Counteroffensive yiSoviet kufuphi eMoscow. Yasungula counteroffensive kwi Battle of eMoscow

Xa imbali kukho amaxesha abangakwaziyo kwakhona okanye ilungiswe akukho mbali. Kakhulu ekwindla ka 1941, xa ehlaselwa, kwabonakala kulo lonke ihlabathi, kwakukho umbuzo wokulondoloza ingqibelelo yiSoviet Union, omninzi umgudu kuye gangalala ukuziphendulela eMoscow. Kwaye nangona meko sedrama, imikhosi fronts ezintathu Disemba 5, 1941 yaqalisa counter uxambuliswano butho Soviet kufuphi eMoscow. Ukususela ngaloo mini, ngokucotha kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ezixineneyo abahlaseli ngokungenalusini karhulumente ukuba imida esentshona karhulumente wethu. Kodwa akunjalo wacinga umsebenzi ukuba zifake i-USSR ngamaNazi.

uhlela Barbarossa

Summer 1941 kwaba buhlungu eSoviet Union. June 22 umkhosi ngokungenalusini karhulumente yaseJamani phula umda karhulumente yaye wafudukela imisebenzi esebenzayo ekhubekisayo. Xa intliziyo kokuqala kwekhefu German babeke abadume isicwangciso Barbarossa, yaphuhliswa Marshal Paulus. Wabiza ngokuba advance ngokukhawuleza imikhosi yaseJamani kwi inxalenye yaseYurophu waseUSSR, ekuthatheni yonke imizi emikhulu, kuquka ikomkhulu naseLeningrad (njani na kuthathwa ukuba idabi for eMoscow wayeza kuba ngomnye amanqaku zaguquka kule mfazwe yoyikekayo). Eyona nto iyimbalasane kule operation Paulus yakholwa lokufakwa eCaucasus ngokukhawuleza izinto kunokwenzeka ekrwada. Ngapha koko, isitokhwe yaseYurophu yesibaso iphulo elide Wehrmacht ayikwazanga kwanela.

Kufuneka sicacise ukuba stratheji kwesi sicwangciso ke kwangaphambili ngokukhawuleza kakhulu amaqela itanki enamandla ukuba babemele ukwambula ukuziphendulela iindaba oluBomvu Army eza kunqumla imithambo zothutho namadama ayo. Bekucingelwa ukuba nomkhosi German ngenjini, ukuhamba kancinane ngokucothayo, ndozitshabalalisa yokutyiwa iiyunithi zomkhosi ye-Red Army, owabakhoyo lahlaselwa tank.

Elihamba bayalelwa ukuba ukudala ekuthiwa-boilers, ngokunjalo ukufikelela unimpeded neeyunithi kwitanki supply ehlasela. Lo msebenzi waphathiswa kwiqela yomkhosi "Centre", phantsi umyalelo of Field Marshal Fedor von Bock. Kwakugcwele we-4 kunye we-9 Army, kwenziwa iqela itanki cover elihamba, leyo kwabunjwa evela-2 kunye namaqela kwitanki 3. Inani lilonke kumacandelo kwitanki yokulwa-olulungilyo kula maqela ngaphaya 60. Air yokwenza von Bock azigubungela 2 Air Force Luftwaffe, uniko manani malunga 1680 moya yokulwa.

Le ubuqhawe loonogada komda

Nangona ngokukhawuleza isalamane ukuhlasela, ukusuka kwiiyure yokuqala amaJamani esasijongene nazo nokumelana komsindo wonogada umda yiSoviet, owathi, Kakade ke, akazange akwazi ukuzibamba abahleli kwitanki ebelihlasela noxolelwano. Noko ke, iiyure ukuba nakuqwalasela baqhubeka ukuziphendulela (Yinyaniso eyaziwayo ukuba kwezinye iindawo, iindima ukuxhathisa smoldered iinyanga), wavumela isiqabu ukusuka imeko yangoku kwintlekele leeyunithi Soviet rhoqo kwicala yasentshona.

