IMfazwe: ngokufutshane malunga ebalulekileyo

IMfazwe, echaza ngokufutshane esi siganeko, nto leyo nayo nayiphi na kwiikhom- kwimbali yabantu. Kuyo yonke imibuso yomhlaba phantse iminyaka engama-40 ubudala ukhuphiswano nokudalwa esinamandla isixhobo nempukane. Omakhwapheni uhlanga kuye kwanyanzela abantu ukuba ukuhlala esoyika.

IMfazwe, oko ngokufutshane iziganeko eziphambili ziza kuchazwa ngezantsi, wathabatha becala indawo phakathi eSoviet Union kunye United States. amagunya ezimbini ezinkulu ehlabathini, yonduluka iminquba ezimbini - nkulu kunye yali, iziko ezimbini elinamandla. Yonke le nto yaqala kunye ukungaphumeleli eSoviet Union ukwamkela-ebizwa ngokuba "Marshall Plan." USSR Boyika ukuba amazwe yali iza kuba phantsi kwempembelelo eUnited States. intetho Churchill e-Fulton umoyisele zonke endaweni yayo: ekuqaleni ngeziqu evulekileyo phakathi-Anaki ezimbini.

Njani ebonakalisa? ungquzulwano Local i IMfazwe abukhali kwaye iyingozi: ntlekele Berlin uzigqibe nokuphakanyiswa ye-Berlin Wall - luphawu IMfazwe kunye ludilike, Cuba enomjukujelwa ubunzima ngo-1962 phantse kwakhokelela Third kweMfazwe Yehlabathi, iMfazwe yaseKorea iye yaba sisalathisi kwelinye ilizwe zingasasazwa njani uthi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, imfazwe Afghanistan uye waba ngumzekelo inkohlakalo, kwaye imfazwe eVietnam - enye ngquzulwano ezinkulu kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane.

Njengoko iMfazwe Yomlomo (ngokufutshane malunga iibhloko wadala) waba ngexesha lokudalwa zobumbano ezininzi kwezopolitiko ithi: iibhloko uphikisana eziphambili ezimbini - oku WTO kunye NATO, blocs kwezoqoqosho CMEA kunye eEC, kwakunye neebhloko ezahlukeneyo CENTO, kwisikrini. Akaphumanga kude kunye nenzululwazi: apho badalwa ezabo atom, lokuqala uvavanyo 'karhulumente' apho kwenziwa umsebenzi emfazweni yaseJapan ngo-Agasti 1945, xa ATM iHiroshima Nagasaki.

Kamva wadalwa in Soviet hydrogen. Ukongeza ekudalweni kwezixhobo wentshabalalo abaninzi, eSoviet Union kunye United States ukhuphiswano wokuhlola indawo. Ngoko ke, umntu wokuqala kwakukhona uYuri Gagarin yethu, kwaye umntu wokuqala enyangeni - Neil Armstrong kubo. Wabongamela kwendawo engaphandle kungathetha ekusondeleni uloyiso omnye okanye kwenye inkampu.

Phezu kwayo yonke loo ukhuphiswano kwi IMfazwe yayilixesha detente, apho izivumelwano ebalulekileyo uvavanyo komlinganiselo kunye nokuncitshiswa iingalo ziye zasayinwa. Eli xesha unalo ixesha ilandelayo: 1962/1979 biennium. Ngelo xesha, ukuba lwaqhutywa yi intlanganiso yokhuseleko eyaziwayo e Helsinki, apho yiSoviet Union emelwe Z Brezhnev.

Kodwa ke ngo-1979, iMfazwe Yomlomo ifumene ngeenxa entsha. Ngokuhlaselwa yiSoviet Afghanistan kwaphawula ekuqaleni empi Afghanistan. Isiphelo Cold kweMfazwe yenzeka ngexesha perestroika, xa uMikhail Gorbachev wabhengeza 'iingcinga lezopolitiko omtsha' yaye wemka amajoni Soviet evela Afghanistan. Yaba esinye sezizathu ngokoyiswa yiSoviet Union kugqatso kwezixhobo zomkhosi.

IMfazwe, ngokufutshane iziganeko iingalo uhlanga uqalwa iibhloko kunye ezifunyaniswe - konke oku kube yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yembali kwenkulungwane yama-20. Ukruthakruthwano phakathi kwamagunya ezimbini zehlabathi yaphela nya kwezopolitiko USSR kunye ekuweni kweminquba yali.