Yiziphi izikhokelo zeNyakatho yeNkanyezi ezibonisa nokuba ungayifumana njani esibhakabhakeni?

I-Polaris mhlawumbi enye yezikhanyiso ezikhankanywe rhoqo. Ngaloo nto kuthiwa kwiphepha leengcamango, kumanqaku olwandle, uphando lwezesayensi. Udumo lwakhe, nokuba luthandwa, i-luminari ibangelwa ikakhulu kwisikhokelo seNorth Star. Isikhundla salo esiyiminyaka emininzi sinceda ukuhamba nabahambahamba kunye nolwandle. Ukongezelela, lidlala indima ekwenzeni imida kwi-expanses ye-cosmic, kwaye ngoko ke into eninzi yesayensi. Kodwa malunga nento yonke.

Iinkwenkwezi zokudansa

Impendulo yombuzo malunga naluphi na ulwalathiso lwe-Polar Star olubonisa ukuba aluxhomekekanga ngokucacileyo kwindawo yesikhanyiso kwisigaba sezulu esicinga. Ukuba ugcina iinkwenkwezi emhlabeni, kubonakala ngathi zihambahamba emhlabeni jikelele, zize zitshintshe, zize ziphinde zivele. Kwiimifanekiso ezithatyathwe yikhamera enefuthe elide, kucacile ukuba izikhanyiso zihamba ngeendlela zetyhula zamadamitha ahlukeneyo. Eyona ncinane, ifuphi le nkwenkwezi ukuya kwisibonda sezulu. Phakathi kwinqanaba leenkwenkwezi ezenziwe yinkqubela, kukho indawo echanekileyo kwiNyakatho yeNtlabathi . Le nkwenkwezi yaseNyakatho, okanye, njengoko yayibizwa ngabantu abathile, iNtlampi yeNyakatho, i-Star Prick, i-Iron okanye iCelestial Kol, i-Golden Pile.

Iimpawu zolu meko

Isalathiso "isikhophelo" sinenhlanhla kakhulu: ukuba uqhubeka nesicatshulwa esicatshulwa kwi "cap", kulula ukuqonda naluphi na umyalelo weNorth Star. Le "khonkwane" ihlaba ihlabathi ngokuthe ngqo kwiNxweme yaseNyakatho, idlula kuzo zonke izangaphakathi zangaphakathi zeplanethi kwaye iphinda ibonakale kwindawo yeSouth Pole. Ngaloo ndlela, iNkanyezi yaseNyakatho esibhakabhakeni ikhona ekuqhubekeni komhlaba. Ukususela kuMntla weNyakatho ungaphantsi kwe-1 °.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-Polaris ihamba ngendlela efanayo nezinye iinkwenkwezi. Indawo yayo ebonakalayo echanekileyo kuthi idibene nendawo kwindawo yokwandiswa kwe-axis. Enyanisweni, eqinisweni, ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kweenkwenkwezi kuhlanganiswe kungekuphela kwentshukumo yabo, kodwa kunye nokujikeleza kweplanethi. Ukujikeleza i-axis, uMhlaba uphendukela kwiinkwenkwezi enye, ke enye icala. Kwaye kuphela izikhanyiso ezisezantsi kwezibonda zihlala zibona inxalenye efanayo yomhlaba. Ngendlela, kwi-South Pole nayo ineenkwenkwezi yayo ye-polar - Sigma Octanta, nangona kunjalo inzima kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nabanye. Nangona kunjalo, emva kwexesha yonke into ingatshintsha.

Iposi lidlulile - isithuba samkelwe

I-North Star ibonisa indlela eya ngasentla ukusuka malunga ne-1100 AD. Ngokusondeleyo kunokwenzeka, kuya kuba kwisibonda sehlabathi kuphela ngo-2100, kwaye kuya kuqala ukuphela. Ngoko, ukususela ekuqaleni kwexesha isithuba sesalathisi esiphezulu sidluliselwa kwisilumkiso esinye kwesinye. Oku kubangelwa ukunyuswa okufanelekileyo kweenkwenkwezi, kunye neemeko zokulandelelana komhlaba. Intonga yokucinga yokubhoboza iplanethi nayo iyahamba: icacisa ngokucotha izijikelezo. Isizathu sinobuqhetseba bobunjwa behlabathi kunye nesenzo senkunzi yokukhanga. I-axis idlula isangqa esinye kwisithuba samawaka samawaka angama-26.

