Stirling Injini - Umgaqo ukusebenza. Le ephantsi-lobushushu Stirling injini (ifoto)

Stirling injini, umgaqo apho eyahlukileyo ngokomgangatho ukusuka njengesiqhelo zonke kwinjini yokutsha lwangaphakathi, okunye ngabokugqibela ukukhuphisana. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha elithile walibala ngayo. Njengoko le imoto isetyenziswa namhlanje, yintoni na umgaqo osebenza ngayo (kwinqaku ingafunyanwa nayo imoto Stirling imizobo ebonakalisa umsebenzi wakhe), kwaye ingaba likhona na ithemba ukuze zisetyenziswe kwixesha elizayo, bona ngezantsi.

indaba

Ngowe-1816, uRobert Stirling eScotland iye elilodwa lomenzi injini ubushushu, ogama namhlanje imbeko umsunguli yayo. I-injini yokuqala ashushu air yasungulwa phambi kwakhe. Kodwa Stirling isongeza abasiNdiswayo cleaner isixhobo ukuba le ncwadi zobugcisa kuthiwa regenerator okanye sokufudumeza. Ngenxa kuye, ukwanda yokusebenza injini ngexesha ubambe i kwiyunithi apha bubushushu.

Injini wavuma injini kunazo zonke ezikhoyo ngelo xesha, kuba akazange liqhuma. Phambi kwakhe, ezinye Motors ngxaki kwenzeka rhoqo. Nangona impumelelo ekuqaleni, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, ukusuka kuphuhliso wayo wehlile, njengoko iye ngaphantsi iindleko-ngempumelelo xa kuthelekiswa ne asakhulayo ngoko ezinye iinjini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi kunye Iimoto zombane. Noko ke, Stirling iye isasetyenziswa nangoku kwezinye mveliso.

itheyibhile ephindaphindayo lwangaphandle

Umgaqo intsebenziswano yabo bonke iinjini ubushushu kukuba imikhosi ezinkulu sikamatshini Kunokuhlala ucinezelo abandayo urhulumente eyandisiweyo kuba irhasi ezifunekayo. Ukubonakalisa oku amava enokwenziwa ababemelwe ezimbini ezaliswe ngamanzi abandayo kwaye ashushu kwakunye ebhotileni. Le yokugqibela nkxu emanzini abandayo, kwiplagi tube, emva koko zisiwe kwezo eshushu. Xa igesi ebhotileni uqala ukwenza umsebenzi koomatshini kwaye Ukubatywa kwiplagi. yangaphandle itheyibhile ephindaphindayo lokuqala esekelwe kwi-nkqubo ngokupheleleyo. Noko ke, kamva umenzi waqonda ukuba ubushushu ingasetyenziswa ukufudumeza. Ngenxa yoko, ukusebenza liye landa kakhulu. Kodwa oku zange kunceda injini ukuba kwande.

Kamva aphumela, oyinjineli evela eSweden, ukuphuculwa umnikelo uyilo iphela negesi shushu kwi njalo kunokuba umthamo. Ngenxa yoko, abaninzi iikopi baqalisa ukuba isetyenziselwe umsebenzi kwimigodi, kwiinqanawa kushicilelo. Kodwa amabutho, kuba nzima kakhulu.

Engines Ukutsha lwangaphandle kusuka Philips

Ezi Motors zezi ntlobo zilandelayo:

• ulophu;
• samanzi ulophu;
• Stirling.

Uhlobo yokugqibela akazange ukuphuhlisa ngenxa ukuthembeka ephantsi abanye amazinga aphezulu kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo leeyunithi yabonakala. Noko ke, ngo-1938, Philips uye waqhubeka nomsebenzi. Iinjini ezibaqhelileyo ejikelezisa kwiindawo neelektrofitsirovannyh. Ngowe-1945, iinjineli nkampani ziye abafumane ngenye usebenzise: ukuba isikhondo ukujija i-injini yombane, pholisa le intloko cylinder uyeza thabatha elinye anamanci asithoba degrees Celsius. Emva koko kwagqitywa ukuba isetyenziswe kwiinkqubo ifriji kwaphuculwa Stirling injini.

