Human sokugaya system: isakhiwo kunye umsebenzi (ifoto)

Ilungu enkulu somzimba ometyiso na umntu, isakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi leyo kuthathwa isihloko umdla kakhulu. Enyanisweni, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuba ngqo njani indawo kwiinkqubo zethu ezithile umzimba. Ekugayeni kungekho ngaphandle. Le yinkqubo kakhulu. Yaye kwenzeka njani, kufuneka ndithi kuni ngokweenkcukacha ngakumbi.

lwesigama

Okokuqala, makhe ukunika inkcazo ibinzana elithi "inkqubo yokwetyisa zabantu." Isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi iya wakhangela emva. Kuyinto indibanisela kwinkqubo yokwetyisa. Bonke unike umzimba iivithamini ezahlukeneyo, izinto (ngamanye amagama, "iibhloko zokwakha") kunye namandla. Konke oku kubalulekile yobukho ngokupheleleyo kwabantu. Nokuba ngeendleko ancedisana iiseli ebuyiselweyo yahlaziywa. Le nkqubo yenzeka lonke ixesha, njengoko konke oku kungentla kwinkqubo yobomi itshabalele.

ukugaywa ezingeyomfuneko yinkqubo apho unyango imichiza kwaye mechanical ukutya. Bonke abangena ubuncwane umzimba ziba kumacandelo abo, ezinye zazo udlula eludongeni emisele alimentary, yaye intsalela yavuselelwa kwenkunkuma.

kwesisu

Le yinxalenye okhethekileyo kakhulu ngabasemagunyeni. Ubude lilonke isiteshi nama-8-10 leemitha! Le nxalenye organ iquka inkqubo zokwetyisa komntu. Isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi jelo kwakhona unalo okhethekileyo.

Icandelo lokuqala - emlonyeni. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba yintoni na. Faka i iqulathe i amathe kwamadlala, ulwimi kunye amazinyo. Nantso ke apho ukutya Utyunyuziwe. Kwakhona, ngenxa receptors iilwimi umntu uziva incasa kunye lobushushu bokutya buselwe okanye isiselo. Ngenxa ulwimi kunye namathe maqela aba-luzizicuku ukutya, ezithi ke ngoko wathumela ukuba emqaleni. Oku, umzimba ifanele-ezimilise, leyo izihlanganisi element phakathi kuvuleke iminxunya kunye kwisisu ngomlomo. Emqaleni inceda tyhala ukutya, kodwa kuza kwinqanaba reflex.

Emphinjeni kwakhona iquka inkqubo yokwetyisa. Isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi wayo ngqo kakhulu. Emphinjeni yi elide cm-25 ityhubhu, inxalenye engentla leyo iquka inwebu yesihlunu striated. Le ephantsi - smooth. Kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukuba kuvuleke iminxunya - le ndawo apho ukutya alungiswa kuya esiswini.

Cleavage ukudla

Ezi yeendima ezibalulekileyo apho inkqubo zokwetyisa komntu. Imisebenzi zibe. Nesisu yinxalenye elide irubhrikhi utshilo. Iqulethe glands ezivelisa juice esiswini. Oku kukhuthaza ikhefu ekhawulezileyo phantsi ukutya. Lo ngowona msebenzi ungundoqo esiswini - ukugaya ukutya. Kodwa akukho onke amalungu leyo equka inkqubo zokwetyisa komntu.

Umsebenzi kunceda ekugayeni ukutya kwaye enze isibindi. Ukanti ke injeke. Yeyona isibindi uvelisa inyongo, inceda ukwetyisa ukutya. A injeke iienzymes ngokhethekileyo "uncedo" inyongo. Eziphuhlisa ngayo yokuwa carbohydrate, amafutha kunye neeproteni.

Le yokugqibela nqanaba lenkqubo zokwetyisa

Ke ekugqibeleni, emathunjini. Ngaphandle kokuba akukho nkqubo wokugaya yabantu. Ubume kunye nomsebenzi (iifoto lucaciswa kule nqaku) nalo ingakumbi kwesisu. Okokuqala, ubude bayo nama-4 eemitha. Okwesibini, oko ethunjini (okanye ngaphezulu ncam, kwi-duodenum 12) kuvula imigudu senyongo. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba kukho ezincinane kunye ezinkulu emathunjini. Eyokuqala kwezi ndawo lide yenkqubo yokwetyisa. Le emathunjini amancinci unalo villi, yaye ngabo benza ukufunxeka kwezondlo. Ashinyeneyo yencindi senzeka okhethekileyo. Ngenxa ifayibha yakhe uphuphu.

Thowusti emathunjini namajukujuku isikali. Ubomi ingquza. Kuyo kwaye lisusa ukusuka undigested umzimba intsalela ukutya.

imisebenzi

A lot of iinkqubo ebalulekileyo yenza inkqubo zokwetyisa komntu. Ulwakhiwo umsebenzi splanchnology lonke ixesha ikhona sele kufundwe ezinye iinkcukacha. Le inzululwazi, ngakumbi ngqo, ezizodwa kweli candelo, izazinzulu zikwazile ningabaniki nje nenkcazelo eneenkcukacha nkqubo, kodwa ukuqulunqa imigaqo ethile. Ngokwahlukeneyo, kubalulekile ukuphawula, njengoko kwagqitywa ekubeni igama umsebenzi kwinkqubo yokwetyisa.

