I-Satellite Ganymede. I-Ganymede yi-satellite yeJupiter

I-Satellite Ganymede - into evelele kwi-Jupiter. Igesi elikhulu liphakathi kweeplanethi, libonakala phakathi kweenyanga zeesistim kwiqondo. Ngobubanzi beGanymede phambi kweMercury nePluto. Nangona kunjalo, kungekhona kuphela ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, i- satellite ye-Jupiter ithatha amehlo abaphandi. Iiparamitha ezininzi zenza into enomdla kakhulu kubafundi be-astrophysicists: intsimi yamandla, isiqabu, isakhiwo sangaphakathi. Ukongezelela, iGanymede yi-satelesi apho ubomi bukhona khona.

Ukufumanisa

Umhla wokuvulwa ngokusemthethweni nguJanuwari 7, 1610. Ngaloo mini, iJupiter ithumele i-telescope (yokuqala kwimbali) kuGalileo Galilei. Wafumana ama-satellites amane ukusuka kwi-giant giant: Io, iYurophu, iGanymede neKalisto. Phantse ngonyaka, izinto ezifanayo zazigcinwa nguSimon Marius, isazi seenkwenkwezi saseJamani. Nangona kunjalo, akazange ashicilele idatha ngexesha.

Amagama aqhelekileyo ngamagumbi e-cosmic anikezwa nguSimon Marius. UGalileo wabatyhalela "njengeeplanethi zamaMedici" kwaye ngamnye wabelwa inombolo yeenombolo. Ukubiza ii-satellites zeJupiter amagama amaqhawe ase-Greek myths abe yinyani kuphela ukusuka phakathi kwekhulu lokugqibela.

Zonke izidumbu ezine ze-cosmic nazo zibizwa ngokuba yi "Galilean satellites". Isici se-Io, i-Europe kunye ne-Ganymede kukuba bajikeleza nge-resonance ye-orbital 4: 2: 1. Ngexesha apho inkulu yezine ihamba ngeJupiter, iYurophu inokwenza i-2, kwaye i-Io-ezine iyajika.

Izixhobo

I-satellite Ganymede iyamangalisa ngokwenene ubukhulu bayo. Ububanzi bayo buyi-5262 km (ukuthelekisa: iparameter efanayo ye-Mercury iqikelelwa kwi-4879.7 km). Ngobunzima, buphindwe kabini ngaphezu kwenyanga. Ngelo xesha, ubunzima beGanymede buphantsi kweMercurian ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabini. Isizathu salokhu sisebuxinini obuphantsi bezinto. Kuphindwe kabini kunkulu nje ngamanzi. Yaye le ngenye yezizathu zokukholelwa ukuba into efunekayo ekuzalweni kobomi ku-Ganymede ikhoyo, kwaye inenani elikhulu.

Phezulu

I-Ganymede i-satellite yeJupiter, ezinye zezinto zayo zifana nenyanga. Ngokomzekelo, apha kukho iikrafa eziye zahlala kwiimeteorite eziwa. Ubudala babo buqikelelwa kwiminyaka eyi-3-3.5 yezigidigidi. Imiphumo efanayo yexesha elidluleyo ikhona ngokubanzi kwenyanga.

Iindidi ezimbini zokunceda ziyakwazi ukwahlukana kwiGanymede. Imimandla emnyama, ehlanganiswe kakhulu ngeekristine, zibhekwa njengezinto zakudala. Ngabo, kukho indawo "ezincinci" eziphezulu, eziqhakazileyo kunye neendawo ezinemizila. Olu hlobo lokugqibela, ngokweengcali zenzululwazi, lwakhiwa ngenxa yeenkqubo ze-tectonic.

Isakhiwo sendawo ye-satellite, mhlawumbi, ifana nesakhiwo esifanayo kuMhlaba. Amacwecwe e-Tectonic, ayenamanzi amaninzi e-Ganymede, angashenxisa aze adibanise kwixesha elidlulileyo, enze amaphutha kunye neentaba. Le ngcamango iqinisekiswa yimifudlana eqhotyoshelweyo yelava yasendulo.

Mhlawumbi, imizila emide yamacandelo amancinci yesathelayithi yakhiwa ngenxa yokungahambelani phakathi kwamacwecwe, ukuzaliswa kweempazamo ezinobungozi obunobuncwane phantsi kwe-crust, kunye nokubuyiselwa kwakhona kwe-ice surface.

