Ukutshintsha entropy

Ujiko-magama eyaqaliswa ngo obizwa. Ukusebenzisa eli xabiso umiselwa umlinganiselo kwiintsali amandla. Nayiphi na inkqubo lifumana longquzulwano okwenzeka phakathi nobushushu amandla entsimini. Ukunyuka kobushushu kukhokelela bancipha iqondo odolo. Ukuze ubone umlinganiselo ukudideka kunye nobungakanani kuqaliswa ngokuba entropy. It olwahlula ukutshintshiselana kwemali eneji zombini kwiinkqubo ezivaliweyo nevulelekileyo.

Le utshintsho entropy kwiisekethe ekwanti lwenzeka ngendlela yokwandisa kunye nokukhula ubushushu. Khulisa ixabiso layo, lo umlinganiselo sigulo ufikelela imo luphawulwa lwesilinganiso thermodynamic, leyo yeyona ingalawuleki.

Ukuba inkqubo ivuliwe kwaye ngexesha elinye non-lizama, utshintsho entropy kukuba lithomalele. Ubukhulu eli nyathelo kule ngobuwena luphawulwa amabango. Ukuze ufumane summation yeenqobo ezimbini:
- entropy ekubhobhozeni ezenzeka ngenxa kutshintshiselwano ubushushu zingangeni kokusingqongileyo zangaphandle;
- isixa Isalathisi utshintsho intshukumo umbhodamo ngaphakathi kwinkqubo.

utshintsho entropy kwenzeka kuyo nayiphi na indawo apho iinkqubo ukuhamba eziphilayo, iikhemikhali kunye emzimbeni. Le meko ke ndaqonda ngesantya ethile. Utshintsho entropy inokuba ibe lixabiso elingqinelanayo - kule meko kukho ke ekungeneni kwabo isalathisi kwisistim ukusuka kokusingqongileyo lwangaphandle. Kusenokubakho iimeko xa ixabiso ebonisa utshintsho entropy kuchazwa i "thabatha". Eli xabiso ngamanani ibonisa nencindi entropy. Le nkqubo inokuba ukwimeko ngokuthe ngcembe. Kwimeko enjalo isixa eziveliswa ihlawulelwa ukuphuma index ye entropy. Umzekelo wale meko imeko a esiphilayo. Kuyinto ekhulelwa, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ngokusisigxina. Nayiphi ephilayo uyankwantya entropy ukuba ixabiso ezingalunganga eziyingqongileyo. amanyathelo bodwa disorder kwayo nako nokuba igqithe ixabiso ezifunyenweyo.

imveliso ye entropy kwenzeka kuzo naziphi na iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo. Ngexesha kwemvelo, ulwazi nokutshintshanisa iincwadi phakathi kwabo. Ngokomzekelo, xa amanzi umphunga, walahlekelwa ulwazi kwilungiselelo lwendawo molecule ayo. Kukho inkqubo yokwandisa entropy. Ukuba ulwelo bubambene, ukungaqiniseki indawo kunciphisa iimolekyuli. Kulo mzekelo, entropy kunciphisa. Ukupholisa ulwelo kubangela ukuhla amandla yayo yangaphakathi. Noko ke, xa lobushushu lifikelela ixabiso elithile, nangona ukususwa ubushushu ukusuka lobushushu yamanzi umbandela kuhlala ingatshintshanga. Oku kuthetha ukuba inguqu iqalisa nokuntlalutyisa. Oku kutshintsha entropy yinkqubo isothermal yale hlobo sikhatshwa ukuncipha randomness index amanyathelo kwinkqubo.

A indlela ephumelelayo balinganise iqondo lobushushu nobushushu ngxubevange into, ubambe umsebenzi, isiphumo apho - ulwakhiwo Ukuqinisa umzobo. Ngamanye amazwi, ngokusekelwe kwidatha efumaneka kwizifundo nga ukuzoba egopheni leyo ibonisa ukuxhomekeka obushushu umbandela ngokuhamba kwexesha. Iimeko yangaphandle kufuneka ifane. Ukumisela utshintsho entropy kunokwenzeka kwidatha yokwenza iziphumo womzobo nokuhlola. Xa ezigoso ezinjalo kusoloko kummandla apho umgca lokuphumla tye. Iqondo lobushushu ehambisana nalo ceke, nguye lobushushu Ukuqinisa.

Ukutshintsha nayiphi na into sikhatshwa inguqu ukusuka okuqinileyo ukuya kulwelo kwi lobushushu bume yayo, lingana lobushushu ukunyibilika, and vice versa, iquka utshintsho kwisigaba uhlobo lokuqala. Oku lutshintsha lexinene kwenkqubo, ayo amandla lwangaphakathi kunye entropy.