondweni yesizwe yaba iphephandaba "Kazakh", leyo Bukeikhanov wakhulula kunye namanye amanani esebenzayo zoluntu kunye iintatheli - kunye Dulatova Baitursynov. Igalelo Bobathathu kuphuhliso inkqubo yedemokhrasi ubuzwe ku Kazakhstan nzima ukuze zazi.

Hi ndlela leyi, uninzi zayo ezibonakalayo Alikhan Bukeikhanov epapashwe kwi "Kazakh" phantsi kwegama "Nyana emaqeleni" ( "Kyr balas").

freemasonry

Kukho ulwazi ixesha elithile Bukeikhanov ezisebenze ngayo kunye neengcibi. igama lakhe efunyenweyo memoirs ka Kerensky, awonisa okulinda Masonic "Ursa Minor" eSt Petersburg.

Ukuchaneka kwale ngcaciso ibonisa ukuba ukuba indalo le Samara iqela Freemasons zenzeka emva intlanganiso Kerensky Bukeikhanov. Ukongeza, kwakusazeka ukuba phakathi nxaxheba kulo mbutho yaba kabini ezininzi, ebeyinalo iqhawe eli nqaku.

Nakubakhi beendonga umzukulwana Genghis Khan wabona ngaphezu kwabo bonke namahlakani. ubuhlobo bakhe ukuba achaze ithemba uncedo ukupha lokuzimela ukuya Kazakhs. Ngomnyaka weshumi elinesixhenxe ukuba nkqu intloko Isibonelelo Government of Kazakhstan amisiweyo, kodwa kungekudala emva koko nakubakhi beendonga endleleni kunye Alihana Bukeyhanova saa, njengoko yokugqibela waqonda ukuba inkxaso neminqweno yabo ngumbutho akayi, linda. Njani ukuba alinde ngenxa yakhe, kwaye ukusuka kabini. Nabo kunyaka weshumi elinesixhenxe wathi ntle kakhulu.

Itheko "Alash": ingasetyenziswa kwithuba elilkunyeelayo lokuba umsebenzi wezopolitiko

Ukuphoxeka ezehlela Bukeikhanov, akazange kwaphula umoya wakhe. Wezopolitiko emva konyaka elinesixhenxe revolution leyo singabeki phantsi izixhobo, kunye vice versa - yaneka amaphiko ayo. Ekunye noogxa bakhe, kuya kuvela ngexesha ekudalweni iphephandaba "Kazakh", yena Uhlela, amandla entsha elizimeleyo ngokupheleleyo kwezopolitiko "Alash Orda" (Alash - igama jikelele izizwe zonke, eyagcina eyaziwa ngokuba Kazakhs).

Esi siganeko sibaluleke kakhulu kwimbali kwaye ubukhulu becala uzimisele okumiselwe Kazakhstan yanamhlanje mihla. Itheko "Alash" amadoda lokwenyaniso republic elimanyeneyo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, yaye intliziyo nemibono yayo kubeka nomnqweno ukuphumeza geqe Kazakhstan njenge yingxenye Russia lwentando yesininzi. Umbutho enamandla omtsha kuquka phantse umbala iphela Kazakh koongqondo ixesha.

Alikhan Bukeikhanov iphethwe iqela ukususela ekuqaleni kwalo. Ngexesha ukusebenza zezepolitiki ngayo ngeenkongolo eziliqela ziye zabanjwa, enye eyabakho 1918, kukho isiganeko ibonwe - owokuqala wathi geqe of Kazakhs. Kwaye ke umdali beqela "Alash" yaba ofisi liphezulu - i-Prime Minister of Kazakhstan!

Ngelo xesha, imfazwe ngakumbi yamakhaya ngakumbi zahlasela eRashiya. Country wehlelwa isiphithiphithi. Ekuqaleni Alash ordintsy balwa iiBolsheviks ecaleni abelungu. Kodwa xa ngoloyiso iSoviet, kwafuneka ukuba zithetha-thethane iqela ezizinzululwazi uxolo nentsebenziswano. Imeko "ubuhlobo" engundoqo, Kakade ke, ukuze kulondolozwe ukuzimela karhulumente usana. Waye wamkelwa abomvu, kodwa kuphela ephepheni. Enyanisweni, ukususela kwixesha nowokupheliswa ikhontrakthi Republic of Kazakhstan yaphela.

Ngoko ke, ixesha elifutshane Alikhan Bukeikhanov waya iqela "Alash", nto leyo yaba wokugqibela impumelelo yakhe kwezopolitiko. Nokufika amandla Soviet abanekratshi Kazakh wakufumanisa kuyimfuneko ukuba bashiye imo umsebenzi ngazo zonke iintlobo zawo.