Ngamanye amazwi, le umlinganiselo 'ixesha - ilahleko "ukususela kwimizuzu yokuqala imfazwe yaqala ukusebenza nxamnye amaJamani. Ezi iingcinga ezivakaliswa memoirs ezinye njengele German ye-Staff Jikelele. Nangona ngokubanzi nto ayizange itshintshe imeko. AmaJamani nzima, kodwa wahlasela, batshabalalisa imikhosi kunye nezixhobo ze-Red Army. Noko ke, ngoxa bona ngokwabo ukubulawa okukhulu.

Ukukhuthaza nezwe

Imfazwe kufuphi Moscow elisembindini amaqela Army Group "Umbindi", kuthwalelwa phandle ngogonyamelo. German ezintweni vehicles igubu kuthinjwa imida emitsha ngakumbi nangakumbi, kodwa imiqolo kakhulu it is iphelile ngokwabo ezibanjiswe koobhaka umlilo imilalela. Kukho iimeko xa elungiselela ngobungcali zokudubula abalaleli kutshatyalaliswa edabini elinye kunye namatanki German-20.

umyalelo uHitler engazange anikele ingqalelo iingxelo okungaka evela yeenjengele zakhe. Kwakubonakala ukuba loyiso ebhegini. Nentlekele lithemba lokuziphendulela Red Army kusekho ukugqiba umoya ukongama lwamaNazi. Armada Junkers bayilungisa emhlabeni umzi unoxolo, kwaye abalwa abazange bangafuni nokuba asafuna amaqela amancinane iimbacu.

moya eSoviet, kufutshane imida ukuya phezulu, satshatyalaliswa phantse ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke, emva kweeveki ezimbalwa utshaba waziva entle bekhululekile esibhakabhakeni. Kodwa ke, nangona oku, zisekhona mlilo indiza. Njengoko kwimeko yokusebenza yomhlaba, ngomhla wama-22 Juni amaJamani ngenxa yakhe ndonakalelwa yokuqala moya. Kunye August 7 eSoviet Aviation elide-uluhlu amanyathelo wabetha uhlaselo lokuqala ibhombu kwi Berlin.

Iinjongo eli nqaku ayibandakanyi ukudluliswa amagama amadoda adumileyo kunye neeyunithi emkhosini, ezo ngobundlobongela omzimba, enxibe phantsi German ibutho kwindlela eya kwikomkhulu, nto leyo ithuba ukulungiselela balwe eentloko ezaxhobela Soviet kufuphi eMoscow. Amagama abalinganiswa, Kakade ke, akukho namnye uya kuze ndiyilibale.

Operation "Typhoon"

Kwaye ndifuna ukuba wazi kukuba mzuzu xa Wehrmacht yaba yeyokuqala ezoyikekayo, yaye ngokutsho kwezinye iingcali, inxeba enkulu. Imalunga imini, xa eSoviet counter uxambuliswano e Moscow. Kwaba ne lokufakwa ikomkhulu USSR Adolf Hitler wahlanganisa impumelelo enkulu blitzkrieg yakhe.

kuphuhliswa uye ekuqaleni Jikelele Abasebenzi imikhosi German umsebenzi okhethekileyo thatha eMoscow kuye, nto leyo codenamed "Typhoon". Esi sicwangciso ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa itanki "noxolelwano 'efanayo. iqela Three itanki kukothuka izicwangciso ukwahlula ukhuseleko Soviet kwaye kufika eMoscow evela imiyalelo eziliqela, kuphela ukuvumela elihamba ukungena ngokukhululekileyo kuwo umzi.

Ixesha elide ukulwa Uyalwa

counteroffensive Usuku kufuphi eMoscow 'ukuba usekude lee, kodwa ukusebenza lwamaNazi kwaqala nge-30 Septemba. Ingqongwe imikhosi Soviet ngasentshonalanga Vyazma, amaNazi izicwangciso intshabalalo yabo epheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, le abavikeli lomzi ukumelana komsindo batsale elihamba ka amaJamani, apho ukuxhasa iqela tank phambili.

