Ukulungiswa Capital lwezindlu kwigumbi: ukuhlawula okanye hayi? Izinga kulungiswe izakhiwo zokuhlala

Irisithi lokuhlawula eluncedo wathumela ngabemi eRashiya, kukho umgca - "ukulungisa". Zeziphi izizathu zomthetho ngokwenza ukuba kuxwebhu intlawulo bazo? Zeziphi izigqeba banoxanduva nokuqokelelwa kwengeniso karhulumente ukusuka abemi ezi njongo, kwakunye nokusetyenziswa ngendlela ebonakalayo kuncendile?

Ingaba kufuneka ndihlawule ukulungiswa ezinkulu?

Ewe, ngokungqinelana nomthetho Russian, ngokuyimfuneko. uhlengahlengiso efanele umthetho ziye zaziswa ngo-2014. ukwenza abanini Apartment ukuhlawula imali kwimali, nto leyo umiselwa ziintlawulo ezivunyiweyo yi zowiso zesifundo ethile ye-Russian Federation yaye iya kubalwa ngokususela kwindawo yokuhlala kwizakhiwo. Oko kukuthi, ixabiso ehambelana kumiselwe ngabasemagunyeni, lithi liphindaphindwe ngenani yesikwere seemitha lwezindlu.

Ngoko ke, xa kuthethwa umbuzo onxulumene ngezenzeko ezifana kuncendile ukulungisa izakhiwo zokuhlala (ihlawulwe okanye hayi), waphendula thina. iminikelo Ukutshatisa na ufuna. Ngelo xesha Code Housing iqulethe imiqathango phantsi apho abanini izindlu nokulondoloza ilungelo ipropati le mali. Ukuba ngummi ethengisa ngendlu yokuhlala lowo wenza iminikelo ukuba kutywinwe iintanda, ilungelo lokusebenzisa izinto ezinxulumene idluliselwa kumthengi.

ukulungiswa Capital izakhiwo zokuhlala: ulwazi ngokubanzi

Kukho amacebo ezimbini ezisisiseko, phantsi apho kuncendile ukulungisa izakhiwo yokuhlala kunokwenzeka. Umthetho luthatha ukuba alingana ngokusemthethweni - yiyo ukhetho yabemi.

Iskim lokuqala - usebenzisa iinkonzo mali ezizodwa lwengingqi - amaziko imeko NGOs. Okwesibini - nokudalwa akhawunti eyahlukileyo baziqwebele imali ukuphumeza ulungiso olumandla.

Kwimeko yokuqala, imiqathango kunye nenkqubo ukulungisa ibhalwe inkqubo ekhethekileyo yommandla. Kulo mzekelo yesibini, umthombo nalo kubalulekile, kodwa abemi ngaphakathi emiselwe unakho ukulungelelanisa imiqathango efanelekileyo ukwenza umsebenzi efunekayo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ndlu nganye ubomi inkonzo ngokungqinelana nemimiselo. Ukuba ngexesha xa isakhiwo ngokungqinelana njengekhrayitheriya waphawula kufuneka kulungiswa, abemi musa ukwenza i akhawunti eyodwa, iwela phantsi kolawulo ngumqhubi lwengingqi.

Iindleko ukuba kutywinwe iintanda izindlu kumasipala uvelisa igunya ezifanelekileyo zasekuhlaleni. Iminikelo ukuba kutywinwe iintanda umnini kwenza. Kulo mzekelo, uMasipala. Kodwa zokuhlala fund yokuhlala yabucala olu xanduva kwamagxa abanini zokuhlala.

Kuphi iirisithi

Indlela abanikazi ziya kusiwa kokufumana ukungcitywa sentlawulo, kuxhomekeke khetho ekhethiweyo imali abekwe. umthetho yazo inikeza, njengoko sele sibonile ngentla apha, ezimbini: kwi-akhawunti eyahlukileyo okanye ngenxa yomqhubi lwengingqi. Kwimeko yokuqala, irisithi athumele HOA, elinesibini - amaziko karhulumente ezijongene kuncendile ukulungisa izakhiwo zokuhlala. Ukuba isakhiwo sokuhlala ilawulwa kwinkampani yolawulo indawo, isibophelelo ahambelanayo ukubahlangula akhawunti zabemi eziwabelweyo.

imihla ukulungisa

Inkqubo ukulungiswa elikomkhulu izakhiwo indlu, ngaphandle kokuba umthetho kwayo yenziwa phakathi kule mida nexesha zixhomekeke, okokuqala, kwixesha kulondolozo reserve beengxenye ezithile ukwakha isakhiwo yokuhlala, yaye okwesibini, indlela wokusungula capital ahambelanayo.