Phantse iminyaka eyi-15 leminyaka edlulileyo kwendima yeNayile yaseNyakatho yenza iVega, indawo eqaqambileyo yenkqantosi yaseLyra. Kwaye kwiminyaka engaphantsi kwe-11 lamawaka, uya kuphinda athathe le ndawo. Ukubuyisela inkwenkwezi yePollar kwixesha elisondeleyo liya kuza (i-Gamma Cepheus), iya kuba ngo-3200. Kwaye ngo-5000, i-Alray izakutshintshwa yi-Beta ye-constellation efanayo, i-Alfirk, emva koko, ngo-6500, -Alderamin (Alfa Cepheus). Kwixesha eliphakathi kwe-8500 ne-13 000 leminyaka, isikhundla sePolar Star siza kuhlala kuDeneb noSadr ukusuka kwi-cygnus ye-constellation.

Ungayifumana njani iNew Star?

Ngomnxeba weNyakatho unxulumene nenkolelo-mfundiso ephikelela kakhulu, eyazalwa ngokudumo lwakhe kunye nokuthandwa. Kubonakala ngathi inkwenkwezi, elowo wonke emlonyeni wabo, kufuneka ukuba yinto engabonakaliyo phezulu esibhakabhakeni, ngoko ubuncinci ukukhusela abanye abaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, oku akunjalo. Inkwenkwezi ye-polar ikuloo nkqantosi ye-Little Ursa kunye phakathi kwezinye izikhanyiso ekubunjweni kwayo. Ngexesha elifanayo, kwiluhlu lwamaphuzu aqhakazileyo esibhakabhakeni sonke sebusuku, lihlala kwindawo engama-46 kuphela. Ngoko kubalulekile ukwazi indlela yokufumana i-Polar Star.

Isiqalo esona sikhulu nguDipper Big. I-constellation iyaziwayo malunga nomntu wonke ukususela ebuntwaneni. Ukuze ufumane iNqamlezo yaseNyakatho, kufuneka udibanise ngengqondo enye iqhosha eliqhelekileyo ukuya kwiinkwenkwezi ezimbini ezigqithiseleyo kwi-Big Bucket-Dubge naseMerak. Ukuba siqhubeka nomgca ngomgama olingana namalingana amahlanu phakathi kweDubga neMerak, ngoko i-Polaris iya kufumaneka ekupheleni kwayo. Isithsala umsila we-Little Ursa.

Indlela yokuhamba ngeendawo ezihamba ngeNkanyezi yaseNyakatho?

Ekubeni umzuzu weNyakatho waseNyakatho wawukufuphi kwipolisi yehlabathi, isetyenziswe njengendawo efanelekileyo yokubhekisela. Inkwenkwezi ye-polar ibonisa ulwalathiso oluya ngasentla, kwaye luchaneke ngakumbi kunekhampasi eyahlukileyo. Kule meko kulula kakhulu ukucacisa amacala ombane. Kubalulekile ukulahla i-perpendicular ukuya phezulu ukusuka kwiNew Star. Ukuba uthe wajamelana naye, ngoko kumzantsi kuya kuba ngasemva, empuma ngasempumalanga, ngasentshonalanga ngakwesobunxele.

Inkwenkwezi yaseNyakatho ayikho nje kuphela ibonisa indlela eya ngasentla, iphinda ibonise njengendawo yokubonisa indawo yobubanzi bomhlaba. Ukuze uyigqibe, kufuneka ulinganise ukuphakama kokukhanya ngaphaya kwesigxina. Incinci ixabiso, isondele kwi-equator. KwiNyakatho yeMntla iNkanyezi yaseNyakatho itholakala kwi-zenith. Kwi-equator, phantse idibanisa nomgca we-horizontal. Kwakungenxa yokumisela i-angle phakathi kweNyakatho yeNkanyezi kunye nokugqithisa kwindlela esenyakatho apho abahamba ngeenkulungwane ezidlulileyo bekhokela indawo, baceba kwaye balungisa indlela yabo.

