I-Hydraulic fluid: iintlobo, ukuhlelwa kunye nokubunjwa

Xa kufakwa kunye nokugcinwa kweendlela zobugcisa, uninzi lwengqalelo luhlawulwa kwizinto ezisebenzayo, izixhobo ezincedisayo kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokulungiswa kunye nenkxaso. Kodwa ngelo xesha, umgangatho wezixhobo uncike kakhulu kwiimveliso zamanzi. Benza imisebenzi eyahlukileyo, kodwa bonke ekugqibeleni babilise komnye umsebenzi-ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo yesibonelelo esikuyo. Indawo ekhethekileyo kweli qela lihlala liphethe i-hydraulic fluid, eyenziwa njengecandelo elisebenzayo, ukubeka uxinzelelo kwizinto ezisebenzayo zendlela.

Kuphi i-hydraulic fluids esetyenziswayo?

Amafutha alolu hlobo asetyenziswa kwiinkcukacha ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa kunye neendlela. Umzekelo weklasi wesicelo sabo yiphakethi yokuvala ipayipi. Ngokwabo, izixhobo zokusetyenziswa kwamanzi zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino, imveliso kunye nokwakhiwa. Ingakwazi ukushicilela oomatshini, iiyunithi ekubunjweni kwemigangatho yefektri, ukucwangcisa iinkqubo zamanzi, njl. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-hydraulic fluid ingasetyenziswa kwizixhobo zasekhaya. Ezinye iimpawu zesikhululo se-pneumatic, izixhobo zokupompa kunye neepakethe zamandla nazo zingasebenzisa ezo ziselo. Ukongezelela, imisebenzi yolu hlobo lweoli iyahluke - kufuneka iqwalaselwe ngokubanzi.

Imisebenzi yamanzi

Umsebenzi oyintloko we-hydraulic fluid ukuguqula uxinzelelo kwicandelo lokusebenza le nkqubo. Ingaba ipiston okanye i-valve, into eyona nto kukuba umthamo weoli usebenza njengomtshintshisi womoya onamandla kwaye ngexesha elifanayo wenza imisebenzi encedisayo. Ngokomzekelo, njengoko sele kuphawuliwe, ioli yezoshishino inika i-lubrification yezinto ezixubhayo kwinkqubo yokusebenza, ukwandisa ubomi babo. Kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokusebenza, kufuneka ukuba kwenziwe imisebenzi ekhethekileyo.

Ngokomzekelo, ukuba iyunithi iya kuqhutyelwa kwimeko enobungcipheko obushushu okanye ekudibaniswaneni ngokusondeleyo kunye nomswakama, umbane wamanzi uchithwa yinto efanelekileyo yokukhusela. Kule meko, ubuchwepheshe buya kuncomela ioli kunye neendawo zokulwa nokutshabalalisa kunye nokuzinza kwamafutha. Ngexesha elifanayo, ngokungagqibekanga, ukwakheka komzimba ngamnye kumanzi kubandakanya ukucoca. Iipayipi ziphantsi kokuhlamba ngokuqhelekileyo, ngenxa yoko iindawo zabo zangaphakathi zilahla iiphozithi kunye nezinye izinto eziwonakalisayo.

Iipropati zamafutha ezinkqubo ze-hydraulic

Umgangatho wale misebenzi ingentla ichongiwe yiipropati zezinto ezithile. Iimpawu ezisisiseko zokusebenza zamanzi okuhambisa amanzi ziquka ukumelana noxinzelelo lwe-thermal, i-viscosity, inertia kunye nobuninzi. Kodwa okubaluleke ngakumbi kubaluleke kakhulu iimpawu ezizodwa zokusebenza, kubandakanywa nokukhusela. Umzekelo, ukuchasana nokubola kukuvumela ukuba umelane nemimandla yelwelo kunye nemanzi ngaphandle kweenkqubo zokurhoxisa. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukunyanzeliswa kwamanzi emzimbeni, obeka ubungqina bokusebenza komsebenzi. Oko kukuthi, isalathisi esingaphantsi kwenkcazo yokumelana, kulula ukuba amandla avela kwunithi yamandla adluliselwa. Ngenxa yoko, amandla angaphantsi athatyathwa ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwesityalo. Enye into yokuba ukuphumelela kwezixhobo zokuchasisa kakhulu akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwezinye iimpawu zobugcisa nezomzimba zamanzi omzimba.