Ukuba imali oqokelela umqhubi lwengingqi, kuncendile lwenziwa ngokungqinelana nenkqubo evunyiweyo. Njengomthetho jikelele, ikakhulu indlu kulungiswa, ube kwinqanaba elibalulekileyo ukuguga. Ngokuphathelele imeko apho fund lemali ulungiso ikomkhulu izakhiwo indlu lelifa HOA, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ixesha elimiselweyo kule program yengingqi, jonga ixesha, apho umsebenzi ochaphazelekayo kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kufuneka lwenziwe. Kulindeleke ke ngoko, ukuba HOA liya kuba nako ukuphumeza kuzo ngokukhawuleza kunokuba oko kwenza operator lwengingqi.

Ukuba imiba ebandakanyekayo kwiziko loluntu ukungcitywa, inkalo ebalulekileyo lokusekwa ukulandelelana lwezindlu zokusilungisa - oku ingqeqesho intlawulo abanini yokuhlala. Ukuba abemi akakuthandi kakhulu kwintlawulo elisexesheni imali yezinkonzo, oko kuchaphazela ixesha ulungiso eyinkunzi emakhayeni abo. Kodwa ukuba banxibe isakhiwo yokuhlala ngokucacileyo eyenza kube nzima ukusebenza, ngoko kungakhathaliseki ixabiso amatyala kwi yezinkonzo ukulungiswa enokwenziwa kwiziko ngexesha kakhulu kangangoko oku kunokwenzeka.

Nceda-mali karhulumente

Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo ekufumaneni ikapitali, yalathisa ukulungisa, uncedo kubemi, ukuze ukutshintshela iimali ukuze kugcinwe indlu, ingaba karhulumente. Ngoko ke, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kwimimandla emininzi iquka imali lulungisa mali ehambelana 50-100%, kuxhomekeke kudidi loluntu ngummi.

Ingakumbi abaqhubi zemimandla

Makhe sihlolisise le nkcukacha yabaqhubi ezininzi yengingqi, leyo sesitshilo ngasentla. Yintoni na le maziko? Kwiimeko ezininzi, umbutho ongenzi nzuzo, aqhutywa kugunyaziwe wesigqeba ngingqi, nenoxanduva zokuyenza loo ukulungiswa eyinkunzi kwezakhiwo yokuhlala. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isakhiwo sikarhulumente, ekusekeni abaqhubi zommandla ekuthiwa Ubulungiseleli HCS okanye enye indlela efanayo.

Eyona umsebenzi yabaqhubi ekuthethwa, - ukuzilawula ngokupheleleyo iinkqubo ezifana ulungiso olukhulu ekhaya, ukusukela ekuthumeleni iirisithi abemi kwaye awugqibe iinkqubo nokwamkela umsebenzi wokwakha ezinxulumene ne lilungiselelo sakhiwo. uxanduva lwemali ukuze imisebenzi ezi zakhiwo udla urhulumente Federation.

Imisebenzi ye yabaqhubi zommandla kucingelwa ukuba icace kakhulu: umzekelo, ingcaciso ebonisa iziphumo imisebenzi le mibutho zidla iposelwe kwi sites zabo. Wonke umnini, ngaloo ndlela babe nako ukubona indlela anda fund lemali ulungiso olukhulu zezindlu nendlu yena ngokwakhe ihlaziywa rhoqo, ukuze aqhelane uluhlu imisebenzi ekufuneka yenziwe ekhaya, okanye ulwazi malunga nokusebenza iikontraki.

elubala okunjalo umsebenzi abaqhubi zemimandla onxulumene umnqweno abasemagunyeni ukwandisa intembeko yabemi. Ukuba akukho mntu ukubuza imibuzo malunga ihambo, ukuba ahlawule alungise eyinkunzi izindlu indlu okanye hayi iinkonzo ezahlukeneyo. Abantu kufuneka baqonde ukuba umqhubi - yinto isakhiwo ozinzileyo, kwaye ayiyi kumka kunye imali ihlawulwe.

