Ikhaliphe moya - ukuba ... Iintlobo ingqondo moya. Inhibition of ikhaliphe moya

ikhaliphe moya - a abasabela ngayo umzimba uphela okanye nayiphi na inxalenye yayo kwizinto ngaphandle okanye ngaphakathi. Abazibonakalisayo ngokwabo ngenxa yokuduka, buthathaka okanye ukomeleza kumsebenzi othile.

ikhaliphe moya - abancedisayo ngawo umzimba, akwazi ukuba usabele ngokukhawuleza naluphi na utshintsho uze uyamkele kubo.

indaba

Ingcamango reflex conditioner yaphehlelelwa yi-sobulumko French-nzulu Descartes. Thile emva, komzimba Russian Ivan Sechenov wadalelwa kwaye ngokomfuniselo wabonakalisa ingcamango entsha ngokuphathelele ngayo eziphilayo. Kuba okokuqala kwimbali amalungu, oko Kwagqitywa ukuba ikhaliphe moya - indlela leyo iqhutywa nje inxalenye umnqonqo. Kwincwadi yakhe, yonke luvo kuthetha. Oku kukuvumela ukuba uqhagamshelana kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Wafunda reflex Pavlov. Le Isazinzulu obalaseleyo Russian wakwazi ukuchaza indlela yintshukumo neuron kunye zifaka lobuchopho. Ngenkulungwane XX ekuqaleni, baba imfundiso ingqondo moya. Lo msebenzi yesayensi yaba revolution ngokwenene zomzimba. Izazinzulu waqondakalalisa ukuba ikhaliphe moya - yokusabela omzimba lufunyanwa kubo bonke ubomi babo, ezisekelwe phezu ingqondo unconditioned.

Kodwa wena ucinga

Iintlobo ezithile ze ikhaliphe olungenamiqathango ezenziwa for uhlobo ngalunye eziphilayo. Ewe kuthiwa nethuku. Ezinye zazo nelunzima kakhulu. Umzekelo oku ayanceda ngumcinga, ngubani oluxonxiweyo iseli, okanye intaka, indlwana olugobileyo. Ngenxa yobukho umzimba nethuku uyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa ngeyona neemeko zokusingqongileyo.

ikhaliphe Unconditioned are angaphakathi. Ukuba azuze. Ngaphezu koko, zabizwa udidi eziphilayo, ekubeni ziqhelekile onke amalungu sohlobo oluthile. Nethuku zisisigxina futhi qhubeka ubomi. Babonakala ezintweni eyaneleyo, nto leyo ziqhotyoshelwe intsimi esithile ithambe. Physiologically ikhaliphe unconditioned evaliwe esikhondweni ebuchotsheni kumphakamo yesebe lemfundo kunye umnqonqo. anatomically Babonakala oluvakaliswe le arc reflex.

Njengoko kuba inkawu nendoda, babonisa inxalenye enkulu ikhaliphe ezintsonkothileyo unconditioned akunakwenzeka ngaphandle inxaxheba neuron. Xa ukunyhashwa ingqibelelo utshintsho yayo zophendlo lwezifo kwenzeka ikhaliphe unconditioned, yaye abanye babo linyamalale.

nethuku yokuhlela

ikhaliphe Unconditioned beqine kunene. Kuphela phantsi kweemeko ezithile, xa imbonakalo kuba ngokuzithandela, ke ungalahleka. Ngokomzekelo, iminyaka ekhaya malunga namakhulu amathathu eyadlulayo, elikwiiCanary okwangoku akukho isazela kwindlwane. Ezi ndidi zilandelayo ingqondo unconditioned:

- I lokuyeka of self-kulondolozwe, nto leyo impendulo umzimba ukuba ezahlukeneyo zizinto eziphathekayo okanye imichiza. Ezo zibona, ke, kungenzeka ngokobulali (ukurhoxiswa ingalo) okanye ukuba nobucukubhede (ebaleka kude engozini).
- Ukutya lokuyeka eyayibangela indlala kunye onombilini. Le reflex unconditioned kuquka yonke kubekho udederhu izenzo ezilandelayo - ukumfumana ngamaxhoba kusihlasela waza waqhubeka esidla.
- nethuku zoMzali nangokwesondo enxulumene nokugcinwa nokukotshwa lweentlobo.

