I-Alluvium yiphumo lokuhamba kwamanzi

Yintoni i-alluvium? Ingcaciso yeli gama inokunikezwa ngeendlela ezininzi. Konke kuxhomekeke ekubeni ngubani onomdla kulo mbandela. Ukuba umntwana wesikolo, kumfundi, kumfazi wendlu, kumntu olula, iinkcazo zingase zandile ezahlukeneyo.

Mhlawumbi, wonke umntu uye waya emlanjeni. Kwaye xa oko kwenzeka entwasahlobo, ngexesha lokhukula, wayeya kubona umlinganiselo omkhulu wezinto eziphathekayo (amatye, iinqanawa zamatye, iibhloko, isanti, i-silt, amagatsha emithi kunye nezihlahla, ngokufanelekileyo, ukuba ahluke i-debris). . Ngokomgaqo, konke oku ku-alluvium.

Ngoko, yonke i-alluvium yinto yonke umlambo ohamba nayo? Hayi, kungeyona nto. Emva koko, mhlawumbi, yonke i-alluvium inxalenye yomlambo umlambo owenza wona ngokwawo kwedwala lomzali? Akunjalo.

Incazelo yesayensi yeli gama

Ewe, makhe sinike inkcazelo yesayensi emva koko. I-Alluvium iyidenge egcinwe yimifula yamanzi, equkethe izinto ezinobomi kunye nezilungelelaniso, kunye nomcimbi wezinto eziphilayo. Leli lizwi livela kwisiLatin alluvio, oku kuthetha "nanos", "namiv".

I-Alluvium yamathafa nemilambo yeentaba

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-alluvium, ezixhomekeke ikakhulu kwi-tectonics kunye nomhlaba apho umlambo ugeleza khona. Yonke imilambo yeentaba kunye neentlambo.

I-Alluvium yemilambo yeentaba

Imifula kwiintaba idla ngokubonakalayo ngokukhawuleza okukhulu, iifomiti zazo ziqulethwe ngamatye kunye namacwecwe. Amanye amatye amancinci kwaye athambileyo akanalo ixesha lokulala emfuleni aze aqhutywe ngaphantsi.

I-Nanosam yemilambo yeentaba ibonakaliswe yizinto ezilandelayo:

• Ziqukethe izinto ezilahlekileyo ezilahlekileyo, apho igweba likhulu;
• Ukubunjwa kwamaminerali ahlukeneyo;
• Uluhlu oluthile lwezinto eziphathekayo;
• Akukho calulo olucacileyo.

I-Alluvium yemilambo ephantsi.

Imifula emifula inexabiso eliphantsi lokujikeleza kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, abakwazi ukuthwala i-debris enkulu kwiimitha ezide.

Ngoko ke, iifomethi zemilambo epholileyo zibonakaliswe ngenye impawu:

• Umxhasi wezinto ezixutywe kakuhle, apho isanti kunye nesihlabathi esinesihlabathi sithatha;
• Ukwakhiwa kwamaminerali ngokulinganayo;
• Ukuhlelwa kwezinto ezifanelekileyo;
• Ubuninzi bokuqhaqhaqhaqhaqha oblique, oluguqulwa lube yindawo engabonakaliyo.

Ukucandwa komlambo we-alluvium kunye neempawu zayo

Ukucandwa kuyinto ebonakalayo malunga nantoni na yendalo okanye into. Nangona inhlabathi engapheliyo ingabonakali kangako kunabanye, kwaye igosa labo eliphambili liphela nje kuphela. Oku, kodwa, akubandakanyi umphumo wendawo yokwenza yonke indawo, ngokukodwa ekubunjweni kwayo kwamaminerali kunye ne-asidi.

Enyanisweni, umkhulu umlambo kunye nesikhukhula sawo, unobuthakathaka kukuklanywa kweefowuni zonke.

Ngokomyinge, kwimimandla esemantla yamantla, inhlabathi engapheliyo ihlala i-acid reaction, ibonakaliswa ngokungabikho kwe-carbonates kunye ne-salinity. Ngokuhamba phambili ukuya ngasemzantsi, kwimimandla eyomileyo, bafumana ukungathathi hlangothi, kunye ne-alkaline reaction, ebonakaliswe ngumxholo we-carbonate.

Delta, umkhukula, umdala kunye ne-alluvium

Iifowuni zonke zeemigodi ephahleni zihluke kwiinkathazo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, ngokwemvelo yemvula kunye neendawo zokuqokelela kwabo, kuqhelekile ukwahlula iipasitidi zonke kwiitane, i-delta, izikhukhula kunye nezidalwa zehlabathi ezindala.

I-Delta alluvium yenziwa kwi-deltas yemilambo kwaye ibonakala ngokubunjwa kwe-sandy-clayey.

I-alluvium yesiteshi isakhiwe emigqeni yamanzi kwaye iqukumbele kakhulu isanti kunye ne-coarser debris efana namatye, i-gravel kunye namacwecwe. Bakha ii-sandbanks, braids kunye neziqithi emlanjeni.

I-alluvium yomkhukula iyakhiwa ngethuba lekhukula kwaye iqulethwe ngeentlobo ze-loam, udongwe kunye neesityambo ezilungelelisiweyo ezilungiswe kunye ne-organic.

Indala yonke i-alluvium ifakwe kwizantsi yevini kwaye iqulethwe ngodaka eninzi yendalo.

Iifowuni ze-Alluvial zixhaphake kwihlabathi lonke. Esidlulileyo kwakukukuphuhliswa kwazo ukuba zonke iindawo zakudala zehlabathi, ezifana neYiputa YaseYiputa kwiNayile yaseNayile okanye kwiMandulo yaseMesopotamiya kwiintlambo zomlambo iTigris no-Ewufrathe zaqala ukuvela.

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, umhlaba olimo ovelisa kakhulu olimo uhlala kwimimandla ene-floodplain alluvium. Kwakhona ihlala iqulethe iiplereji zamaminerali kunye neeminerali ezixabisekileyo.