Daniil Kharms: biography, umsebenzi

1928. Leningrad House of Shicilela uphazamisekile intetho impikiswano ababhali abatsha bethi OBERIU. Bona bawucula imibongo ububhanxa ebhaliweyo, wabeka absurdist "Elizabeth BAM", nokuba phezulu bonke phezu ihlabathi wobonakala filimu obandayo esinesihloko ethembisayo "Inyama sokuhluza '. Chief phakathi oberiutov yaba Daniil Kharms, biography egama ngumxholo kweli nqaku.

kwiminyaka yokuqala

Imbongi elizayo wazalwa ngoDisemba 30, 1905. Loluthando umsebenzi wokubhala kwadluliselwa zemfuza uDaniyeli, uyise, waba imbalelwano kunye yaseChekhov kunye Tolstoy, wayengaziwa kuphela kwimisebenzi olululo, kodwa iisampulu ebuhlanti, kunye nomama wakhe amanene ngokuzalwa, waba isigxina yokuhlala. biography emfutshane Daniila Harmsa iquka ukukhankanywa imfundo bakhe esikolweni German ye nelungelo. Emva kokuba Revolution kokuba ikuluhlu iLeningrad elektrotehnikum, apho singakhatywa kunye ibinzana elithi "bangasihambi kakuhle" yokungasebenzi kwimisebenzi karhulumente. "

Imvelaphi Umsebenzi wokubhala

Xa esilimaza Daniil Ivanovich, biography egama umxholo wezifundo ezininzi, waliguqula igama lakhe Yuvachev ekugqibeleni yakholwa italente yakhe ngumbhali? Ukusetyenziswa yokuqala alias kwenzeka ekuqaleni 1920. Impendulo amagama "tywaleni" (ezahlukeneyo ezininzi, phakathi kwabo - Hharms, Haarms yaye akukho wamiliselwa Karl Ivanovich) wazama ukufumana neziyelelane ezininzi. Eyona sinengqondo kufuneka kuqaphele umzekeliso IsiNgesi nesiFrentshi. Ukuba umonakalo lokuqala - i "umonakalo" igama yesibini kuthetha ngathi likhubalo, nomtsalane.

E malunga tywaleni wabhala nemibongo yakhe yokuqala. Njengesikhokelo, oko ukhetha Hlebnikova, okanye mandithi admirer A. lwayo Tufanov. Emva koko, le "Order of zaumnik" niwuzalise i imbongi abanetalente ezifana Daniil Kharms. ngobomi bakhe nayo ibonisa ukuba ngowe-1926 waye wajoyina i-All-Russian Union of Iimbongi, apho wagxothwa lweeprogram ezingezoze-iintlawulo zemirhumo.

Oberiu

Isiqingatha sokuqala 20 kufuneka Kharms kunye Vvedensky nolwazi Druskin, ngubani na umseki wesangqa ye "chinar". Kamva, bakhona, noDaniyeli, ngubani wagqiba ukumanya bonke ababhali "leftist" phantsi kwegama elinye, iqela elinye - Oberiu. Imele le complex njengoko segama 'Association of Art Real ". Yintoni umdla kukuba, kweli qela Manifesto, eyapapashwa ngo-1928, isikolo "zaum" oberiuty wathi abanenzondo kakhulu kuye. Ichitha nethe ukutshatyalaliswa kwamagama, umdlalo zisaqhubeka ububhanxa. Injongo yale qela endalo lwehlabathi kulindeleke ehlabathini. Oberiuty wafuna ukucima umba ukusuka 'ngeengxam ezabe zoncwadi ", ukuyenza inkolelo wokwenene ngakumbi. Oku kusebenza kokubili ngokucacileyo imifuniselo yayo avant-garde (imihobe "Ububi yokuqokelelwa amaRoma", "Ndandicula ..."), kwaye usebenza ngokufaka uphawu ezihlekisayo.

Ichaza tywaleni kunye ngumkhuba ehlekisayo xa miniatures iprowuzi njenge "Notebook inani iBlue-10", "Sonnet", "shiti Women Endala." Ngokutsho kwakhe, ingqiqo kubugcisa kufuneka ezahlukeneyo ukusuka imihla. Ngokomzekelo Ayize nakanye uphawula xa umzobi, saphule imithetho komzimba, ezinye iba likhaba singakugqwethi umlinganiswa ophambili, nto leyo ke, akuthinteli thina, ukuba ababukeli, ukuze ndincome ubuhle kubonisiwe bendalo. imisebenzi kakhulu uDaniyeli wadala (umz, i ngasentla "Elizabeth i Bam"), nto leyo ngokulula ubulungeleyo kwimeko kwezinye imifuniselo oberiutov.

Usebenza abantwana

njani ukuphuhlisa ngakumbi ngobomi Daniila Harmsa? Ngokuba abantwana, waqala ukuba abhale ekupheleni 20, bahlangana kunye nenani iimagazini. Ndasebenza apho kunye namanye amalungu Oberiu, kodwa, ngokungafaniyo kubo, kulimaza sengqondo onoxanduva umsebenzi wabo lwangoku, elisuke laba ukuthanda bayahlelwa lesixhobo yakhe kuphela ingeniso. Le mibongo kwijenali upapashwe, iphazili imbongi, wapapasha iqela leencwadi ( "I yokuqala neyesibini", "Game" njalo njalo. D.). Abanye babo umlomo okanye akukhuthazwa ukuba amathala eencwadi oluntu, ngoxa abanye wayemthanda kunene phakathi abafundi abatsha.

Ichitha ngo 1930

kwaba nzima ukuba ababhali abangazange afune ukubeka italente yakhe yokuthutha Eli xesha. Phakathi kwabo kukho noDaniyeli kulimaza. Biography (elithi Philaretus, kunokuba) ngexesha echaziweyo imigca buhlungu lo mbongo "Kutyelelo ekhayeni zombhali ...". Imbongi angala ukubhavuma efumanise ukuba abahlobo bakhe bayityekisela kuye lowo evuna yombhali. Ichitha ukubanjwa lokuqala lwenzeka ngo-Disemba 1931. Ngokusemthethweni, isigwebo enxulumene nemisebenzi imbongi entsimini iincwadi zabantwana, nangona isizathu lokwenene kokubanjwa kwakhe yayinokuthanani Oberiu. Kuyabonakala ukuba, urhulumente waseSoviet angamxoleli ngenxa eyothusayo, ezihlekisayo into engahambi okuluphawu ubuciko avant-garde - waqonda ukuba Daniil Kharms. Biography imbongi kwi imi--30 lentlekele ezahlukeneyo yeengcinga rhoqo nokuswela. Noko ke, ukuze kujongwane nazo wamnceda naye umfazi wakhe wesibini - Marina Malich, yena wahlala imbongi ukuya ekupheleni kobomi bakhe.

ukufa

yaqala imfazwe. Ichitha wadibana defeatism kwakhe kunye nokuba mathidala ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kulo, apho wabanjwa okwesibini. Ukuze angabulawa, kulimaza wazenza engqondweni. Yena yafakwa kwisibhedlele sabagula ngengqondo, apho wafela ngexesha to- kokungqingwa eLeningrad. Ngoko ke, waqukumbela bakhe umsebenzi Daniil Kharms, engobomi kunye nelifa obugcisa bakalokunje umdla omkhulu.