Ukwahlulelwa kwamanzi okuhambisa amanzi

Iingcali zihlela ezo zihlunu kwiindawo ezininzi. Ngokomzekelo, ulwahlulo oluphambili lwenziwa ngokusekelwe kwinjongo - i-hydrostatic ne-hydrodynamic izakhiwo zihlala kwindawo eyahlukileyo kwi-assortments. Kwakhona utywala lubelwe ngokuxhomekeka kububanzi besicelo. Ngokukodwa, ii-lubricants nge-ISO 15380 zokumakisha zibonelela ngokukhawuleza iinkqubo ze-biodegradation. Kukho ukuguqulwa, okubhekiselele ekunyuseni ukuhambelana kwendalo. Zisoloko zisetyenziswa kwiiyunithi zoshishino lokutya. Ukwabiwa kunye ne-hydraulic fluid ebizwa nge-STOU. Ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa ekugcinweni kwezixhobo zeselula. Ngexesha elifanayo, iqela elibanzi lamanzi ancedisayo angasebenzi kwindawo ephambili ye-hydraulic piston imfuneko, kodwa isetyenziswe kwinkxaso yobuchwepheshe yamacandelo ngamanye, umzekelo, amaqabane, athatha amaqela kunye nabaguquleli.

Iintlobo zamanzi ezinxulumene neempawu zokusebenza

Kuloluhlu, kuyafaneleka ukuqwalasela iindidi ezintathu eziphambili zeoli yamanzi. Eyokuqala yizona ziqalo eziphambili, ezibonakaliswa ngumbonakaliso olulinganisiweyo lwe-viscosity, ukuqinisekiswa kunye noxinzelelo. Oku kunokuthiwa, le yindlela ekhoyo yendalo yonke yokubonelela ngomsebenzi wamanzi. Iqela lesibini libandakanya iindlela ezichazwe ngokuchasene nenkqubo ye-oxidation. Oku kubandakanya iintlobo zamanzi ezixhatshazelisayo zamanzi ezijikelezayo ezingasasazeka phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukuqhagamshelana nezakhiwo zetsimbi, amanzi kunye nomoya. Iqela lesithathu libonelela ngokugqibeleleyo ukusebenza komsebenzi wokukhusela ushushu. Ezi ziinkomfa ezingekho phantsi kweengozi zomlilo nangakumbi ngokuqhagamshelana okufutshane nemithombo yomlilo.

Izithako zamanzi ezichanekileyo

Isiphumo semveliso ngokuqhelekileyo sigxininisa ngokusekelwe kumafutha obugcisa kunye neezongezo. Umzekelo weklasi ngumveliso owenziwe kunye nokusetyenziswa kweoli ye-mineral kunye ne-emulsifiers, kunye nokuhlanjululwa ngama-inhibitors anticorrosive. Enyanisweni, ukudibanisa okunjalo ngokwayo kunokusebenza njengesiseko sokwenza utshintsho oluthile lwezobuchwepheshe, olunokudibaniswa kunye nohlobo olukhulu lwe-elastomers. Ngokomzekelo, ukwenzela ukwandisa uxinzelelo lwe- hydraulic yamanzi, abavelisi bazisa iimpawu kwiifom. Kwaye, ngokuphambene noko, ukuba kuyimfuneko ukufezekisa iqondo eliphezulu le-elasticity yecandelo lokusebenza, i-emulsion oil lubricating is added.

Isiseko sesiseko

Iifomfini zefaraffini, imixube ye-naphthenic kunye nezisombululo ezidibeneyo zingasetyenziselwa njengesiseko seoli. Kukho ukuguqulwa okhethekileyo kunye nokusebenza okusisiseko okuphuculweyo. Ezi zixhobo zokwenziwa kwamanzi kwimveliso yezinto ezakhiwa yi-hydrocracking, i-ether i-compounds kunye ne-polyglycols zisetyenzisiweyo, eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukuxuba okuxutywa ngumlilo. Iziseko zeziseko zendalo nazo zisetyenzisiwe, apho iipilisi ze-hydraulic oil ziveliswa ngayo. Iziqu zelo hlobo zingabandakanya iimveliso zezityalo zokucwangcisa ezinobugqi bendalo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo lwamafutha asezantsi, umgangatho wokuhlanjululwa kwawo kubalulekile. Kukho iindidi ezahlukileyo, ezahlukileyo kwinqanaba lokulungiselela kwangaphambili ukwakhiwa. Kukho imixube yokucocwa okucokisekileyo, kwaye kukho iileyile eziye zafumana ukucoca ezininzi. Akunakutsholwa ukuba ukhetho lwesibini luya kuba luhle kuzo zonke iimeko zokusetyenziswa. Kweminye imimandla, i-liquids, ezisekelwe kwintsebenziswano ebumbeneyo, ibonakaliswe ngokufanelekileyo.