Okukodwa kweenkqubo zommandla

Ziintoni iimpawu iinkqubo zemimandla, njengoko apho NGOs elinoxanduva ukwenza ukulungiswa elikomkhulu Izakhiwo zokuhlala, aphumeze iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo?

Enyanisweni, bona uluhlu lwe izakhiwo indlu eyakhelwe ku mxholo nokumanyana, kwaye bazi intswelo yabo ukulungiswa eluphahleni, olungaphambili, iziseko, kunye nezinye izinto ezibonisa iimpawu ukuguga. Le program ayibandakanyi indlu, ithathwa ngexesha likaxakeka, kwakunye izakhiwo musa iqulathe kwi sezulu isakhiwo lwepropati eqhelekileyo.

Ilungu ibalulekileyo yale program, kuncendile sokusebenza izakhiwo yokuhlala - ithayimthebhile umsebenzi ochaphazelekayo. Oku kwakheka kwi isiseko ezahlukeneyo izinto ezifana iqondo imandundu kwezakhiwo, lokudla kwabo, kwezinye iimeko - ubungakanani kwityala bahlali Izixhobo zikaWonke, njengoko sibonile ngentla.

Yiyiphi indlela ukukhetha nokwanda kwemali eyinkunzi?

Ngoko ke, siye safumanisa ukuba kukho iindlela ezimbini ukuqokelelana eyinkunzi, leyo ke isetyenziswe ekulungisweni ezinkulu kumakhaya zokuhlala; ngenxa umsebenzisi lommandla okanye HOA okanye ngoncedo kwinkampani yolawulo. Yeyiphi indlela engcono? Mhlawumbi, phakathi kwabo yaye akazange enze umahluko kakhulu?

Inzuzo ephambili konyango yomqhubi lwengingqi - saving time. Abemi abayi ukuchitha ixesha sibulisa enxulumene nesigqibo imicimbi yombutho zemali kunye neminye enxulumene nokuphunyezwa kwe-mthetho malunga nokuziphatha ulungiso ezinkulu Izakhiwo zokuhlala. Iinkonzo zifumaneka mahala NGOs efanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela ephawuleka ngokungabikho ngokucacileyo umsebenzi - ulungiso olukhulu enokwenziwa kuphela ngexesha enikiweyo inkqubo yengingqi, njengoko sele sibonile ngentla apha.

Ngoko ke, ukuba abaqashi banethemba ukuba babe nako ukwenza kuncendile ukulungisa indlu ayikho kwishedyuli, yaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, kufuneka umkhwetha kuvulwe i-akhawunti eyodwa, apho baziqwebele iimali eziyimfuneko. Kakade ke, kulo mzekelo, kuya kufuneka achithe ixesha ukusombulula inani elikhulu imiba zombutho. Nangona kunjalo, xa isakhiwo HOA, njengoko umthetho, ekwaziyo ukusombulula iingxaki ezinjalo abantu. Kakade ke, kuya kuba nzima ukuba uyavuma ukwenza umsebenzi simahla, kodwa umphumo kulindeleke abemi ngokuqhelekileyo hlamusela iindleko ezinxulumene. Ngoko ke, imeko enjalo gqitha kugxekwa yi bemizi emininzi iza kubanjwa rhoqo ukulungisa izakhiwo zokuhlala. Ukuhlawula okanye hayi abaqeshwa HOA, yaye ukuba kunjalo, njani - imiba iqwalaselwe kwiintlanganiso efanelekileyo.

Ngoko ke, thina uluhlu iingenelo eziyintloko ukhetho isigxina imali mqhubi lommandla:

• elingqamene elisombulula onke amalungiselelo ayimfuneko;
• ngemisebenzi abaqhubi zengingqi abekho phantsi intlawulo;
• uhlobo olufanelekileyo NGOs kufuneka uxanduva esidlangalaleni ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo.

Luncedo xa eli cebo: ixesha kuncendile ngqo zingohluka kwezo ezinqwenelekayo nabanini zokuhlala.