- Comfort ithuku bakhonza ukugcina umzimba xa ntumbuluko (ukuhlamba, ukunwaya, behlunguzela, njalo njalo).
- wemvelo kombisa xa Wajika ukuya amehlo isivuseleli nentloko. Le reflex kuyimfuneko ukuba kulondolozwe ubomi.
- I lokuyeka wenkululeko, nto leyo lubonakaliswa kakhulu ngokucacileyo indlela izilwanyana ekuthinjweni. Bahlale ufuna ukuyeka, yaye ngokufuthi kufa kuba engafuni ukutya kunye namanzi.

Ukuvela ingqondo moya

Ngexesha ubomi nethuku ilifa ukuba ukongeza abasabela ezifunyenwe. Zibizwa ngokuba ingqondo conditioner. Bona ezifunyenwe umzimba ngenxa yophuhliso ngamnye. Isiseko kuba ingqondo moya ngamava obomi. Ngokungafaniyo ezi nethuku basabela ngamnye. Mhlawumbi abekho kwamanye amalungu zenye ndingekho kwabanye. Ukongeza, i-reflex moya eqhelekileyo xa ufunyansiwe ukuba ngeke kuzinziswa ngokuhamba ebomini. Phantsi kweemeko ezithile oveliswa, esisigxina, iyalahleka. Le ikhaliphe moya - yokusabela ezinokuthi zenzeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, receptor edityaniswe kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Kulo abafani nethuku.

Indlela leli reflex conditioner uvaliwe kwinqanaba le neuron. Ukuba uyayisusa, lo kufuna kuphela kuhlala.

moya ukubunjwa reflex lwenzeka ngokusekelwe kwemibandela. Ukwenza le nkqubo ukuze kwaneliswe iimeko ezithile. Ngoko naluphi na utshintsho kwimeko bume lwangaphandle kufuneka zidityaniswe kunye nexesha imeko lwangaphakathi lomzimba palsy uthinte waqonda ngaxeshanye kunye basabela lwenziwa kokuphilayo olungenamiqathango. Kuphela kulo mzekelo, stimulus conditioner okanye uphawu into enegalelo ekwenzeni ukuvela reflex moya.

izibonelo

Kuba imbonakalo sokungamelani umzimba namathe ngexesha iithowuni iintshengece, neefolokhwe, yaye xa enkqonkqoza iikomityi ukondla izilwanyana (umntu ne inja, ngokulandelelana), kukho imfuneko kuphindwe kuqondana kwedatha isandi kunye nenkqubo ukutya.

Ngokufanayo, ithowuni lesangqa okanye ukuyivula ibhalbhu kuya kubangela abhetyebhetye paw lenja, ukuba la kwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ekhatshwa ukuvuselela yombane imilenze silwanyana, owayebonakele ngenxa ye flexion reflex uhlobo olungenamiqathango.

reflex moya i Betha umntwana nophethe ngomlilo ezilandelayo ekhala. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ziganeko kuya kwenzeka kuphela ukuba uhlobo lomlilo, nakanye, kungqamane nokutsha.

amacandelo ukusabela

impendulo umzimba kwizivuseleli utshintsho e ukuphefumla, secretion, intshukumo njalo njalo. D. Njengoko umthetho, ikhaliphe unconditioned ezi reactions kakhulu ezintsonkothileyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto amacandelo eziliqela ezibandakanywe ukwakhiwa kwawo. Ngokomzekelo, omnye reflex ukuzithethelela sikhatshwa intshukumo ngoyaba nje kuphela, kodwa ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, umsebenzi olukhawulezisiweyo kwemisipha intliziyo, utshintsho kumafa egazini. Oku abonakale kunye nempendulo ilizwi. Njengoko kuba reflex ukutya, kukho kwakhona yokuphefumla, secretory, kunye namacandelo sentliziyo.

indlela Conditional ngokuqhelekileyo lokuyivelisa isakhiwo unconditioned. Oku kubangelwa excitation le nokushukunyiswa lamaziko-luvo efanayo.

Ukwahlukanisa ikhaliphe moya

iimpendulo umzimba ezifuniweyo zizinto ezahlukeneyo lahlulwe ngokohlobo. Ezinye zokuhlelwa ekhoyo ingundoqo ekucombululeni nje iingxaki theoretical kodwa pfunaka. Enye isicelo data ulwazi umsebenzi kwezemidlalo.

