Ikomkhulu Karakalpakstan - Nukus. Izimele Republic of Karakalpakstan e Uzbekistan njengenxalenye

Karakalpakstan - kwiriphabliki e Central Asia, eyinxenye ye Uzbekistan. Indawo elimangalisayo engqongwe kwiintalango. Ngoobani na Karakalpak Republic ibunjiwe njani? na ibekwe phi? Yintoni umdla apha ungabona?

Republic elwandle esomileyo-up

Kummandla Karakalpakstan ise kwintili Amu Darya River yaye ifikelela kunxweme loLwandle Aral - kanye kunazo yesine ehlabathini. Le republic of Uzbekistan waduma kakubi. Karakalpakstan uye waba yindawo kwintlekele eziphilayo. Kumaxesha Soviet, amanzi kuLwandle Aral baqalisa ukwalathisa imilambo ukuba unkcenkceshele kwimimandla yonxweme. Ngokuthe ngcembe, waqala ulwandle ukukhula azinabunzulu owomileyo.

Ngaphambilana kuLwandle Aral kwakuhlala iintlobo ezixabisekileyo zeentlanzi, uninzi lwazo esetyenziswa kolu shishino. Kwakukho izityalo intlanzi ezininzi kunye neefektri. Ngenxa ukusetyenziswa ngqiqweni kwinqanaba lamanzi lehla ngonyaka ngamnye. indawo ulwandle ngokuqhubekayo ephumelele iyintlango, neekhemikhali ezisetyenziswa kwezolimo, sibekwe phezu kwamanzi, enza ityuwa kunye umoya kwindawo ityhefu.

Ngoku ke Republic of Karakalpakstan yaziwa ngokuba "kumangcwaba ngeenqanawa." Ngexesha yokoma kade yolwandle, iinqanawa ezininzi baye bahlala emi phezu ndawo. Ethekwini yangaphambili Moinak ngoku inqanawa enkulu umhlwa, ibekwe phakathi lamathafa eshushu.

Overview

Karakalpakstan i republic lobunganga, eyinxenye ye Uzbekistan. Ukuba lirhoxe lizwe, oko ngokwesiseko-zimvo. isimo iNkosi ivumela Karakalpakstan ngokuzimeleyo ukujongana isakhiwo solawulo kwiriphabliki, ngaphandle isivumelwano ne Uzbekistan.

Karakalpakstan zayo iflegi, imifanekiso, umhobe nkqu siseko kunye norhulumente arhente. UMongameli Karakalpakstan Erniyazov Musa Tazhetdinovich na isihloko sihlalo. kwintsimi Republic ukuba yahlulwe kwiindawo ezili-14, ebizwa inkungu. Ikomkhulu Karakalpakstan - Nukus - yinto iyunithi yolawulo eyahlukileyo. Yeyona isixeko inkulu kwiriphabliki. Ezinye imizi emikhulu Turtkul Chimbal, Khodjeyli, Beruni, Kungrad kunye Takhiatash.

Economy isekelwe phezu kwezolimo kunye namashishini. okuziinkozo belima (ingqolowa kunye nerayisi), umqhaphu, isilika. Yi imfuyo. Eli lizwe isityalo soda kuphela Central Asia, e Kungrad khabhayithi kuveliswa Hodzheylise na mveliso iglasi, ikomkhulu Karakalpakstan iye cable naziiperile mveliso.

geography

Enye kumazwe uninzi umdla Central Asia - kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo Karakalpakstan. Uphi Republic? Le ibekwe kwi the Turan nelezihlambo, kwintshona ye Uzbekistan. Empumalanga ngayo imingcele kwiingingqi ezimbini zelizwe (Navoi kunye Khorezm). ne Turkmenistan - umda osemantla kunye kumntla-mpuma we-Republic of Karakalpakstan sezabelo kunye Republic of Kazakhstan, i southern nomzantsi-mpuma Western,.

