Inkqubo Uninzi - uloyiso uninzi

Modern umthetho siseko inika uluhlu yoluntu, indlela yokusebenzisa amalungelo abo ukuba onyule abasemagunyeni kuMbuso. Le nguqu ithe ngokuba inkqubo yonyulo, ochazwa omnye yeentlobo lweenkqubo: isininzi, umlinganiselo okanye oxutyiweyo.

Inkqubo Uninzi namhlanje - ngowona mzekelo eyona ikhethwayo unyulo lwabameli ngoorhulumente, ekhoyo kumazwe aphuhlileyo. Xa noseko lwalo akhiwa nabameli e Canada, i-US, Australia, Japan kunye namanye amazwe amaninzi. Yintoni umtsalane kunye nokusebenza kwale hlobo?

inkqubo yonyulo Majoritarian - ubuntu kunye typology.

Uninzi lweevoti - ukuba lo mgaqo yengundoqo ekusebenzeni inkqubo yonyulo. Enyanisweni, inkqubo yonyulo majoritarian umisela ukuba kukho kufuneka banikwe kubonelelwe yi-siseko okanye umthetho ngonyulo inani leevoti omviwa ethile apho sokutyunjwa ziya kwamkelwa luninzi electors.

Khankanya inani leevoti ayikho ngengozi. Kuxhomekeke kulo, kukho iintlobo ezintathu olu hlobo yokhetho:

• Uninzi ingundoqo - ngokutsho umviwa wakhe isithuba liya kuthathwa onyulwe ukuba kwaye kuphela kwimeko apho kwityala lakhe ukuba banike ilizwi isiqingatha senani labemi kokuba ilungelo lokukhetha, kunye umntu omnye;
• Uninzi isihlobo - unyulo phantsi kwesi sikimu kuthetha ubukho ngesininzi seevoti ngaphezu kwabanye abaviwa;
• Uninzi ofanelekayo - imithetho eli lizwe oqondela ngokucacileyo kunongeno, impumelelo yayo kwanele ukuphumelela kunyulo.

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba akukho ngobuwena ogqibeleleyo eyongeziweyo lobeko lwe umthetho ezinkulu amanani ithi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le iindidi awasabela ngayo kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo okanye unyulo ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo. inkqubo Majoritarian evumela izenzo ezinjalo, ingakumbi xa kufikwa abasemagunyeni eziphezulu. Umzekelo olothusayo lobuninzi "ingxubevange" lweentlobo yokuqala neyesibini ezonyuliweyo umongameli France. Umjikelo wokuqala ithathwa kuphela kuyimfuneko kuphela xa umviwa lifumana inani ngokupheleleyo leevoti. Ukuba oku akwenzeki, ngoko ke umjikelo wesibini ziya kubanjwa phakathi abaviwa, ukuthatha kwindawo yokuqala neyesibini, ngokutsho inkqubo isininzi isalamane.

Inkqubo Uninzi - isiphumo ingacaci kwi ukusebenza. Izinto eziluncedo ngayo ngokukhuselekileyo kunganxulunyaniswa ukumiselwa imeko ezinzileyo ababini - ezintathu inkqubo party. Kodwa ethile inamandla ukuba angayisi noluvo lokuba yinxalenye labemi ukuba uvotile baxhasa konyulo abangaphandle.

Iinkqubo Majoritarian nenokulungelelana yonyulo - kwinqanaba divergence.

Yintoni inkqubo isininzi, kuxoxwe ngasentla. Sibe inkqubo yonyulo umlinganiselo kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, ngokwahlukileyo kowokuqala, busekelwe phezu ukukhetha akukho umgqatswa ethile kunye iqela. Abaphengululi abaninzi zomthetho kunye izazinzulu zezopolitiko uye ucinge ukuba phantsi inkqubo yonyulo umlinganiselo ziyachazwa ngokupheleleyo ngakumbi imephu lonyulo karhulumente. kuyaphikisana ebalulekileyo kunye nenkqubo uninzi kukuba olunzulu ivoti count kunye nokuzimisela isixa isabelo womelo kurhulumente.

Inkqubo Uninzi akukho t. N. "Ungeno konyulo." Ngokwahlukileyo kulo, bulingane kwiimeko ezininzi ichaza ngokwayo. Kodwa oku kwenziwa ukuze ukukhusela indlela kwi izidumbu abanyuliweyo amaqela kunye nabaviwa ezizimeleyo, ogama ubunzima kubomi kwezopolitiko lisezantsi kakhulu.

Nangona umahluko kwiinkqubo zabo, iinkqubo majoritarian nenokulungelelana yonyulo zisoloko zisebenza ngexesha elinye, buyeyona uhlobo olunganeno - inkqubo mixed yonyulo. Le ngokuncedisana uya nomtsalane ngakumbi kumazwe abo nsimu esisityebi kwiindawo zokuhlala indawo abantu abathile.

Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo uninzi lunikelwa iseti iindlela kunyulo apho umviwa kumelezeke inkxaso uninzi labavoti. Le nkqubo ugqibelele ukuba unyulo kuphela amelwe amagunya karhulumente (umzekelo, uMongameli waseFransi, okanye yeeNgwevu kwi US), kodwa iqela ethile ebalulekileyo unyulo lwamabhunga ezidityanelweyo (yiPalamente okanye nebhunga lendawo).