Landscape ngumzobi. Russian landscape opeyintayo

Ukususela kwixesha kudaladala, abantu baye emthanda indalo. Babonisa uthando lwabo niveze oko ezahlukeneyo amibala-bala, BAS-imikrolo nemizobo. Amagcisa ezinkulu abaninzi baye bazinikela ubume babo bokuyila ukupeyinta. Le mizobo, nto leyo ebonisa ihlathi, ulwandle, iintaba, imilambo, namasimi, umdla ngokwenene. Kwaye kufuneka ukuba ukuhlonipha iinkosi ezinkulu eneenkcukacha kangaka, inemibala nangokweemvakalelo Agqitha aya ubuhle kunye namandla yehlabathi elisingqongileyo imisebenzi yakhe. Kwaba opeyintayo landscape nengxelo ekhaphayo engobomi zabo eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku. Namhlanje siza kuthetha umsebenzi ngabapeyinti enkulu ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo.

-Waziwa kakuhle landscape opeyintayo kwinkulungwane XVII

Kwinkulungwane XVII kwakuhlala abaninzi abantu abanetalente abakhetha ezibonisa ubuhle bendalo. Enye kakhulu abadumile Klod Lorren noYakobi van Ruisdael uIsake. Ngazo siya kuqala ibali lethu.

Klod Lorren

artist French Claude Lorrain landscape kubhekwa umsunguli kwexesha classicism. Imizobo yakhe Ukwakhiwa linyuke ivumelane ne igqibeleleyo. A isici esasenza iteknoloji K. Lorrain yaba amandla okudlulisela zijikeleza ilanga, ngokudangazela kwaso ziboniswe emanzini , njalo-njalo. D.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ncam wazalelwa eFransi, uninzi lobomi bakhe wachitha eItali, apho wayeye xa wayeneminyaka eli-13 kuphela ubudala. Ekhaya, wabuyela kanye kuphela, koko iminyaka emibini.

Imisebenzi edume C. Lorrain le ukupeyinta "Imboniselo zeQonga Roman" yaye "Port Imboniselo kwi Capitol." Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, ingabonwa kwi Louvre.

UJacob van Ruisdael uIsake

UJacob van Ruisdael - ummeli ngokoqobo - wazalwa eNetherlands. Ekuhambeni kwakhe eNetherlands naseJamani, igcisa wabhala imisebenzi emininzi obesazeka, obubonakala ngokuba yincwadi evuliweyo umahluko kabukhali ngezandi, imibala usinga kunye silwa. Omnye umzekelo olothusayo lobuninzi imifanekiso ezo njenge "amangcwaba yaseYurophu."

Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi womzobi akazange kuphela imizobo lisibekele - ke zime kunye nenkangeleko yasemaphandleni. Umsebenzi idumileyo kucingelwa ukuba 'le Imboniselo kwilali Egmond, "yaye" Landscape ngamanzi-lokusila. "

ngekhulu XVIII

Kuba ukupeyinta kwenkulungwane XVIII iphawulwa ezininzi kwiimpawu umdla, kweli xesha yaba sisiqalo indlela entsha ngohlobo wathi zobugcisa. Yelo landscape opeyintayo, umzekelo, abasebenza kwiindawo ezifana neentlobo landscape (elinye igama - vedutny) kunye yokwakha (okanye isixeko). A landscape vedutny, yena, nohlulwe ichanile yaye kumnandi. A ummeli ebalulekileyo fantastic Veduta yi Francesco Guardi. ngokubona kwakhe kunye enokusetyenziswa umona kwanezona landscape ngomzobi mihla.

Francesco Guardi

Ngaphandle kokukhetha, yonke imisebenzi yakhe badumileyo ukuba nombono oluchanileyo ngokugqibeleleyo, elihle umbala ukuzala. Imbonakalo sibe isibheno ethile zobugqi, ukuba nje akunakwenzeka ukuba angazikrazuli amehlo akhe kude.

Eyona ezichulumancisayo imisebenzi yakhe ingabizwa Imizobo "nqanawa iFestive Doge" bucentaur "," gondola kweli ichweba "," kwintendelezo yelo "yaye" Rio Dei Mendicanti ". Zonke mizobo zakhe iimbono yaseVenice.

Uilyam Terner

Le lomculi ngummeli romanticism.

A isici esasenza ngemizobo yakhe kukusetyenziswa shades ezininzi yellow. Loo palette yellow waba engundoqo imisebenzi yakhe. Master wachaza into yokuba ezi abangasekhoyo ezinxulumene kunye ilanga nobunyulu, leyo efuna ukubona kule mifanekiso.

Umsebenzi kakhulu ezintle ovusa of Turner yi "Gesperidsky Garden" - indawo kumnandi.

Ivan Aivazovsky Ivan Shishkin

La madoda mabini - ngokwenene lo mhlaba Russian opeyintayo omkhulu kunawo. Okokuqala - Ivan Konstantinovich Ayvazovsky - echaza elwandle iyingangamsha ngemizobo yakhe. Isaqunge elements, nokugubha, ukutshiza alephuze amagwebu, abetheka ecaleni inqanawa kaza, okanye cwaka, isibhakabhaka kuphole, ekwezi ilanga sentlalo - nezithabazi injabulo mangaza kunye bayancokola yabo nomfaneleko. Phela, a onjalo opeyintayo landscape ebizwa seascape. Okwesibini - Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin - wayethanda kukuveza ihlathi.

Ke Shishkin and Aivazovsky - engendalo opeyintayo kwenkulungwane ye-19. Makhe zihlale phezu biography of ezi zidalwa ngaphezulu.

Ngowe-1817 yena wazalwa enye ngabapeyinti abadumileyo zaselwandle ehlabathini, Ivan Aivazovsky.

Wazalwa kwintsapho osisityebi, uyise waye usomashishini Armenian. Akukho nto ayimangalisi kwinto yokuba ncam yakusasa ubuthathaka ngenxa element zaselwandle. Ngapha koko, indawo awazalelwa kuyo umzobi waba uTheodosius - isixeko kwizibuko esihle.

Ngowe-1839 Ivan waphumelela i- St Petersburg Academy of Arts, apho wayefunda iminyaka emithandathu. Kwi indlela wegcisa wayenempebelelo ngemisebenzi ngabapeyinti zaselwandle French uKarl Werne kunye C. Lorrain, owabhala canvases bakhe izimiso zobuciko-Classicism. Umsebenzi edume I. K. Ayvazovskogo ithathwa womzobo "I weThoba Wave ', eyenziwe 1850.

Ngaphandle nezithabazi, igcisa enkulu wasebenza umfanekiso emfihlekweni emfazweni (a umzekelo ocacileyo - womzobo "Idabi", 1848), nikusingele phantsi abaninzi ngemizobo yakhe imixholo imbali Armenian (1880 "Visit JG Byron Mkhitarists Monastery kufuphi eVenice." g).

Aivazovsky nethamsanqa ukuphumeza udumo eningenakukholwa ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi. ngabapeyinti landscape abaninzi eyaduma kwixesha elizayo, bayinqule umsebenzi wakhe waza wathabatha umzekelo wakhe. Wafa umdali kakhulu ngo-1990.

Shishkin Ivan Ivanovich wazalwa ngoJanuwari 1832 kwisixeko Elabuga. Intsapho ibiziswe Vanya akazange owayesisityebi kakhulu (uyise nomi). Ngowe-1852 Shishkin uqala izifundo zakhe Moscow School of Umzobo, aya kuphumelela kwiminyaka emine emva koko, ngo-ngo1856-m. Nkqu imisebenzi yokuqala ka-Ivan Ivanovich zizakubalulwa ubuhle engaqhelekanga kunye necebo nanto. Akumangalisi ukuba 1865, ngenxa yokudweba "View kufuphi Dusseldorf" i I. I. Shishkinu wanikwa kwisihloko academician. Kodwa emva kweminyaka esibhozo, wamkela kwisihloko ngunjingalwazi.

Njengamanye ezininzi ngabapeyinti landscape, Shishkin waziqaba ebomini, bachitha ixesha elide ngaphandle, kwiindawo apho kungekho mntu uphazamise.

Le mizobo ezaziwayo-kakuhle ngomzobi olukhulu "Backwoods" yaye "Morning kwi Ihlathi Pine", ebhalwe 1872, kwaye ngaphambili ukupeyinta "Noon. Kummandla eMoscow "(1869)

ubomi umntu onesiphiwo lukaThixo lwaphazamiseka entwasahlobo ka-1898.

Abaninzi Russian landscape opeyintayo ekubhalweni canvases zakhe ezininzi iinkcukacha kunye nemibala ezimibalabala. Kukwanjalo ke malunga abameli ababini yokudweba Russian.

Alexei Savrasov

Aleksey Kondratevich Savrasov - landscape opeyintayo adumileyo yehlabathi. Ukuba kucingwa umsunguli landscape Russian lyrical.

Wazalwa le ndoda ebalaseleyo eMoscow ngo-1830. Ukususela ngowe-1844 Alex waqalisa uqeqesho yakhe Moscow School of Umzobo kunye Umfanekiso. Sele ebutsheni bakhe wayebalasele yi iitalente ezizodwa nobuchule kumfanekiso-mhlaba. Noko ke, nangona oku, ngenxa yezizathu usapho, lo mfana kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukuphazamisa izifundo zakhe ukuba kuqhube kuphela emva kweminyaka emine.

Umsebenzi idumileyo kwaye oyintanda Savrasov ke, Kakade ke, ekupeyinteni "Le ehlasela Ngaba Ifike". Kuye kwenziwa umboniso ohambahambayo ngowe-1971. Akukho kangako umdla na imizobo I. K. Savrasova "Irorho", "Sukugcina", "Winter", "Ilizwe Road", "Rainbow", "Elk Island". Noko ke, ngokutsho nabagxeki, akukho namnye imisebenzi igcisa a azilingani nabo wobugcisa yakhe "Le ehlasela Ngaba Ifike".

Nangona isibakala sokuba Savrasov wabhala Imizobo ezininzi ezintle yaye wayesele esaziwa ngokuba umbhali Imizobo ezimangalisayo kungekudala silibale ngayo ixesha elide. Kwaye ngo 1897, wafa ubuhlwempu, iingxaki zentsapho lithemba, ukungabi nabantwana kunye nokuxhomekeka utywala.

Kodwa landscape ngomzobi enkulu Alinako kulityalwa. Zihlala ngemizobo yakhe, ukususela -ngomtsalane buhle, kwaye sinako ukulincoma namhlanje.

Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba

Eli xesha luphawulwa ukwanda kwimizobo Russian iindawo ezifana landscape yabathengi. Ngale ndlela, siye sasebenza ezininzi ngabapeyinti landscape Russian, kuquka Makovskiy Vladimir Egorovich. amagcisa ezaziwayo-kakuhle kungekho ngaphantsi kwe xesha Vasily Polenov, Arseny Meshchersky, kwakunye ochazwe ngaphambili Aivazovsky kunye Shishkin, umsebenzi wakhe waba phezu phakathi-yesibini isiqingatha kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba.

Arseny Meshchersky

Wazalelwa kule mculi ezaziwayo-kakuhle ngo-1834 kweli phondo yaseTver. Imfundo awayifumana e-Imperial Academy of Arts, apho wayefunda iminyaka emithathu. Imixholo ephambili lwemizobo umbhali baye baba amahlathi kunye nobusika nenkangeleko. Le artist wayethanda esimelela kwimifanekiso bakhe, iimbono ezikulu eCrimea neCaucasus, kunye iintaba yayo emikhulu. Ngowe-1876 waba uprofesa landscape womzobo.

Le yimpumelelo kakhulu kwaye adumileyo ngemizobo yakhe ingaqatshelwa ukupeyinta "Winter. Icebreaker "," View of Geneva "," Storm kwi Alps "," The Forest Lake, "" Southern Landscape "," type kwi eCrimea. "

Ukongezelela indalo Russian, Meschersky idlulisele ubuhle eSwitzerland. Kweli lizwe ukuze ixesha elithile wazuza amava ukusuka inkosi landscape womzobo Calama.

Kwaye ke inkosi awayezithanda yeSepia kunye lokukrola. Kwezi ubuchule, nako oko udale imisebenzi emininzi emangalisayo.

Imizobo emininzi wegcisa ingqalelo kwimiboniso zombini eRashiya kunye nakwamanye amazwe. Ngoko ke abantu abaninzi nexesha lokuxabisa italente kunye nentsusa yomntu yoyilo. Umfanekiso Arseniya Mescherskogo kuqhubeka ukukholisa abantu abaninzi bayazithanda ezobugcisa, kwaye unanamhla.

Makovskiy Vladimir Egorovich

Makovskiy V. E. wazalelwa eMoscow ngo-1846. Uyise wayengumzobi odumileyo. Vladimir wagqiba ukulandela ekhondweni likayise waza wafumana imfundo yakhe yokuluka kwi Moscow School of Umzobo, Umfanekiso Architecture, waza ke waya eSt Petersburg.

Yimpumelelo kakhulu lwemizobo bakhe: "Kulungile ukulinda. Entolongweni, "" Ukuwa ebhankini "," Ingcaciso "," nihlukane ndlu "yaye" Spring mome. " ikakhulu imisebenzi ibonisa Abantu abaqhelekileyo nemifanekiso ngemihla.

Ngaphandle komhlaba zasekhaya, inkosi abekuyo, Makovsky naye beqabe zabantu nemifanekiso eyahlukeneyo.