Imimandla ebumnyama ihlanganiswe nenkunkuma eneemvelaphi zeemeteor okanye ifakwe ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwamanzi iamolekyuli zamanzi. Ngaphantsi koqweqwe lwayo oluncinci, ngokutsho kwabaphandi, i-ice ecocekileyo.

Ukufumaneka kwangoku

Ngo-Epreli kulo nyaka, ulwazi lwakhululwa ngokuvulwa kweengcali ezimbini ezivela eMelika. Kwi-equator ye-satellite Ganymede bafumene inkunzi enkulu. Imfundo yobukhulu bayo ifaniswa ne-Ecuador kunye nokuphakama kufinyelela kwisiqingatha seNtaba yeKilimanjaro.

Isizathu esinokwenzeka sokubonakala kwento enjalo yokukhulula kukukhutshwa kweqanda eliphezulu kwiqonga elilodwa ukuya kwi-equator. Ukuhamba okunjalo kunokwenzeka kwimeko apho ulwandle lukho phantsi kwegxolo likaGanymede. Ubukho balo bude buxutyushwa kwihlabathi lezenzululwazi, kwaye ukufumanisa olutsha kunokusebenza ngobungqina obongezelelweyo be-theory.

Isakhiwo sangaphakathi

Amanzi e-ice, ngokombono we-astrophysicists, atholakala kwinani elikhulu kwizinzulu-enye into eyenza uGanymede. Elona likhulu lee satellites zeJupiter linamacala amathathu angaphakathi:

• Ingqungquthela yomthamo, ehlanganiswe nayiphi isinyithi kuphela, okanye inkunkuma yensimbi neyulfure;

• Ingubo, equlethwe ngamatye;

• Umqolo weqhwa ngo-900-950 km ubukhulu.

Mhlawumbi uluhlu lwamanzi amanzi luhlala phakathi kweqhwa kunye nengubo. Kule meko, ibonakaliswe ngushishino olungaphantsi kwe-zero, kodwa aluyi kubanda ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ubungakanani boluhlu luqikelelwa kwiikhilomitha eziliqela, luhlala kwi-170 km.

Intsimi yamagnetic

I-Sputnik Ganymede ayikho nje i-tectonics efana noMhlaba. Enye into ephawulekayo yintsimi yamandla enamandla, efana nokubunjwa okufanayo kwiplanethi yethu. Iingcali zenzululwazi zibonisa ukuba kunokubakho izizathu ezibini kuphela kule nzekayo kwimeko yeGanymede. Iyokuqala yintloko ecikiweyo. Okwesibini luluhlu lwesityuwa, olwenza umbane kakuhle, phantsi kweqhwa le-satellite.

Ukuxhaswa ngolu hlobo lokugqibela ngedatha ye-apparatus yeGalileo, kwakunye neengxelo zandul 'uvavanyo lwe- alora borealis yeGanymede. I-Jupiter ivelisa ukungavumelani kwi- magnetic field of satellite. Njengoko kwakunokwenzeka ukuseka ngexesha lokufunda i-Aurora, ubukhulu babo buncinci kakhulu kunalindelekile. Isizathu esibonakalayo sokungaphambuki kwinqanaba elwandle elwandle. Ubungakanani bayo bunokufikelela kuma-100 km. Kulo mlibanisi, amanzi amaninzi kufuneka afakwe kuwo wonke umhlaba.

Iingcamango ezinjalo zinikeza ithuba lokuqwalasela ngokungathandabuzeki ukuba kungenzeka ukuba iGanymede iyisitampu esiphezulu apho kukho ubomi. Ubungqina bokuba ngokuqinisekileyo kuqinisekiswa ukufunyanwa kwezinto eziphilayo kwiMhlaba phantsi kweemeko ezibonakala zingenakulungelelaniswa nazo: kwimithombo yamanzi, kwindawo ephantsi yolwandle kunye nokungafiki ngokupheleleyo kwe-oksijini njalonjalo. Nangona i-Ganymede i-satelliti ibonwa njengomviwa ongenamathuba okuba ngumntu ohlala ngaphandle. Enoba ngaba kunjalo, baya kukwazi ukusungula iindwendwe ezintsha zesikhululo se-interlanetary.