Ngoko ke, zonke zontathu. Lokuqala - enjinini-manual. Njengoko kwenziwe elithekelelwayo, oko kwakuthetha lokugaya kunye nentshukumo koko ukutya. Umsebenzi wesibini - secretory. Onke amalungu enza le nkqubo, ukuvelisa enzyme, incindi kunye inyongo - konke iphucula kwaye ibalekisa processing of ukutya. Ke ekugqibeleni, nowesithathu - sokufunxa. Ukutya kugqitha kule ndlela yokwetyisa, ukwahlulwa kwazo kunye nezinto eziluncedo ekuyo (iiminerali, iivithamini, iiprotheni, njl ...), - ufake egazini.

enzyme

Ngalo mbandela ingqalelo ukuba bukhali. Inkqubo sokugaya oluntu (umsebenzi, isakhiwo kuxoxwe ngasentla) - oku yinxalenye entsonkothileyo kakhulu yaye ezininzi umzimba wethu. Ngaphambili, oko kukhankanyiwe odlulayo ukuba iqulethe enzayim ezichaphazela ukwetyisa ukutya. Ngoku makhe sithethe ngezi izinto ngakumbi uzibhala zonke.

Le amylase lusicande le glycogen kunye otashi, oluthi luqokelelane ukusuka maltose. Yena, ke, luyasetyenzwa maltase. Yaye ekupheleni iimolekyuli ezimbini glucose zifunyenwe. Ezi enzyme kuba ngamathe.

Imfundo izinto ezibalulekile enzyme

Pepsin kunye chymosin equlathwe esiswini. iiproteni ukudla, emva koko edala peptides. Zepancreas iqulethe trypsin, ukuzilungisa ezi peptides efanayo. Ngenxa yoko, le acid lufumaneka. Amylase kunye lipase uyazifohloza amafutha kunye istatshi.

Esinyini inyongo kunye wesibindi iqulethe iityuwa, leyo ezivulwa ngenxa enzyme, kwaye emulsified amafutha. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, kukho amagama ambalwa kufuneka athi malunga enzayim ye emathunjini amancinci. Ukuba kukho okuninzi: maltase, yelactose, phosphatase, sucrase ... Bona waqhekeza eninzi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kusekwe izinto ezibalulekileyo eziyimfuneko ukuze umzimba. Le glucose, fructose kunye phosphate free.

zempilo

Esi sihloko yokugqibela ekufuneka athathwe phezulu, wayethetha ngento na inkqubo zokwetyisa komntu. Human - inzululwazi, leyo kuvavanywa iinkcukacha umzimba womntu neyodwa yawo. Kunye neengcaphephe ziingcali kule intsimi, ukucebisa bonke abantu iliso impilo yabo. Inkqubo kokudla nako bedinga unonophelo, kuba ubaleka ngokuqhubekayo.

Uyacetyiswa ukuba ukuyeka ukutshaya. Amawaka ityhefu kwemichiza emzimbeni, cheb abangele isisu ubuhlungu. Kule nkalo, elo nxeba gastritis, heartburn kunye nezilonda.

Kukwabalulekile ukuba nexhala. Xa umntu uphantsi koxinzelelo, wokugaya iqala ukubaleka kancinci. Ngenxa yoko - ukulahlekelwa wokutya, kwaye umzimba ayisekho ufumane izondlo ezibalulekileyo kunye neevithamini.

Utywala - nalapha akukho amazwana zifuneka. Isibindi, injeke, izintso - kuyo yonke kuwa. Kwaye ukucola ukutya. Into efanayo kwenzeka ngenxa ukutya ukuzila. Le ukutya okungekho mpilweni kakhulu ngokukhawuleza ehlabathini utshabalalisa iphecana lethu zesisu.

umzimba, kakhulu ekhawulezayo Absorption ukutya, yokuginya iziqwenga lonke iimveliso eziyingozi ukuba musa ziqulathe iivithamini kunye nefayibha, okunamafutha kakhulu, ezinetyuwa, okuneziqholo, ishushu, okanye ukutya kubanda kakhulu - konke oku kuchaphazela kakubi inkqubo yokwetyisa. Ukuba oko akunakwenzeka ukugcina uphawu lwe linjalo, oko ubuncinane kufuneka eze ukutya okunempilo ukuze kwisidlo sakho. Fruits, iimveliso zobisi, amanzi izimbiwa, imifuno - konke oku kuya kunceda ekuphuculeni microflora amathumbu kunye ukutya. Kwaye ke, kubalulekile ukuba zonke iimveliso kunye izitya zicocekile. Ucoceko kubaluleke kakhulu.