Cinga inzuzo lokuvula akhawunti zazo ukulawula imali ukulungiswa:

• Ungacwangcisa nayiphi na imiqathango emalunga ukuyalela imisebenzi eziyimfuneko kunye neenkonzo;
• inokufunyanwa ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye neekontraka kakuhle;
• kuyenzeka ukuphumeza amaxabiso ummiselo obunokuguquka iifizi ukulungiswa.

Eyona ethile iphambili yale nkqubo: kuthatha ixesha lokuququzelela impefumlelwano HOA kunye neekontraka ezahlukeneyo neesuphavayiza. Kodwa ke, njengoko sibonile ngentla apha, xa isakhiwo bemizi basoloko abemi esisebenzayo Abaxhobele negalelo isisombululo imiba efanelekileyo.

Indlela ukuhlela ulawulo ezimeleyo imali?

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba abemi isigqibo ukwenza ngokwabo, ngaphandle kokubhenela kwi iinkonzo ze ngumqhubi lwengingqi. Ngoko ke, lo ngezimali ukulungiswa ikomkhulu izakhiwo zokuhlala ziya kulawulwa ngokupheleleyo abahlali ngokwabo. njani I kuququzelela self-ulawulo ngokwemiqathango zokusombulula iingxaki ezinxulumene kuncendile?

Kuqala kwinto zonke, endlwini kufuneka ukusebenza HOA. Kulo mzekelo, oko unako ukukhonza kuphela isakhiwo yokuhlala ethile. Ukuba emizini embalwa, kulindeleke ukuba inani lilonke zokuhlala hayi ngaphezulu kwe-30, ukuba ukubekwa kwi kwisayithi enye.

Kwintlanganiso bemizi iya kumiselwa ubungakanani intlawulo angqinelanayo ukulungiswa eyinkunzi kubalele kwigumbi ngalinye. ngeke ibe ngaphantsi kwe kwizinga ebekwe kwi izenzo zomthetho yommandla elawula kwisigaba lwezindlu kunye neenkonzo zoluntu ixabiso layo ubuncinane. Ukungcitywa - kukuthi, eneneni, uluhlu lweenkonzo ezinikezelwa kwiinkampani zokwakha. Kuyimfuneko ukuba amkele uluhlu lweenkonzo ezifanelekileyo. Kulo mzekelo, asifanele zibandakanya umsebenzi ngaphantsi kwe kucacisiwe kule program yengingqi. Abemi kufuneka isigqibo ixesha kuncendile ukulungisa. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kamva ngaphezu koko kuchaziwe kule program yengingqi.

Abanini nako isigqibo ukwandisa okanye ukunciphisa ixabiso yeefizi ukulungiswa. Nakuba kunjalo, amanani esihambelanayo kufuneka ibe phakathi kwemida emiselwe ngumthetho. Imali esele ziqokelelwe xa kulungiswa, abayi cashed ngaphandle inani amaxwebhu ebalulekileyo, ezizezi imizuzu yentlanganiso jikelele apho ajenda - kuncendile ukulungisa kunye unokontraka, kunye nesenzo nokwamkelwa protocol lokugqibela, nto leyo ebonakalisa umsebenzi owenziwa.

Ixabiso kweentlawulo

Ngaphezu sibonile ukuba izibonisi zokusebenza ezingundoqo, nto leyo akhiwa ngenxa yeendleko kobunini ezinxulumene kunye nokusekwa kwe-mali lwemali olufanelekileyo - izinga ukulungiswa elikomkhulu izakhiwo zokuhlala, ovunywe kummandla, indawo zokuhlala, kwakunye nexabiso zembuyekezo iindleko labahlali mali karhulumente.

Icandelo "ifomyula" yokuqala ixhomekeke ngoogunyaziwe benqila. Umzekelo, beka kwi Rostov kummandla imali kuncendile ukulungisa izakhiwo zokuhlala yi 6,60 engange. macala nganye. m. Lo mzobo ehambelana ezibhalwe isigqibo kurhulumente wengingqi. Kwingingqi Voronezh nezinye manani, leyo zibalwa ngokusekelwe iminikelo zokusilungisa elikomkhulu izakhiwo zokuhlala, eMoscow unelungelo ukuba ngamalungisa ngeyawo indlela.

