Cruiser vehicles "Rurik" (1892). Unjengeenqanawa Russian Imperial Navy

Cruiser Russian "Rurik" kwazeka kuyo kubulela ihlabathi ukuba idabi lungalinganiyo yaseKorea Gulf ebudeni bemfazwe Russian-Japanese. Singqongwe abasebenzi wagqiba ukutshona emkhombeni, abetha wafuna na unawo welinye iqela. Phambi kokoyiswa kwi Korean Bay Cruiser kulawulwa iinyanga ukuze lisasazwe iingalo fleet Japanese, esiza ukuhlaselwa Vladivostok.

zokwakha

Le Cruiser odumileyo vehicles "Rurik" yaba ngumqondo isityalo lweBaltic. Le nqanawa wadalwa ekufudumaleni ohlanga zomkhosi, ndawonye nesinqanawa yaseBritani. Le nqanawa ke ifanele ukuba ibe analogu elingene IsiNgesi cruisers fast "Blake." Ngowe-1888, le iinjineli izityalo lweBaltic ziye ecetywayo iprojekthi equlunqwayo Admiral Chikhacheva kunye Naval Technical Committee (ITC).

project Draft layilwa ngokutsha. Xa MTK Cruiser elizayo "Rurik" kukuphelisa ukungachani zoyilo kunye nezixhobo zobugcisa. Imizobo ziye zamkelwa * uKhesare Alexander III. Ukwakhiwa yaqala ngo May 19, 1890. Emva kweminyaka emibini yomsebenzi Baltic zalapho walungisa Cruiser "Rurik". It yasungulwa ngo-1892, yaye ngowe-1895, inqanawa wavalelwa ukusebenza.

Bekucingelwa ukuba inqanawa liya kuba lelokuqala kuthotho cruisers efanayo. Ezakhiwa emva kwenyanga "Stormbreaker" yaye "Russia" babengakholwa amawele, nokulungalungiswa (kunye ukufuduka ukwanda). Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, i "Rurik" Cruiser elapho interceptor ezinokubakho iinqanawa zabarhwebi yaseBritani. Wayemelwe ukuba ukuze asetyenziswe xa kuthe imfazwe Great Britain. Ukongeza, i-terms of reference yaba imfuneko ukwenza isithuthi ukuba uyeke kuLwandle lweBaltic ukuya East Far ngaphandle kokuba imane kunye namalahle. Ukuze uhambe le ndlela, abasebenzi kwafuneka ukuba kudlulwe ngeenxa iilwandle eseMazantsi phantse yonke Eurasia.

In the Pacific Fleet

Phantse nangoko emva Cruiser "Rurik" yakhiwa, Navy wagqiba ekubeni maziphoswe emlanjeni Pacific Ocean. Le redeployment iye yanxulunyaniswa ekunyukeni uxinzeleko kwiMpuma Ekude. Indawo ubhaliso inqanawa intsha kwizibuko Vladivostok. impixano waqonda ne United Kingdom ayizange yenzeke.

Kunoko, ngoFebruwari 1904 kwimfazwe Russian-Japanese. Ngelo xesha, "Rurik", njengesiqhelo, waye e Vladivostok. Elandelwa ukuze aye elwandle kunye nokuqhankqalaza kwi ukuthutha zorhwebo kunye namanzi Sino-Japanese. Ukuya imikhombe yolwandle banikana ubulisa kunye umzi. Bahamba isihlwele abahlali. Umsebenzi ophambili we-butho, nto leyo ukongeza kwi "Rurik" liqulethe "Bogatyr", "Russia" yaye "Stormbreaker", yaba sicwangcise imikhosi yaseJapan. Ukuba yahlulelana fleet utshaba ke, ngoko Khusela inqaba ePort Arthur wayeza kuba lula.

"Rurik", osebenza kuLwandle eJapan, ukuze ayichithe iinqanawa zothutho ephethe amajoni kunye imithwalo emkhosini, iinqanawa zonxweme zibekwe phezu kweendonga izakhiwo yotshaba. Njengokuba Cruiser leyo kakhulu lixesha isenzo umholo kungaba kuphela iqela lonke kunokuba ngamnye. Vladivostok ibutho babuya kuphela yokupaka, kuyimfuneko ukuba nizalise unikezelo sishiywe.