Ingcinezelo nokufa Bukeikhanov

Ngaphandle kokuba Bukeikhanov ukususela kwezopolitiko, urhulumente oselula waseSoviet ngakubona njengendlela esiyingozi. Yena nqanda inkqubo entsha abaselula eSoviet kuba ukwabelana ingcamango kobuKomanisi. Ndidlala naye njenge ikati nge mouse, eli ukubamba, ngoko ukungavumeli evakalala.

Kwakubalulekile ukuze kupheliswe impembelelo ngunozala beqela "Alash Orda" ngenxa bakubo, ngoko ke, ngomnyaka wamashumi amathathu anesibini ka-ngenkani watshintshelwa eMoscow, apho benza kwinzululwazi, uncwadi, ezizwe; Ufundisa kwi eyunivesithi. Isithuba Alikhan Bukeikhanov wavumela "ecaweni" kuphela iLeningrad - apho ke naye ulindele umsebenzi wokufundisa. Kodwa ke eyona iminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu 'amakhonkco' yabanjwa elikomkhulu eSoviet Union.

"Mthinjwa" Kazakh ngokuzolileyo ngokuthozamileyo ilinti umsebenzi lwezenzululwazi, ukuqokelela iintsomi, wafunda imbali (i ngasese ukugcina uqhagamshelana bakubo kwaye eqondisa umkhondo komhlaba intshukumo inkululeko yesizwe). Ngu ukuziphatha wakhe ngathi akukho ngokupheleleyo.

Kodwa ngomnyaka wamashumi amathathu "ukuchetywa phantsi 'kwaye ingenzi ... Ngokuqhelekileyo, inkokheli yesizwe bangaphambili sele uphumile kwimpindezelo Stalin ngayo. Ngelo ngomnyaka wesibini-asixhenxe, Alihana Bukeyhanova wabanjwa, watyholwa ubunqolobi kunye wamashumi amabini ka-Septemba 1937 wagwetywa intambo. Xa ngeminyaka ye-Kazakh ngokuthanda uhlanga mntu ukunikela ingqalelo. Esi sivakalisi wabulawa ngemini enye.

Alikhan Bukeikhanov: usapho kunye nobomi lobuqu

Ubomi ngayo mzobo inkulu kwezopolitiko Kazakhstan ngayo kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini kuyaziwa hayi kangako. Kodwa ulwazi oko kukuthi, ngokwaneleyo ukuba baqonde - wayengekho mafu esibhakabhakeni.

Ngowe-1901 watshata Elena Bukeikhanov Sevastianova, ke intombi intatheli Yakova Sevastyanova, apho wayesebenza Alikhan Nurmuhamedovich ekupapasheni "Region emathafeni." Sele ngo-1902, esi sibini unentombi Kanipa (ngokusemthethweni - Elizabeth). Neminyaka esibhozo kamva, ngowe-1910, indlalifa uvela kusapho - unyana Oktay (ngokusemthethweni - Sergei).

Ngomnyaka weshumi elinesibhozo Elena Bukeikhanov ngesiquphe uyasweleka kwaye eshiya indoda yakhe kunye nabantwana ababini ezingalweni zakhe. Kodwa Alikhan waba ngumfundisi yaye wavusa abantu endilisekileyo. Bobabini waya ekhondweni likayise wakhe waza amanani zenzululwazi. Umzukulwana (unyana ka-Elizabeth) wafa edabini ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ixesha okwesibini ukutshata Kazakh ngokuthanda akazange. Kwaye phambi kokuba ekupheleni kwemihla yakhe, wahlala ethembekile ngequbuliso wemka umfazi othandekayo.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba akukho izalamane Alihana Bukeyhanova akazange "blacked phandle." Ziindlalifa umthunyelwa मेसेजिंग Kazakh wayeziqhenya igama lakhe, naxa kwakukho ingozi leyo kwakugcwele. Ke kaloku, emveni kokuba nokuvuselelwa enye abatshana Bukeikhanov efunyenwe kwindawo yogcino 'ukufa sentences ", iinyembezi ebusweni ustrimisho bakhe, yaye intliziyo yakhe azingce endaweni yakhe enkulu.

memory

Kodwa hayi kuphela izalamane nabahlobo inkumbulo Gazakh omkhulu ogama Alikhan Bukeikhanov. Isikhumbuzo seminyaka eli-150 ngokuzalwa kwakhe kulo nyaka kubhiyozelwa phantsi kwephiko le-UNESCO! ingqalelo kuphela embalwa ngokufuna ...

A Inani iziganeko icwangciswe yaye sele kwenziwe kwinqanaba lesizwe ku Kazakhstan, ukuzimela ogama ngoko ngokuzingca kwaye eyalwela Alikhan Bukeikhanov. Book kumboniso azinikele ubomi welivo, okuqhutywa uhlelo obungamaxwebhu le imisebenzi eziqokelelweyo, iinkomfa ezahlukeneyo, iisemina kunye okuninzi, uzakulungela kakhulu inzala nombulelo kwinkumbulo yendoda owazinikela inkonzo kwabantu bakhe.