izinga ubalwe ngaphambili zivunywe ngurhulumente lwengingqi esekelwe ndlela, nolwathi lwaphuhliswa Ministry of Development yeNgingqi Russian Federation, oko kukuthi, kwinqanaba federal. Kuthathwa ukuba ubungakanani iminikelo echaphazelekayo iya kubalwa ngokusekelwe kuvavanyo kwinjongo kwimali iyonke imali kufuneka ndihlawule imisebenzi kunye neenkonzo eziya kubangela ukuba kwenziwe ukuze bazise avareji isakhiwo zokuhlala ukuze emva kweminyaka ngaxeshanye.

ukuba ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela neemfuno izohlwayo komthetho

Ingaba kukho naziphi na isohlwayo ukuba ngummi egqiba yena akafuni negalelo ukulungiswa kwezakhiwo yokuhlala? Ukuhlawula okanye hayi kuba - umbuzo ukuba akayi kunikwa. Ewe, kukho izohlwayo. Iintlawulo ekuthethwa zibonelelwa yi umthetho federal. Ukuba umntu akayi kwenza kubo, oko - isizathu esivakalayo ukuze kwakhiwe yetyala kunye accrual koko izohlwayo kwimeko yokungahlawuli. Malunga efanayo kwimeko ukwala ukutshintshela iimali kwezinye iinkonzo zoluntu. Ukuba ungummi uyala ngokwesiseko ukwenza mali olufanelekileyo kunye neentlawulo ezinxulumene kwiintlawulo emva kwexesha, imali ziza kufunyanwa kuye yinkundla.

Ngubani olawula ingeniso-mali?

Ukuba abanikazi baye bagqiba ukuba ukunika isakhono enxulumene nokuphunyezwa kuncendile, umqhubi lwengingqi, ngubani oza kwenza phakathi kwehlabathi lonke ulawulo phezu imali ezinxulumene inkcitho? Ngaphezu sibonile ukuba uxanduva mali epheleleyo ukuze komsebenzi NCB echaphazelekayo kufuneka urhulumente wengingqi rhoqo.

umlinganiselo imali eyongezelelweyo wokhuseleko - kule nezithintelo bakhupha babo abaqhubi zengingqi. Ngoko ke, intlawulo ukulungiswa Sasilikomkhulu bakhi wesakhiwo ziya kuqhutywa yi yibhanki kuphela xa NGO uxanduva lolungiso ezinkulu, ukubonelela lo protocol, ebonisa iinkcukacha yokuhlangana wokulungisa, kwakunye isivumelwano kubonelelo ngeenkonzo ezifanelekileyo kunye nesenzo ukwamkeleka. Kananjalo kuya kufuneka ukuba lo protocol yokugqibela enxulumene ekuvunyweni umsebenzi owenziwe ikontraki. Iimfuno efanayo, ngasendleleni, siye ezidweliswe ngasentla, echaza nkcukacha zolawulo lwemali ukuba kutywinwe iintanda yi-HOA.

abaqhubi zoMmandla zinyanzelekile ukuba angenise ulwazi malunga nomsebenzi wabo, abasemagunyeni manani kwi Federal Tax Service kunye namanye amaziko, ukuba kuyimfuneko ngokomthetho. Kwezinye iingingqi, ezivunywe ngezenzo zomthetho ukuba umqhubi zommandla kufuneka nyanga nganye uthumele kwamanani uhlolo izindlu accruals imali ukwenzela ulungiso olumandla. Olu lwazi nako ukuhlangabezana kunye nabemi - ngokusebenzisa site.

Umsebenzi NGOs akhiwa oorhulumente kwimimandla Russian akuxhomekekanga kulindeleke ukuba zithathe inxaxheba ngqo njengezifundo ze zomthetho nezobudlelwane labantu zabucala. Zonke izivumelwano ezisayiniweyo liqumrhu elisemthethweni, uxanduva isifundo ngamandla. izakhiwo zolawulo efanelekileyo kwimimandla ezenza enawo amalungu angabameli ekhokelwa ngamagosa - umzekelo, oku isenokuba isekela Intloko yokuqala mmandla. I Bhodi ye Trasti kwi zoth olawula kuncendile, nazo zibandakanya abameli izakhiwo zemibutho yabasebenzi, iziko lowiso-mthetho.