Ke okona kubalulekileyo, amadabi ukuzitya Vyazma wavumela umyalelo eSoviet ukuba kakhulu tiyisa Mozhayskoe ulwalathiso ngokuncama loovimba ezintsha. Apha kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuba omnye weyona milenze ibaluleke gqitha yonke inkqubo wokhuselo, okwaye kwabonelela isiqalo ekhawuntaleni uxambuliswano kufuphi eMoscow.

isimo zokungqinga

Ngo-Oktobha 13 kuzo zonke iindlela eya kwikomkhulu, impi imfazwe. IKomiti Defence State isigqibo ngaso ngobungxamo kwenxenye amanye amashishini kunye zozakuzo eMoscow. Efanayo kakhulu Ephakamileyo Commander Stalin wala ukushiya eMoscow.

October 19 kwimo zokungqinga waphoselwa. Amawaka Muscovites bezele division of umkhosi wamajoni yesizwe, ukumba imisele omzimba, faka imiqobo antitank okhethekileyo. Ngokwamaqela imikhosi Soviet e Vyazma ziinzame kakhulu sikwazile bagqobhozile, abethe kakhulu wolula ngasemva German nasekomelezeni kakhulu ngokwayo Isakhiwo layo kwisahlulo ukuba wasivuna elikomkhulu.

ekundleni empini

Kwisiqingatha sesibini-Oktobha, amaJamani va ha ri isantya ekhubekisayo, nokuqhubeka ukudiliza eMoscow. Bamthabatha Orel, esibizwa zaze iindlela Tula. Nangona kunjalo, ingqiqo jikelele yokusebenza "Typhoon" ngokucacileyo ekhathazekile. AmaNazi abazange bakwazi phambi kubanda kakhulu ukufaka eMoscow.

Ekuqaleni November, xa Idabi eMoscow kwi "kwehla," Supreme Commander Stalin sacinga ukuba babambe umngcelele yasemkhosini eMoscow. Yaba intshukumo yezopolitiko kubaluleke kakhulu usisilumko yenkokheli eSoviet. Novemba 7 imikhosi zenzeka. bonke abantu eSoviet Union ngamandla niwuxhathisa siganeko kwadlala indima enkulu.

Amajoni, abathatha inxaxheba kumngcelele kuluhlu, wabona uStalin phezu rostrum le Umakhi. Kuye kwacaca ukuba zonke phambi ekulweni ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye isigqibo, nto leyo bachasele ungagqitheli ubunkokheli esiphezulu eli lizwe. Isimo lokukhonza phambi Red Army kwaba unprecedentedly phezulu. Sinokutsho ukuba kwedabi Moscow, counteroffensive eSoviet kwaye yokukhulula urhulumente amaNazi saqala apha, kwi-Red Square.

Ukudluliselwa amabutho East Far

Ukongeza, i wothuka krakra ngenxa German Jikelele Abasebenzi yaba transfer engxakeko izahlulo Far East, ezibe apho ukuthintela ukuhlaselwa Union Fascists Japan. inkonzo Soviet imfihlo waba umsebenzi eyodwa disinformation umyalelo Japanese, ngoko kwafika amajoni IiReggaeton kakuhle bexhobile ukuxhasa counteroffensive yiSoviet kufuphi eMoscow.

Nangona kunjalo, lo umyalelo waseJamani abazange siyazi yaye siqhubeke ukuphuhlisa impumelelo yokusebenza. Kwezinye iindawo ngaphambili amaNazi likwazile ukuza eMoscow phezu km 11. Kodwa nakuba enamandla ukumelana oluBomvu Army wema. Zaphela ekulweni iiyunithi German abakwazanga kwangaphambili ayisekho.

Le wumbe point

Ukususela-5 ukuya 6 Disemba ukuze amaJamani lasungula ekhubekisayo ukumangala imikhosi Soviet kufuphi Moscow, yaye amajoni ezaphukileyo yaseJamani siqhutywaqhutywa ukuya 150-200 km ukusuka kwikomkhulu. Iilahleko ekungenwe yi eliGorha kude Wehrmacht baba enkulu. wezabasebenzi Alone atshabalalisa ngaphezu kwama-500 amawaka abantu. Phambili baba amadabi abaziingwanyalala kunye neminyaka elide emine imfazwe. Kodwa sibange yokuqala umatshini ngamaNazi eJamani waba kuyo Idabi eMoscow.