Kwiphulo lokuqala

I Cruiser Uhambo lokuqala hit the Tsugaru Strait. Kwacetywa ukuba ithagethi esilandelayo iya kuba isixeko Wonsan (Wonsan yanamhlanje). Noko ke, endleleni yenqanawa ezibanjiswa uqhwithela. Ekubeni Kwakusebusika kwikhalenda, amanzi ungena umpu, kwakhawuleza wajika waba ngumkhenkce. Ngenxa yoku, i-butho yaba azalufanelekela amanyathelo. na ngokwenene iimeko zemozulu kunye nemozulu yayiyiminyaka engcono. Ukuze ushiye Vladivostok cruisers kwafuneka alinde ukuba icebreaker luya kuvula babeyihamba bay zibambene.

Nantso into ngenkxamleko ebangelwe urhulumente IsiRashiya ukuya kuthatha inqaba Chinese of ePort Arthur oko. port wayo nto qa. Ngobuchule kakhulu kwakunye lula ePort Arthur wayefuna ukufumana i yaseJapan. Esi sixeko kunye iinqanawa ababekuso yayivalekile. Ibutho "Rurik" kwakufuneka kubasasazela imikhosi yotshaba ukwenzela ukunciphisa le meko uyezibuko de ukusekelwa kwakukho iinqanawa kwiBaltic Fleet. Ngenxa icing imipu squad wabuyela ngokufutshane Vladivostok.

protection Vladivostok

walungisa "Rurik" Izibuko wizard. Cruiser (uhlobo leyo transport) kuchuma kutya, waza waphinda wabetha endleleni. Eli phulo yesibini. kwakungekho iinqanawa Japanese elwandle. Kodwa lo kohambo butho Russian kwanyanzeleka utshaba lokuphosa inxalenye imikhosi yazo ukuba oyike Russian.

NgoMatshi, utshaba butho, wayishiya uLwandle Yellow ukuya kwisiqithi Askold uPetros the Great Bay kufuphi Vladivostok. Kwiyunithi aba zakutshanje Japanese nenqaba Cruiser "Azuma", "Izumo", "Yakumo" yaye "Iwate". Bona ababehamba iinqanawa ukukhanya ezimbalwa. Butho wavula lomlilo Vladivostok. Kweqokobhe labhabha ladibana mzi, kodwa abantu abazange boyika kancinci. "Rurik" bakuzuzile ababekungxamele kwi zibuko phakathi kwemizuzu elishumi emva kokuba kuqhume yokuqala wabonisa. Xa bay bekukho umkhenkce. Bandifikela uphume ngokukhawuleza kwi zibuko. cruisers iqembu waba kwi Ussuri Bay ngexesha xa yaseJapan ayesele bashiya izikhundla zabo. Ngongcwalazi, iinqanawa abapasa omnye iikhilomitha mabini, nokuganga phambi kotshaba elundini kwaye ziyamiseka. Ukongeza, e Vladivostok baqalisa ukoyika ukuba Japanese ndaweni kufuphi ngasekhohlo ngabam.

mngeni emitsha

Ukungaphumeleli iintsuku zokuqala imfazwe kwakhokelela abasebenzi zengeniso kulawulo izithuthi. Urhulumente tsarist amisiweyo ingqwayi-Admiral Makarov. Wamisa phambi kokuba "Rurik" kunye butho yakhe mngeni emitsha. Kwagqitywa ukuba bashiye yesicwangciso behlasela kunxweme Japanese. Kunoko, "Rurik" Kwafuneka ngoku ukunqanda ukugqithiselwa imikhosi utshaba Wonsan. Eli zibuko Korean yaba beachhead Japanese, ukusuka apho waqalisa imisebenzi emhlabeni.

Makarov avunyelwe ukuya elwandle kuqamba (nokuba izithuthi okanye izithuthi ngamnye). Wayexoxa ke ngenxa yokuba izixhobo Russian ngokomelela ngempumelelo ngaphezu yaseJapan. Admiral kwakuphosakele. Shapkozakidatelskie isimo eRashiya kwi olwandulela imfazwe yaba nezolo. Abantu Japanese musa ukuqonda bangi ezinzulu.

Uqoqosho lweli lizwe laseAsiya ixesha elide bahlala bodwa. Kwaba kuphela kwiminyaka yakutshanje eTokyo waqalisa ukunyanzela utshintsho emkhosini kunye weenqanawa. mabutho matsha entlalo zakhiwa imodeli Western eYurophu. Izixhobo yathengwa ngolwasemzini, kwaye kuphela arcade games. Ungenelelo Japanese kwiMpuma Ekude eMoscow wakhangela phantsi, kuqwalaselwa upstarts Japanese. Kungenxa yale ukungakhathali lidakile yonke imfazwe. Kodwa ngoku, amathemba abo ayicacanga, kwaye kwikomkhulu ngethemba eyona kunye nesibindi oomatiloshe Russian.

herring ebomvu

Ngaphezu kwenyanga, "Rurik" waba zibuko. Ngelo xesha, Admiral Makarov wabulawa kufuphi ePort Arthur. Waye phezu wempi "Petropavlovsk", izisa isigcayiseli. Japanese High Umyalelo ugqibe ukuba emva kokufa ezibuhlungu Admiral Russian ixesha elide akazange pop ngaphandle engqongwe ePort Arthur. Ngoko ke, e Tokyo wayalela yokutshayela qela, ezinze Vladivostok.