isimiso ukusebenza

Isenzo motor usebenza kwi lemijikelo thermodynamic, apho kwenzeka ezahlukeneyo lobushushu ucinezelo kunye nokwandiswa. Ngaloo ummiselo ukusebenza flow ulwelo ndaqonda iphumelele umthamo (okanye uxinzelelo - ngokuxhomekeke model). Nguwo lo mgaqo sesininzi aba matshini, apho unokuba imisebenzi ezahlukeneyo kunye namacebo zoyilo. Iinjini kungenzeka Buyisela okanye rotary. Oomashini kunye neeyunithi abo asebenza njengoko iimpompo ubushushu, Iicooler, umbane uxinzelelo njalo njalo.

Ukongeza, kukho iinjini-cycle evulekileyo, apho ulawulo budget wasinika kwemithambo. Ukuba kuthiwa iinjini aphumela, ngaphandle igama eliqhelekileyo igama Stirling. I-ICE Umsebenzi luncedo yenziwa emva pre-ngokuveza inaliti umoya kunye amafutha, ngokushushubeza umxube yahlaliswa oxutywe yokutsha kunye nokwandiswa.

I-Stirling Injini yokusebenza mgaqo iyafana: kwiqondo lobushushu ephantsi zixinaniswe, yaye aphezulu - ukwanda. Noko ke, ezahlukeneyo zokufudumeza lwenziwa: ubushushu ikhutshwa ukusuka ngaphandle eludongeni njengesilinda. Ngoko ke, ubizwa ngokuba yangaphandle yokuvutha injini. Stirling wasebenzisa utshintsho lobushushu ngamaxesha kunye piston ukufuduka. igesi yokugqibela esuka kwenye kwigumbi cylinder kwenye. Kwelinye icala, rhoqo kubushushu obuphantsi, yaye kwelinye icala - phezulu. Xa uhambisa i piston phezulu lihamba igesi ukusuka eshushu ukuya kwisisu ebandayo wehla - emva eshushu. igesi Okokuqala inika elininzi ubushushu efrijini, uze emva koko ukusuka imbawula ufumana kangangoko wabanika. Phakathi imbawula kunye regenerator ifriji ikhona - umngxuma ezele material igesi ekhupha ubushushu. Xa flow regenerator umva ubuyela kuyo.

inkqubo propellant enxulumene noko piston ngokuveza igesi engqeleni yaye sivumela ukwandisa apha bubushushu. Xa ucinezelo kubushushu osezantsi umsebenzi luncedo. Inkqubo yonke ubaleka imijikelo ezine motion uveza. Ngoko mechanism igeza liqinisekisa ukuqhubeka. Ngoko ke, imida abukhali phakathi amanqanaba komjikelo hayi emsebenzini, kwaye Stirling injini ukusebenza akuthethi bunciphe.

Ukuqwalasela oku kungasentla, isiphetho ukuba injini injini piston ezinawo ubushushu yangaphandle, apho ulwelo ukusebenza angazishiyi isithuba efakiweyo kwaye indawo. Stirling Injini imizobo ziyibonisa kakuhle isixhobo yokusebenza yaso ephambili.

iinkcukacha zomsebenzi

Sun, umbane, amandla enyukliya okanye nawuphi na umthombo ubushushu Unga nikeza amandla kwi injini Stirling. Umgaqo yokusebenza yomzimba wakhe ukusetyenziswa helium, hydrogen, okanye umoya. Umjikelo Perfect thermal unalo ngempumelelo enkulu kangangoko of ukususela mathathu ukuya amane ekhulwini. Ke uyayiphelisa indawo yayo regenerator olusebenzayo ingasebenza kwaye ngempumelelo ngaphezulu. Ngokutsha, ukufudumeza nobushushu okupholisa kubananisi zinika yakhiwe, ngaphandle oyile ukusebenza. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuthambisa ajikeleze injini kufuneka encinane kakhulu. Uxinzelelo avareji akwitankana edla 10 ukuya 20 MPA. Ngoko ke, ukuba ifuna inkqubo uphawu Obusemagqabini ithuba yeoli ongena egumbini ukusebenza.

iimpawu zothelekiso

abasebenzi abaninzi namhlanje iinjini yolu hlobo usebenzisa yesibaso solwelo. Ngaloo uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo elawulwa lula, ngokwenjenjalo kuncitshiswe ukukhutshwa. Ukungabikho semigudu inika operation cwaka. Amandla injini abaninzi efana kunye turbocharging, amandla ngqo ifunyenwe kwi imveliso lilingana index of the unit diesel. Isantya torque bazimele omnye komnye.

Iindleko zokuvelisa injini liphezulu kakhulu injini yokutsha lwangaphakathi. Kodwa Icacili phandle ukuba izinga umva kuloo msebenzi.

buhle

Naluphi na umfuziselo injini Stirling ineendlela ezininzi:

• Ucikizeko kwi kuyilo mihla ungaba kuze asixhenxe ekhulwini.
• Xa injini abe inkqubo ucinezelo eliphezulu, i camshaft kunye kwemithambo. Akunyanzelekanga kufuneka ukuba naphaya ngexesha lonke ixesha yokusebenza.
• Stirling akanaye dubulo kwi injini ukutshiswa lwangaphakathi, nto leyo umthwalo onzima phezu crankshaft, iibheringi kunye iintonga kokuxhuma.
• Njengoko azinayo oko, esithi: "injini bama."
• Ngenxa elula lesixhobo esebenza ixesha elide.
• Ibaleka phezu kweenkuni, kunye nuclear kwakunye naluphi na uhlobo zepetroli.
• Omlilo lwenzeka ngaphandle kwe enjinini.

ukushiyeka

• Luncedo xa uyilo na ukusetyenziswa kwalo izinto.
• Kulwelo ukusebenza ukuba lupholile, ngenxa yoko zobukhulu linokunyuswa kakhulu.
• Kuba ICE ezineempawu alinganayo kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa koxinzelelo oluphezulu.
• Ngokusebenza ubushushu umzimba kubonelelwa ngalo eludongeni sokufudumeza, apho conductivity limited thermal.
• Ukutshintsha amandla injini, ukutshintsha ivolyum netanki yesidambisi, uxinzelelo umndilili kulwelo ukusebenza, isigaba engile phakathi displacer kunye piston.

isicelo

Okwangoku, i-Stirling injini generator esetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezininzi. It is a umthombo ubhetyebhetye wamandla ombane e iifriji, iimpompo, lweenqanawa ezintywilayo kunye nezityalo ngamandla elanga. Kungenxa ngokusebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zepetroli kukho amathuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo kabanzi.

ukuzalwa

Ezi iinjini kwakhona waqala ukukhula kubulelwe Philips. Phakathi kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini kokuba utyikitye isivumelwano General Motors. Yena wakhokela uphuhliso Stirling ukuze zisetyenziswe isithuba kunye nezixhobo kwamanzi, iinqanawa kunye neemoto. Emva kwabo enye inkampani evela eSweden, United Stirling, yaba nenxaxheba kuphuhliso lwabo, kubandakanywa ukusetyenziswa kunokwenzeka iimoto abakhweli.

Namhlanje linear Stirling injini lisetyenziswa kwi Ufakelo Subsea, yesiqalo kunye nezixhobo elanga. Of umdla omkhulu kuyo sibangelwa ngenxa ngokubaluleka imiba ukuhla komgangatho wemo engqongileyo, kwakunye nolawulo ingxolo. E Canada ne-United States, Germany nase France, kunye Japan ngenkuthalo sifuna ukuphuhlisa nokuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwayo.

elizayo

izinto ezicacileyo ene-piston kunye injini rotary ye-Stirling owakhiwa ebomini ngenkonzo ende, ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha ezahlukeneyo, ingxolo eliphantsi kunye zinetyhefu esezantsi, lwenza ibe ethembisa kakhulu lwangaphakathi injini yokutsha ngemvelaphi. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi ngawo onke amaxesha ukuba ngcono, mayingabi sakhululwa lula kuthathwe. Kunjalo, le injini namhlanje usesikhundleni ephambili, uthabathe kubo kwixa elizayo akanazinjongo.