Ecosystem - isiseko ngobukho zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni

iplanethi yethu sisityebi nobumnandi. Ukuba yinxalenye yehlabathi, umiwe iintlobo enezityalo nezilwanyana, ubizwa ngokuba zii biosphere. Kuba ukuqonda ngcono iinkqubo eziphila yabo intsebenziswano gama yaqaliswa omnye komnye. Kuyinto igama kubonisa ubuhlobo lwezinto eziphilayo kunye neemeko zokuhlala kwabo. Icandelo ngalinye nkqubo zixhomekeke ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kuwo enxulumene kunye nabanye,. Ngoko ke, nkqu ukungasebenzi minor nayiphi na into iya kubangela ukuba ukungalingani iqela lonke.

Yintoni i -ecosystem?

Nawuphi eziphila - indawo imvelaphi kunye nophuhliso yobomi. Nam ntsholongwane ziyakwazi ezikhula bodwa kuphela kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo kunokwenzeka khona kwayo.

Le nto iye akukho ubukhulu. Oko kukuthi, akunamsebenzi nokuba yintoni na into ekuthethwa, oko eziphilayo. Umzekelo, oku kwenza akukho mahluko ingaba indawo wafunda yolwandle okanye echibini encinane ayegqunyelelwe, okanye mhlawumbi i ehlathini okanye i Gobi entlango. Zombini wokuqala nowesibini, nowesithathu, nayiphi na enye --ecosystem. It is a elide waqamba eziphilayo, ukuba ngqo, phytosociology, A. Arthur Tansley. Yintoni yinxalenye yale mbono? Okokuqala, inkqubo iquka biogeocoenosis. Oku kuquka ngokupheleleyo zonke izinto eziphilayo ezihlala kokusingqongileyo phantsi isifundo. Okwesibini, icandelo abiotic, bonke nezingaphiliyo, kodwa nakanjani amacandelo kuyimfuneko: umoya, amanzi, ukukhanya. Nowesithathu - ingxenye kunqandwa kwabafileyo - lo mbandela efile eziphilayo, okanye kwezinye detritus.

Biogeocoenosis ne eziphilayo. ukuzinza kwabo kunye notshintsho

imithombo amaninzi abonisa ukuba ecosystem - na biogeocoenose nye. Phakathi la magama akukho imida ecacileyo. Indlela naphakathi eziphilayo, omnye ngokulula ugqithele komnye. Kuyinto kwezi nkalo umntu umele anikel 'ingqalelo ngakumbi kwaye balumke: naziphi na, nkqu ungenelelo lincinane kunokulonakalisa ezimbalwa iintlobo.

Iindawo impefumlelwano eziphilileyo nendawo zabo kunye nabanye, kwavela ngaphandle koncedo lomntu, - yendalo. Basimisela iyunithi oluzinzileyo enye, leyo ezendeleyo ingqikelelo homeostasis. Oko kukuthi, lo gama luphawulwa kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo onke amalungu oluntu. Homeostasis kuthetha ulungelelwano phakathi ukusebenzisa amandla kunye nezinto kunye kokukhululwa kwabo, intsalela phakathi ukusweleka kunye nokuchuma. Ngokomzekelo, izinto eziphila "iingcuka-nomvundla." Ukuba inani nomvundla "abantu" olukhulayo, iya kukhula nakanjani kunye nenani ezidla, ukuze kuvumela abavelisi isityalo amafubesi elide-phantsi. Nevuthisayo ngexesha ke, nokulungelelanisa izinto eziphilayo ezivela kunoogxa kwiQela yonke photosynthesis ezaziwayo.

utshintsho Ecosystem. indawo okwenziwe isiseko izidalwa eziphilayo

Ngenxa yoko, nayiphi ecosystem yonke imikhosi simelana naziphi na izinto ezikhokelela nokuphazanyiswa karhulumente yayo izinzile. Wazi ngqo ukuba isiseko wesitali ngakumbi, kokukhona ke ikhonkco lokutya, kokukhona ukhetho bakhe phindo.

Nayiphi na, nokuba ezisentlabathini okanye zasemanzini eziphilayo, ilungiswe apha ekuhambeni kwexesha. Umzekelo, amaqokobhe amaninzi esidibana kunxweme kweelwandle, uninzi lwabo bezisoloko emoyeni ngenxa ukutshatyalaliswa wenkumba lwabo ekuthiwa Rapan.

Okwangoku, ukusetyenziswa kwaye kuquka ecosystem artificial - le "ndoda-umatshini", "abantu ishishini" kunye nabanye. Ukuba kwezi nkalo Homo sapiens uyakwazi ukulawula iinkqubo ukuthatha indawo ngaphandle nobungozi ukuya yoko, iimeko zendalo ayikasebenzi.