IziHlomelo kunye neenguqulelo zamanzi

Ngokuqhelekileyo inxaxheba yokumisela ekusebenziseni amandla idlalwa ngamalungu angaphezulu. Zihlangene ngokuzimeleyo okanye ezixhasayo, ngoko akunakwenzeka ukufumana indawo epheleleyo yendawo yonke efanelekileyo kuyo nayiphi na imfuno. Kwimizinga eyahlukeneyo, isiseko siseko singanikwa iipropati ezinjenge-anti-corrosion, ukumelana nokuguga, uxinzelelo olunzulu kunye nezakhiwo zokuchasana.

Kule meko, izongezo zihlulwe ngokwemvelo yesicelo. Kukho igalelo ezithintelayo njengezongezelelo kwioli ye-mineral base, kwaye kukho nakwiindawo zokusebenza. Umzekelo, i- hydraulic brake fluid ifunyenwe ngokubandakanya ukuguqulwa kwamanzi, okungafakwa kwinto esele isetyenziswa ngexesha lokusebenza kwendlela.

Izithako ezisisiseko kwioli ziqhelekileyo zifakwe kumveliso. Eli candelo liquka izinto zokulwa neengxaki zokubulala, i-antioxidants, njl. Izithako ezisebenzayo kule mvelaphi ziya kuba luncedo kuba azinyango unyango olulodwa lwe-liquid emva kokungeniswa.

Indlela yokukhetha i-hydraulic fluid?

Kwinqanaba elikhulu, ukukhethwa kohlobo oluthile lubekwe phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza. Ngokukodwa, imbonakalo yeqondo lokushisa, uhlobo lweenkqubo ze-hydraulic, uxinzelelo, iimfuno zokukhuselwa kwendalo kunye neempembelelo zangaphandle kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwi-index ye-viscosity. Ukuba umsebenzi ukunciphisa ukuvuza kwaye ukwandise ukutywinwa, ke imxube kunye nenqanaba elincinci le-viscosity kufuneka likhethwe. Iqondo lokushisa lomsebenzi osebenzayo nalo liqwalaselwa ngecala elihlukile. Xa ukhetha ukuba yiyiphi i-hydraulic fluid yokukhetha inkqubo yesikhululo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhethe ukwenziwa kwezakhiwo ezilungiselelwe ulawulo lwama-40-50 ° C. Kwiinkqubo ezihambayo nezihambayo, izinto ezikhethiweyo zamanzi zivame ukukhethwa.

Indlela yokubuyisela umbane wamanzi?

Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukuvula ukufikelela kwitankki yokugcinwa kwamanzi, njengommiselo, ezi zizodwa zithangi zetsimbi. Ukuqhubela phambili, indawo yokusebenza kunye nezibonelelo zonxibelelwano iyakhutshwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo izibonelelo zokubonelela zinikezelwa ngamacwecwe, okumele avulwe. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba uhlolisise izinga le-hydraulic fluid, uxinzelelo lwayo kunye nesimo esiqhelekileyo. Emva koko ioli ifakwe. Lo msebenzi ungenziwa ngokusebenzisa ii-syringes okanye iipompo nge-compressors, kuxhomekeke kwikhono lokwakha.

Emva koko uqala ukuthulula umxube omtsha. Lo msebenzi uqhutyelwa ngoncedo lwesilungiso esilungisiweyo okanye ngokuthe ngqo ukuba kungenzeka ukukhusela i-hose. Ukutshintshwa ngokufanelekileyo kwe-hydraulic fluid kuqhutyelwa ngokukhutshwa komoya. Ukugqithisa umoya ngokugqithiseleyo kunokukhokelela ekulahlekeni kwintsebenzo yecandelo, ngoko awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokususa iimxube ezingaphezulu kwegesi.

Isiphelo

Iinkqubo ze-Hydraulic often ziqhuba imisebenzi ebalulekileyo efuna uxhulumaniso lwamandla aphezulu. Ngaloo ndlela, i-hydraulic fluid isebenza njengenxalenye epheleleyo yokusebenza kwezi ndlela, ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa okuzinzile kweeyunithi. Ukunikezelwa ngokuchanekileyo kweoli, abasebenzi benkonzo abayi kuba nako kuphela ukwandisa ubomi besityalo, umatshini okanye isixhobo ukusebenza, kodwa ukwandisa amandla okusebenza kwezixhobo. Oku kubangelwa kukuba izikhombisi ezifanayo zokuxhatshazwa kwamanzi osebenzayo zinokunyusa okanye zinciphise umthwalo kwindlela yokuqhuba, echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umlinganiselo wabasebenzisi abasebenzisiweyo.