Intlango ukulidla uninzi kummandla weRiphabliki, oko kukuthi-80%. In ngasemntla i Kyzylkum Desert. Kumntla yelizwe endaweni oLwandle Aral, amatsha iyintlango - Aralkum. Le ibandakanya zesanti ityhefu iityuwa, nto leyo echaphazela kakubi kwimpilo zengingqi.

intlekele ecological enokuchatshazelwa kakhulu imozulu kwiriphabliki. Waba kakhulu elizwekazi imbalela. Ehlotyeni kushushu kwaye encinane kwemvula, ebandayo yasebusika kwaye phantse akukho nekhephu. Xa Amu Darya ogudle amahlathi zaselunxwemeni ikhula. Ezinye kwezityalo entlango efanayo - imithi kunye namatyholo.

History of Karakalpakstan

Ngomhla kummandla abantu Karakalpak banamhlanje abaye baphila ukususela kumaxesha Neolithic. Isiseko se Karakalpak zezizwe yobuhlanga Pechenegs waya, bahlala apha kunye Oguz ngazo II-VI kwiinkulungwane BC. Igama elitsha le uhlanga kwakubangelwa ukunxiba iminqwazi ezenziwe ngoboya emnyama.

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIV yenziwe Nogai Khanate, ebandakanya kunye Karakalpak. Kamva, yahlulelwe kwii aweza eziliqela. Kunye ezintandathu hlokondiba ulus Karakalpak bahlala yoLwandle Aral, kwaye ngo-1714 waseka yakhe Karakalpak Khanate.

Emva kokuba ekubulaleni Khanate of the Kalmyks yabemi iya Tashkent, yaye inxalenye lihlale esezantsi ye Syr Darya. Sise ungqameko olungezantsi komlambo kamva Karakalpak babe ngabalawulwa * uKhesare Russian.

Karakalpakstan Okulandelayo yinxalenye amaqumrhu karhulumente awohlukeneyo. Ngowe-1917, oko iba yinxalenye Kazakh ASSR, ngoko ingxelo ngqo Socialist Russia. Ngowe-1932 esizicelayo Karakalpak ASSR. Ngowe-1936, i-siseko weRiphabhliki yaba yinxalenye ye-Uzbek SSR, emva eSoviet Union wamshiya Karakalpakstan yalilizwe elizimeleyo phantsi Uzbekistan, kokusayina isivumelwano iminyaka engama-20.

labantu

In Karakalpakstan abantu malunga ne-1.8 million. Inani labantu yasezidolophini neyasemaphandleni ulingana, kodwa uluntu lwasemaphandleni nangoku mikhulu. Ngomhla kummandla Ukuzilawula Republic of nani liphezulu ubomi kwi Karakalpak inxalenye Uzbekistan (malunga 500 amawaka). inani lawo elipheleleyo imalunga 600 lamawaka. Inxalenye encinane yabantu abahlala Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan naseRashiya.

Inani Uzbek kunye Karakalpak Republic of Karakalpakstan iphantse efanayo. Kazakhs na uhlanga nokwanda iqela lesithathu. Ngaphakathi Republic kukho iilwimi ezimbini zesizwe: Uzbek kunye Karakalpak. Karakalpak ulwimi ezifanayo ngakumbi i-Kazakh, nto leyo ngokufuthi kubangela umahluko zezopolitiko phakathi kwabantu. Unqulo eziphambili Cartoon Islam.

iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo republic

Karakalpakstan ebizwa reserve zakudala. Kukho malunga esithoba iziza zakudala, ezifana ngokuqukunjelwa Toprak-Kala, obe ngexesha ukusuka mna AD ngenkulungwane IV. Kwenye indawo, Dzhanpyk Kala, eyayikhona ummandla kwiriphabliki kunye IX-XI eminyaka.

Phakathi ezikhumbuzo zakudala - inqaba yamandulo Kyzyl-Kala, Big Guldunsur, Janbas Kala. Last wabakho ngaphambi kwexesha lethu yaye oqingqiweyo inkcubeko Khorezm. Kukho kwakhona iindawo zokunqula. Phakathi kwabo Koykrylgan Kala. Esi sakhiwo zezindlu leemitha ukuya ku-80 ukuphakama, eyayisetyenziselwa ukunqula Zoroastrians, kamva wakhonza injengenqaba njengomqondiso.