Yendalo neyenziweyo asabela umzimba

Kukho ikhaliphe moya ukuba kwenzeka phantsi amanyathelo lwemiqondiso uphawu iipropati rhoqo nokushukunyiswa unconditioned. Umzekelo ngokukhangeleka, ivumba lokutya. iimpendulo moya abanjalo zendalo. Bona luphawulwa isantya kwaye odala ukumelana enkulu. ikhaliphe Natural, nkqu kungekho ukusekelwa engaphezulu engagcinwa ubomi. Ixabiso le reflex moya, kunye enkulu ingakumbi zokuqala ibubomi kumzimba, xa wayethimb eziyingqongileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, indlela eziza ngaphandle kunye nemiqondiso lingenandaba ezahlukeneyo ezifana ivumba, isandi, utshintsho ubushushu, ukukhanya, njalo njalo. E. Abangawo nokushukunyiswa in vivo. Oko ngayo ezinjalo kuthiwa ngumntu. Bona ziphuhliswe kancinci, kwaye kungekho ukusekelwa shwaka ngokukhawuleza. Umzekelo, ikhaliphe enziweyo moya womntu - yokusabela kwisandi yentsimbi, ibhola nolusu, buthathaka okanye ukomelezwa zokukhanya, etc ...

Umyalelo wokuqala nangaphezulu

Kukho ezinye iintlobo ze ikhaliphe moya, nto leyo akhiwa ngokusekelwe kwemibandela. Le into yokuqala-oda. Kukho iindidi eziphezulu. Ngenxa yoko, esisabela ziveliswa kwi ngokwesiseko ikhaliphe enemiqathango ezikhoyo, libhekisela abasabela ngayo ophum. Njani ukuba kuvela? Ekwenzeni ikhaliphe olunemiqathango okunjalo kwenzeka unyanzeliso nokushukunyiswa uphawu conditioner xa ebona ukuba kufakwe kakuhle.

Umzekelo, ngokohlobo call ubuhlungu yomelezwa kukusoloko ukutya. Kulo mzekelo, kukho uphuhliso reflex conditioner komyalelo yokuqala. Kwi ineziseko zayo indlela zinokudityaniswa nakwelinye isivuseleli, umzekelo, ukuba ukhanyiso. Oku kuya kuba reflex conditioner bolwesibini udidi.

abasabela ngayo ezilungileyo nezingalunganga

ikhaliphe moya ungakwazi kuchaphazela umsebenzi eziphilayo. basabele ezinjalo esihle. Ukutyhileka ikhaliphe moya lwe data kuba imisebenzi secretory okanye motor. Ukuba umsebenzi umzimba akakho, ngoko ke basabela zafakwa phantsi negative. Ukuze kwenziwe utshintsho apha naphaya iimeko rhoqo ukutshintsha lwendalo omnye, kunye nohlobo yesibini zibaluleke kakhulu.

Kulo mzekelo, kukho ulwalamano lwabo olusondeleyo, njengoko baxhaphaza abanye phezu isahlakalo olunye uhlobo lomsebenzi ngokuqinisekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa isandi umyalelo 'Ingqalelo! ", The izihlunu bakwimeko ethile. Ngaloo braked reactions mafutha (ukubaleka, ukuhamba, njalo njalo. D.).

Indlela wesiseko

ikhaliphe moya kwenzeka phantsi amanyathelo ngaxeshanye isivuseleli conditioner kunye reflex unconditioned. Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka agcwalise iimeko ezithile:

- reflex unconditioned eziphilayo ngakumbi;
- ibonakalisa stimulus moya, kancinci ngaphambi yintshukumo ithuku;
- isivuseleli conditioner ngokuyimfuneko exhaswa yintshukumo unconditioned;
- umzimba kufuneka bephaphile yaye babe nempilo;
- Qwalasela imeko yokungabikho zizinto esindayo, ukuvelisa inyathelo evasive.

Kumaziko le ikhaliphe moya zikwixesha neuron, ukuseka i uxhulumaniso okwexeshana (short-kombane) phakathi kwabo. Kulo mzekelo, i eku- ibonwa ngu luvo cortical, zona yinxalenye i arc le reflex unconditioned.