Kwezinye ieplanethi

Kwizithuba ezikhoyo zendawo zininzi ezifana neenkwenkwezi zethu zePollar. Ukujikeleza ejikeleze i-axis yipropati engenakunyulwa kuyo yonke iiplanethi, ngoko ke, ukuba uyigcina ukuhamba kweenkwenkwezi ebusweni, kulula ukufumana amanqaku afanelekileyo okubhekiselele kwiipolisi zaseMzantsi naseNyakatho. Ngokomzekelo, i-Mercury, inkwenkwezi ye-polar - u-Omicron Ophiuchus, uPainter wenkampani ye-Alpha kunye ne-Alpha. Kukho iNqamlezo yeMntla kunye neNyanga yi-Golden Fish Delta.

Ukubaluleka kweenkwenkwezi

I-Polar Star, okanye i-Alpha ye-Ursa Minor, nayo ine-set set of features eyenza iyingqayizivele. Phakathi kwabo - ukujikeleza ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuvumela ukuhlukanisa i-luminary eklasini yama-cepheids. Ziyabonakala ngenguqu ekukhanyeni, ubushushu kunye nobukhulu. Ixesha lokutshatyalaliswa kweenkwenkwezi zePollar yi-3.97 iintsuku. Ngelo xesha, utshintsho ekukhanyeni kwiMhlaba alubonakali.

Izifundo zibonise ukuba kukho uxhulumaniso phakathi kwexesha lokutshatyalaliswa nokukhanya kwe-cepheids. Kwaye kwavela ukuba ixesha elide likhulu, ukukhanya okukhulu. Lo mgangatho usetyenziswa kwi-astronomy ukucacisa umgama kwizinto ezikude. Kwaye ekubeni i-Polaris yiCepheid esondele kakhulu kwindlela yokukhanya kwelanga, indima yayo ekubaleni kunzima ukugqithisa, ngokukodwa ukuba kunokuba umgama okhulayo ukuya kwenkwenkwezi yexesha, ukuchaneka kwedatha kuncipha.

Ezingekho phantsi

Le propati yePollar Star iye yakhanga umdla wabaphandi abaninzi. Ngethuba lokufunda kwaziwa ukuba iNtlap Nail - cepheid ayilula. Iipulsations zayo zinomsebenzi: zihamba ngokukhawuleza. Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka kwakukho isiphakamiso sokuba ekuqaleni kwe-2000s inkwenkwezi ingayeka ukuba yi-cepheid, into engakaze yenzeke kwimbali yesayensi. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuzange kwenzeke: ngo-1993, utshintsho kwi-amplitude ye-pulsations lume. Ukongezelela, ngeli xesha le nkwenkwezi yakhanya ngo-15%.

Cosmic Infinity

Idata ngokukhanya kunye nendawo yazo zonke i-cepheids ezisondeleyo zisetyenziselwa ukucacisa umgama kwizinto ezikude. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela, kwikota yokuqala yekhulu lokugqibela udumo uEdmwin Hubble uzimisele umgama kwi -nebula ye-Andromeda kwaye wabonisa ukuba kukho ezinye iindidi. Namhlanje, ngokusekelwe kwindlela, ubukhulu beenkwenkwezi ezininzi "eziqhelekileyo" zibalwe. Kwakhona kudala ukuqonda kwamhlanje kwinqanaba lehlabathi.

Encinci "kodwa"

Ukubanjwa kukuba namhlanje kubaphandi akukho nto ibone ngayo malunga nomgama kwiPolar Star ngokwayo. Inani elimkelweyo, i-400 elinomnyaka omncinane wokukhanya, lafunyanwa yi-satellite "Gipparcos" ngo-1990. Nangona kunjalo, ekuqaleni kweli nkulungwane lo vavanyo lwenzeke utshintsho: okokuqala lancitshiswa lwafika ku-330, lwaphakanyiswa iminyaka engama-359. Ekugqibeleni, ngowangonyaka ka-2012, uDavid Turner uphawule phambili ukucinga ngokutsha-iminyaka engama-323.