Ngaphandle ezinomtsalane zokwakha, kukho kwakhona zendalo kweli lizwe. Okokuqala kwaye kwephambili kuLwandle Aral ukuba ziphambuke ngokupheleleyo abe emangcwabeni kwintlango baneenqanawa yangaphambili izibuko Moinak kunye Kyzylkum entlango. Okulandelayo ukuba umlambo Amu Darya thala Badai Tugay.

ikomkhulu Karakalpakstan

Nukus ukwakweli emdeni Amu Darya River kumbindi weli lizwe. Isixeko eziphambili uye bekungasoloko, ixesha elide kulo msebenzi lwenziwa yi umzi Turktkul. Elikomkhulu Karakalpakstan yatshintsha ngo 1933.

Esi sixeko likhaya malunga 300,000 abahlali. Yeyona inkulu kweli lizwe. Umhla ezisemthethweni lasungulwa ngunyaka 1860, nangona abaphandi bathi ukuba Nukus - isixeko kunye nembali elide. Zokuhlala phakathi komzi eyayikho kumaxesha amandulo. Nge IV BC. e. IV on n. e. apha apho Shurcha Fort, wakha kubahlali Khorezm Khanate.

I-Sea Aral ayikho kude, ngoko Nukus (Karakalpakstan) bafumana iziphumo eziyingozi yentlekele. Capital macala onke singqongwe iintlango ka Karakum, Kyzylkum kunye Ustyurt Aralkum - eli ezilulwalwa entlango. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ikomkhulu kwiriphabliki singqongwe entlango, Nukus - isixeko ngobunono kunye neentyatyambo.

iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo Nukus

Ikomkhulu Karakalpakstan abanayo eninzi kwiindawo ekhumbulekayo. Ezinomtsalane eziphambili esixekweni ke iimyuziyam. Enye yazo i Museum of Art ogama emva IV Savitsky, elingcwele, Russian avant-garde ukupeyinta kwinkulungwane XX. Le yaziwa ngokuba History Museum Berdakh. yomboniso wakhe kuveza uyafumana ezahlukeneyo ngabembi kweli lizwe.

Kufuphi idolophu Chilpyk isakhiwo zonqulo, elakhiwa ngenkulungwane II. Oku kubekwe phezu kwentaba-30 ubude kwaye imilo i ring evulekileyo ogama sangqa kuba malunga nama-70 eemitha.

Phakathi Nukus nomzi ndingento bokwakha Hodzheylis Mizdahkan. Kwakhona libhekisela iziza zakudala, njengoko Yakhiwa BC ngenkulungwane IV, kwaqhubeka de BC ngenkulungwane XIV. Esi sakhiwo lugubungela malunga namakhulu amabini yeehektare. inxalenye yayo, ezifana emangcwabeni, aphezu iinduli ezintathu.

isiphelo

Isiseko weRiphabliki Karakalpakstan i Asia uhlanga Karakalpak. Imfundo yokuqala karhulumente abantu kuqwalaselwa Karakalpak Khanate wadala kwinkulungwane XVIII. Ngoku Karakalpakstan yinxalenye Uzbekistan. A Nukus ngumzi yayo ephambili.

A indawo enkulu kwiriphabliki ehlanganiswa kwiintalango. Omnye wabo amiliswe ngenxa yokoma koLwandle Aral. Endaweni yawo ngoku Aralkum entlango entsha. Noko ke, kwimimandla eyintlango - ukuba asingabo bonke Karakalpakstan. Abantu kule ndawo bahlala kunye amaxesha zamandulo ngakumbi, ngoko kukho ezikhumbuzo ezininzi ngezakudala kunye bokwakha. Abanye babo wabonakala ngaphambi kwexesha lethu.