Inhibition kweempendulo moya

Ukwenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuziphatha olwaneleyo ephilayo, kunye nokukwazi ukumelana ngcono imeko yomnye moya akayi kuba ngokwaneleyo. Need ikhosi malunga amanyathelo. Bona ke inhibition le ingqondo conditioner. Le inkqubo yokunqanda abasabela ngayo eziphilayo apho akukho mfuneko. Ngokutsho kwithiyori oluphuhliswe Pavlov, ukwahlukanisa iindlela ezithile inhibition cortical. Eyokuqala kuzo ibhekisela kwemibandela. Sivele impendulo kwi intshukumo isimaphambili se nayiphi stimulus amazwe. Kukwakho unyathela lwangaphakathi. Ibizwa ngokuba imibandela.

inhibition yangaphandle

Eli gama, impendulo efunyenwe ngokunxulumene nesibakala sokuba uncedo uphuhliso yalo inkqubo othatha inxaxheba kuloo iindawo uthinte, leyo musa ukuthatha inxaxheba ekuphumezeni umsebenzi reflex. Ngokomzekelo, umntu wasemzini ivumba, isandi okanye izibane utshintsho phambi kokuqala reflex ukutya ukunciphisa okanye igalelo yokutshabalala. stimulus elitsha ingumqobo impendulo conditioner.

ikhaliphe Alimentary lupheliswe nokushukunyiswa ezibuhlungu. umzimba elekhtrons ikhuthaza indlela kuphuphuma isinyi, emesis, iinkqubo ezithintela ukosuleleka kunye t lwangaphakathi. D. bonke zinqanda ingqondo ukutya.

inhibition yangaphakathi

Oku kwenzeka xa lo umqondiso ifunyenwe ayixhaswa yi isivuseleli unconditioned. inhibition lwangaphakathi ikhaliphe moya kwenzeka ukuba, umzekelo, isilwanyana ngexesha lasemini phambi kwamehlo ngamathuba athile kuquka ibhalbhu yombane, ngaphandle ephethe ukutya. Kuye ngokomfuniselo wabonisa ukuba wonke namathe ixesha lingaya lisehla ngokwehla. Ngenxa yoko, basabela kucima ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, lo reflex liyalahleka ngaphandle, azafunyanelwa ndawo. Wamane iphutha. Kuye kwakhona singqiniwe ngokomfuniselo.

inhibition moya le ikhaliphe moya asuswe ngosuku olulandelayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba oku akwenziwa, indlela umzimba ukuba isivuseleli, ngoko ziyemka naphakade.

Imihlobo inhibition yangaphakathi

Bathi iintlobo ezininzi reactions ukuphelisa ezintweni. Ngoko ke, ngokusekelwe yokuduka ikhaliphe moya, ukuba nje angafunekiyo, oko wokubhanga kwiimeko anikiweyo. Kukho omnye ezahlukeneyo yale meko. Le elekhtrons esisisekelo okanye umehluko. Umzekelo, isilwanyana uyakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kwenani ibetha le Metronome, apho uya kuzisa ukutya. Oku kwenzeka xa reflex conditioner eziphuhliswe ngaphambili. YeZilwanyana ukwahlukanisa nokushukunyiswa. Isiseko sale reaction, yaye igcinwe inhibition lwangaphakathi.

Ixabiso abasabela ukususa

inhibition moya idlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi eziphilayo. Enkosi kuye, inkqubo lohlengahlengiso kokusingqongileyo kungcono kakhulu. Ithuba yokuqhelaniswa nezifundo ezahlukeneyo iimeko ezinzima unika indibanisela uvuselelo kunye inhibition ukuba iintlobo ezimbini ibe yinkqubo eyodwa zemithambo.

isiphelo

ikhaliphe moya, kukho zininzi anengqondo. Zezona into egqiba kwindlela esiphilayo. Ngoncedo ikhaliphe moya kwezilwanyana nabantu ukuqhelana kwindawo yazo.

Kukho ezininzi iimpawu ngqo reactions, okuye ixabiso umqondiso. Umzekelo, isilwanyana, ukwazi indlela ingozi, ngendlela ethile yakha ukuziphatha kwalo.

Inkqubo ukuyilwa ikhaliphe moya, ziphantsi ukuya kweliphezulu, Yindibanisela uxhulumaniso okwethutyana.

imigaqo esisiseko kunye nemithetho kwabonakala ekubunjweni hayi entsonkothileyo kuphela, kodwa reactions samabanga aphantsi, minye zonke izinto eziphilayo. Oku kulandela isigqibo esibalulekileyo ye-bulumko nenzululwazi ukuba ingqondo yomntu akakwazi ukuthobela imithetho jikelele eziphilayo. Kule nkalo, oko kube cala kufundwa. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ubuchopho bomntu iimpawu umgangatho kunye umahluko esisiseko kukusebenza kobuchopho isilwanyana.