Njengoko sele kuphawuliwe, i-Polaris yi-cepheid esondeleyo kwi-system yezilanga. Ngokunciphisa okanye ukwanda kwimizuzu, ukuqonda kwethu izikali ze-cosmic kuya kutshintsha. Ukunciphisa ixabiso aligcini nje lenza iinkwenkwezi kunye nemilalane imfutshane, kodwa ikwachaphazela ukuqikelelwa kobukhulu bendalo yonke. Ukucacisa umgama kwiPollar Star kuza kwenza izilungiso zayo ekuqondeni izikali ze-cosmos, ziya kuphoqa ukugqithisa ubuninzi bobunzima bomcimbi omnyama, kunokukhokelela ekuhlaziyweni kweminye imiba yenkcazo yokwandiswa kwendalo yonke.

Iinkalo zeenkwenkwezi

Isikhokelo senkwenkwezi ye-polar sibonisa, ngokubanzi, kuxhomekeke kancinci kwezinye zeempawu zayo ze-cosmic. Nangona kunjalo, kungathiwa, ukuhlawula ukuthozama kokukhanya kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqhelweni kwendawo yokukhanya.

Inkwenkwezi ye-polar ikhanya ngakumbi kwaye ikhulu kuneLanga. Ikwaseklasini yabadlali abaphezulu, ine-radius idlula i-solar enye ngamaxesha angama-46. Ukukhanya kweNayile yaseNyakatho iphakamileyo ngamaxesha angama-2500 kuneprayimari efanayo yeenkwenkwezi zethu.

Kodwa akusiyo yonke into: I-Polar ayiyona inkwenkwezi enye. Iza kwinkqubo yezinto ezintathu zokukhanya, ezahlukileyo ngobukhulu kunye nokukhanya. I-Polar A yiyona ndawo yinkqubo, into efana neyona ndlela, kumgama okhangayo ukusuka kuyo yiPolarnaya V. Le nkwenkwezi incinci kakhulu, ubunzima bayo buyi-1.39 yelanga (ubunzima be-Polar A ngu-4.5 elangeni). Ngokusondelene kakhulu nomhlobo wakhe, i-Polar Ab (1.26 amaxesha ubukhulu belanga). Ngenxa yomgama omfutshane ukwahlula izikhanyiso zombini, "umhlobo othobekileyo" akafumanekanga ixesha elide. Umfanekiso wakhe wafunyanwa kuphela ngoncedo lwe-telescope yeHubble.

Kuvela, kungekhona kuphela apho iNkanyezi yaseNyakatho ibonisa, yenza ukuba iyingqayizivele esibhakabhakeni. Iprogram ye-cepheid engekho-standard kunye neyesithathu, ithatha iingqondo zabaninzi beenkwenkwezi. Kwaye kubonakala ngathi imfuziselo. Kwixesha elide kwimbali, isikhokelo sePolar Star (indlela eboniswe ngayo) sincedise ukuhamba ubusuku ngobuninzi bomhlaba okanye kwindawo engaqhelekanga.

Namhlanje, xa kunokuba izibonakaliso zendalo zisoloko ziqhelekileyo zixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo, i-Polar Star ihlala isalathiso kwisithuba esingaphandle. Kwaye nangona i-Nail yaseNyakatho kumgangatho wayo omtsha ayikhombisi isikhokelo, kodwa inceda ukucacisa umgama, ukubaluleka kwayo kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kwindoda kunye nesayensi ngokupheleleyo akuhla. Kwaye ke abaphandi basebenzela ingcaciso ecacileyo yokuba iPollar Star isuswa kude kangakanani kwiSanga, kutheni i-pulsation yayo isweleka, kwaye musa ukuyihoxisa le nto encinci kwaye ingathandeki, kwimeko yomntu olula ukujonga umhlaba, inkwenkwezi.