I-organoids yamaselula kunye nemisebenzi yabo: ukungafani, imisebenzi kunye neepropati

Isisele iyunithi yobomi kwiplanethi yethu, akukho bukho ngaphandle kweseli. Yingakho zonke iimpawu zomsebenzi obalulekileyo wezinto eziphilayo zichongiwe ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zeeseli ezichonga i-organoids yeseli kunye nemisebenzi yazo.

Kwimihlaba emininzi yeeseli, ezibaluleke kakhulu kukuba: isakhiwo esichazwe ngokuthe ngqo, ukukwazi ukulungelelanisa - ukuveliswa kwe-metabolism namandla, ukukwazi ukuphendula kwisisombululo sangaphandle: izinto kunye neziganeko. Ukongezelela, imisebenzi ye-organelles yeseli ichonga ezo zakhiwo njengekhono lokukhula nokuphuhlisa, kunye nokuvelisa nokubuyisela - ukuvuselelwa kwakhona.

Kanye njengoko isilwanyana okanye isityalo sinezixhobo ezihlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo zabo, iseli iqukethe ama-organoids. Ngokuqwalasela i-organelles yeseli kunye nemisebenzi yabo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela isakhiwo sangaphandle seseli. Ngaphandle, "inyunithi yobomi" ihlanganiswe ngumbumba, osebenza njengomqobo wokunqanda, ukuhlukanisa indawo yangaphandle kwizinto zangaphakathi zeseli. Kule meko, i-membrane yenza imisebenzi yokukhusela nokumisela, kwaye ithatha isisombululo sokusingqongileyo (umsebenzi we-receptor) kwaye ithatha ukuthuthwa kwezinto.

I-organoids yamaselula, isakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi

Ubukho beeseli kunye neenxalenye zalo bekungenakwenzeka ukuba bekungenakuzaliswa ngetyulo olukhethekileyo-i-cytoplasm. Yisiplaylasm eyenza ukuthuthwa kwezinto ngaphakathi kweseli njengegazi kunye ne-lymph emzimbeni wethu. Kule meko, i-cytoplasm idala umphumo wokusebenzisana phakathi kweentlobo zeenkqubo, i-cilia, i-villi. Ezinye zezi nkqubo (umzekelo, i-flagella okanye i-cilia) inokwenza umsebenzi weemoto, kwaye ezinye iindawo ezingaphandle kweseli azikwazi ukuhamba.

I-Mitochondria yenye yezona zixhobo ezibalulekileyo zeseli ezithatha inxaxheba kwimiphumo yokuphefumula "iiyunithi zobomi" kwaye zitshintshe iindlela ezahlukeneyo zamandla kwiintlobo ezifikeleleke kwiseli. Enyanisweni, i-mitochondria iyisiseko samandla seeseli, ngoko ke inani lala ma-organoids lixhomekeke kwimisebenzi eyenziwa yileli, kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, kwiimfuno zayo zamandla. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba i-mitochondria iqukethe i-DNA chain chain, apho i-2% ye-DNA yeli cell ngokwayo igxininiswe.

Olunye u-organoid obandakanyekayo kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwe-metabolism yi-ribosome. Yile nto yelungu elenza iprotheni synthesis. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iiprotheni zikhoyo kuwo onke amaseli omzimba womntu, ngaphandle kwe-erythrocytes. I-Ribosomes ikhululekile ngokusesikweni kwi-cytoplasm, kwaye inkqubo yeprotein ye-protein idibene nenqaku lokubhalisa - ukukopisha ulwazi olubhaliswe kwi-DNA.

I-organelles yamaselula kunye nemisebenzi yabo ayiyi kwenza nayiphi na ingqondo kwimvelo, ukuba kwakungekho nucleus kwiseli. Eli candelo liphawuleka ukuba liqulethe into ebaluleke kakhulu - i-chromatin, eyona isiseko sokwakhiwa kwama-chromosomes. Ziyi-chromosomes ezithumela ulwazi malunga neeseli ngexesha lokuzalisa. Ngoko ke, i-chromatin yenziwa yi-DNA kunye ne-RNA encinci. Ukongezelela, umgaqo-siseko uquka i-nucleolus - umzimba apho ukuhlanganiswa kweerbosomes ezintsha. Ubungakanani be-nucleolus buhluka ngoxhomekeke kwindlela enamandla ngayo iprotheni yangaphakathi kwiseli.

Ekugqibeleni, siyaqaphela ukuba xa kuqwalasela i-organelles yeseli kunye nemisebenzi yabo, kunzima ukufumanisa nayiphi na "inxalenye yecandelo lobomi" elingasetyathwa njengeyona ndawo. Ngokwemimiselo, i-organoid enjalo ikhethwe yinucleus, njengabantu kwintliziyo ithathwa njengelungu eliphambili. Enyanisweni, zonke i-organoids zixhasa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali, zenyama kunye neyendalo, ngenxa yokuba iseli yenza imisebenzi eninzi ehlangene phantsi komxholo jikelele wobomi.