Le arc reflex

arc reflex - na indlela idlule le luvo angxamele ukuba umzimba ukusebenza phezu receptors kunye umva. It iqulathe iziqingatha ezibini. Ukuba entsonkothileyo lwezakhiwo kunye ezisebenzayo esimbaxa reflex arc i isangqa esivalekileyo.

Kukhokelela isiqingatha nto ibandakanya neuron yoluvo nemizwa. iseli lakhe livela kwi ganglia nomqolo okanye intervertebral. Isuka ukusuka liyohluleka ibe kwamasebe amabini kuhluma. Enye inxalenye yawo njengokuba inxenye luvo yoluvo ukuya kwimiphetho kunye iziphelo kuyo nayiphi na indawo eluswini, izicwili enzulu okanye inwebu kwiinwebu i-terminal device. Isebe yesibini yinxalenye, mazifakwe kwi-amaphiko iingcambu umnqonqo.

I-luvo ngokoluvo oko ukwenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ezinye yimbi hayi ngovimba, beza kulo Oblongata Medulla. Abanye kuphela kulo mbandela hina. Ngelo xesha ngalinye neuron oluvo kwi kweziyobisi umnqonqo kumka kumacala ahlukeneyo okanye amasebe collaterals. Ezinye zazo zinendlela ezihambe ngayo lo mbandela ezingwevu kwiiseli mafutha ngaphakathi sobuKristu uphondo kunye nesiphelo namasebe. iphela nje kwaye motor neuron engundoqo. Ukufana ayikho abafowunelwa ngengozi. Oku kungenxa yokuba i arc reflex kwinxalenye esineemvakalelo ngokudlala indima efanayo nendlela pyramidal.

Ukuphambukisa yinxalenye iqulathe yoluvo motor neuron. iseli lakhe siyifumana iimpondo Icipande mba ezingwevu umnqonqo. Ngenxa yoko inkqubo ihambisa ukuya lokuqala izihlunu emqolo (motor ngaphambili), ngoko ngokusebenzisa luvo peripheral.

Scheme reflex arc idolo reflex kuquka uqhuba eqalisiweyo neziphelo Imisipha zemithambo-luvo ngenxa yempembelelo lwangaphandle (ifuthe ngesando). Nokurhawuzela ye-luvo femoral ongena umnqonqo. Ukususela kule excitation ezidluliselwa iiseli mafutha yalo mba zingwevu, kwaye ngakumbi - ku kwezihlunu. Ngenxa Ukwehla yayo kwenzeka nokolula imilenze yakhe entlanganweni emadolweni.

Zombini iihafu leyo iqulathe arc reflex, ndadibana nenye.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba umsebenzi reflex kubonakala ukuba uzimele abazilawulayo ngokunxulumene ingqondo, oko akunjalo. indlela Pyramidal kukwabandakanya amasebe terminal yokuhlala perednerogovuyu. Ngenxa yoko, ngandlel 'ithile ezifikelela ngayo arc reflex, kusenziwa udibane nazo.

Ngokunxulumene yayo imisebenzi umsebenzi neuron isikhungo decelerating. Ngokukodwa, kumayelana i ingqondo imicu.

Ngenxa izihlunu phantsi kweempembelelo iimvakalelo iintambo, nto leyo equka i arc reflex, ngoko, ukusuka kwindawo yeengcingane lwembono, ngamnye kubo kungabangela motor reflex. Ngaphezu koko nezakhiwo, kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba kukho ukwehla ebandakanya integers ezintsonkothileyo muskulaturnye iqela.

Ngoko ke, kufuneka ube kakhulu isixa esikhulu isondlo ingqondo motor kunokwenzeka. Noko ke, xa kusenziwa, ukuba incinane kakhulu. Mhlawumbi oku kubangelwa inhibition obonakalayo (kwezinye iimeko ukuya intshabalalo) ngu ingqondo pyramidal.

Amacandelo jike reflex zezi:

- receptor, eqaphela of nqgo kwaye uyayiguqulela ube amaza-luvo;

- afferent endleleni esiqala ulwazi lokuqala lokuqhubeka sabelo CNS;

- Centre "impendulo" (a iseti zemithambo-luvo, apho ulwazi luyasetyenzwa kwakhiwa reflex);

- efferent siyindlela kwimida kwenkqubo luvo;

- actuator (intsimbi okanye kwezihlunu);

- ingxelo.

Kuxhomekeka kubunzima, isindululo evaliweyo luvo ngokwentshukumisa kunokuba elula. Kulo mzekelo, inxalenye i arc reflex ibandakanya luvo amabini (motor kunye nemvakalelo). inkqubo Complex ebizwa arc polysynaptic. It iqulathe luvo ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu.