I-chloric acid - iipropati, umveliso, isicelo. Ukucwangciswa kokusebenza

I-chloric acid (ifom yeHClO4) i-monohydric acid anhydr. Iqukethe i-chlorine (Cl) kwimeko ephezulu ye-oxidation, ngenxa yesi sizathu sisisombululo esinamandla kakhulu. Ukuqhuma.

Iipropati ze-perchloric acid

1. Yisilwanyana esinamandla ngaphandle kombala, emoyeni siyatshisa kakhulu, i-monomeric ngeebini. Akuzinzile kwaye kuphendulwa kakhulu. Le asidi ibonakaliswa ngokutyhila kwamanzi ngokuzenzekelayo:

3HClO4 = H3O + (cation) + ClO- (anion) + Cl2O7 (i-chlorine oxide)

2. Le nkunkuma ichithwe kakhulu kwi-chlorine kunye ne-solorovideic solvents, njenge-CH2Cl2 (i-methylene chloride), i-CHCl3 (i-chloroform) kunye nabanye. Imiscible kunye nezinye i-solvents, imibukiso yokunciphisa iipropati, ukuba iphathwe kakubi, ingakhokelela ekuqhubheni okanye ukutshaya.

3. Ixutywe kakuhle ngamanzi (H2O) kunoma yiyiphi inqanaba. Iifomathi ezininzi. Izisombululo ezixutywayo ze-asidi zinobunzima obuncinane. Isisombululo samanzi sale asidi sinokuzinzi kakuhle kunye ne-oxidation ephantsi. Ngamanzi, into esiyiqwalaselayo ibumba umxube we-azeotropic opheka kwi-degrees ezingama-203 kwaye uqukethe i-72 ekhulwini HClO4.

4. I-chloric acid (ifom yeHClO4) yenye yezona zixhobo ezinamandla. Ngenxa yolu hlobo kwimeko yakhe, ezinye iicidi ze-asidi ziziphatha njengeziseko.

5. Kwiimeko zokunciphisa uxinzelelo, xa umxube we-chloric acid kunye ne-anhydride ye-phosphoric ishushu, i-oily-color anhydride:

2HClO4 (i-chloric acid) + P4O10 (i-phosphorus anhydride) = Cl2O7 (i-anhydride echlorini) + H2P4O11

Izindlela zokufumana

Iisombululo ezinokubakho kwezi zinto zingatholakala ngeendlela ezimbini. Iyokuqala i-electrochemical oxidation ye-chlorine okanye i-hydrochloric acid e-concentrated hydrochloric acid, kwaye okwesibini - ekutshintshisweni kokutshintshwa kwe-sodium okanye i-potassium ijikeleza nge-acids eqinile.

2. I-acididi e-anhydr e-chlorine nayo ingafumaneka ngeendlela ezimbini. Iyokuqala kukusebenzisana kwe-potassium (K) okanye i-sodium (Na) ijikeleza nge-asidi ye-sulfuric kwifom egxininisiweyo, kwaye yesibini - ekusebenzisaneni kwe-oleum enechisombululo esinamandla se-perchloric acid:

I-KClO4 (isisombululo esinomdla we-perchloric acid) + H2SO4 (i-sulfuric acid) = KHSO4 (potassium hydrogen sulfate) + HClO4 (i-perchloric acid)

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-acchloric acid

Izisombululo ezigxininisiweyo zisetyenziselwa kakhulu ukulungiswa kwee-perchlorate (isaliti ye-asidi) kunye nekhemistry yokuhlalutya;

- i-perchloric acid isetyenziselwa ukuchithwa kwe-ores, njenge-catalyst kunye nokuhlalutya kwamaminerali;

I-potassium perchlorate (ifom: KClO4), ityuwa yale asidi, isetyenziselwa ekudalweni iziqhumane, kunye ne-magnesium perchlorate (i-anhydrone, i-Mg (ClO4) 2) isetyenziswe njenge-desiccant.

Ukhuseleko emsebenzini

I-aclorated acid anhydr ayikwazi ukugcinwa kunye nokuthunyelwa ixesha elide, kuba phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo idiliza ngokukhawuleza kwaye iyakwazi ukuqhuma ngokukhawuleza.

Enye i-acoloric acid containing containing acids:

1. I-hydrochloric acid (ifom: i-HCl) yi- asidi ene-monobasic eqinile, i- caustic, i-fuming liquid in air. Ifakwe kwi-electroforming (i-pickling, etching) kunye ne-hydrometallurgy, ukucoca izinyithi ngexesha lokubumba kunye ne-soldering, ukwenzela ukuveliswa kwe-manganese, i-zinc, i-chloride yesinyithi kunye nezinye izinyithi. Kulo shishini lokutya le nto ibhaliswe njenge-additive food Е507.

2. I-chloric acid (ifom: i-HClO) yindoda ebuthakathaka kakhulu e-monobasic. Ikhona kuphela kwisisombululo. Isetshenziselwa iinjongo zangasese, kunye neendwangu zokugaya kunye ne-cellulose.

3. I-chloric acid (i-HClO2) i-acide monobasic yamandla athile. Ukungaqiniseki kwifomu yamahhala, kwisisombululo esicuthayo esicuthayo ngokuqhelekileyo siqhekeka ngokukhawuleza. I-anhydride yale asidi ayisaziwa.

4. I-chloric acid (i-HClO3) i-acid e-monobasic eqinile. Ayitholakali kwifomu yamahhala, kuba idiliza kwiisombululo ezigxininisiweyo. Kwizisombululo ezinamandla, zikhoyo kwii-concentrations ezingaphantsi kwama-30 ekhulwini. Kuzinzile kwiqondo eliphantsi.