Ngelo xesha, "Rurik" kwakhona imi. Ngeli xesha, butho athabatha iindlela zawo zabhekisa ngakwicala isixeko Japanese ka Hakodate. Elwandle, wambamba isitya zothutho, apho zitshone yi inomzimba, owaqala "Russia." Amabanjwa ukuba kufuphi i butho Admiral Kamimura. Ke iinqanawa Russian babuyela Vladivostok, kwaye sele bengekafiki Hakodate. Xa ithuba lucky, eli xesha amaqela ahlangana. iinqanawa Kamimura abantu babomelele ngakumbi yaseRussia, nto leyo enokukhokelela bazoyise isigqibo.

Kodwa kule "Rurik" akuso ukufeza ngempumelelo le njongo. Vladivostok kwadingeka ukuphambukisa yinxalenye imikhosi yotshaba ukusuka ePort Arthur. Ekubeni iinqanawa April Kamimura engasekho ekhohlo kuLwandle eJapan, leyo kuphela ezandleni Russia. NgoMeyi, ukuqondana unelishwa, Cruiser "uMofokeng" waba ingozi, wafihlwa emaweni Cape Bruce. Emva kokuba isehlo kwi butho ngasekhohlo iinqanawa ezintathu.

Ukulwa kwiStraits of Shimonoseki

Ngosuku lokugqibela spring-1904, cruisers ezintathu kwakhona waya ukulwa ukuqubha. Ngaphambi kokungena Strait of Shimonoseki, Bakhubeka phezu iinqanawa zothutho Japanese. abaqhubi Radio ngobuchule ukubeka erediyo, ngenxa apho utshaba wayengakwazi ukuba ufake ukubandezeleka kubiza Admiral Kamimura. iinqanawa Japanese saa. Ngentsasa elandelayo, inkungu kwi Cruiser elundini onogada "Tsushima".

Inqanawa ezama ukubaleka kwaye ukufikelela elunxwemeni. It waqala ukuhlanganyela jikelele. butho Russian wakwazi yogqithe inqanawa zothutho "Izumo Maru." Kuye zitshone emva bombardment kakhulu. Ukususela inqanawa anyothule ngabantu ezilikhulu. Abanye uqubha kumacala ahlukeneyo. Amaqela "Rurik" yaye "Russia" wagqiba ukuba sahlukane "Gromoboya" kwaye bayeka ukufuna.

Emnyango iStrait of Shimonoseki yalikhanyisa omnye izithuthi yotshaba. Inqanawa wazama ukuya ram "Gromoboya," kodwa akubangakho nto kuwo. Yena wadutyulwa ngaxa uluhlu ezingabhalwanga ekugqibeleni wakhawula yi inomzimba. Inqanawa yazika. Kwaba malunga lamawaka kunye howitzers enamandla elinesibhozo, leyo wayehamba Japanese ukusebenzisa angqingo ka ePort Arthur. Indawo engqongwe isixeko libuya. Kwezi meko, butho Vladivostok phantse abazange elwandle, ukuba uyayeka kwi zibuko, kuphela restock ngokukhawuleza. Ixesha ukuze izilungise okanye ukutshintsha iindawo ezindala azizange.

last

Emva uqhubela kakhulu Agasti 14, 1904 le Cruiser "Russia", "Stormbreaker" yaye "Rurik" Ekugqibeleni analoo fleet Japanese. Kwakukho iinqanawa ezintandathu. Bona kuno iNkundla Russian wokhuseleko isikrweqe kunye firepower. Vladivostok wona waya iinqanawa zoncedo izama kukuphuma encirclement Port Arthur.

guns Japanese zaye rate kunye enamandla ngaphezu esibayeni-4 ukudubula. Le ratio uzimisele isiphumo buhlungu edabini. Ekuqaleni le ngozi, kwacaca ukuba utshaba inzuzo. Ngoko kwagqitywa kwelokuba abuyele ngeenqanawa kwizibuko Vladivostok. Yenza oku akunakwenzeka. Le ngemipu ye Cruiser "Rurik" bazama ukugcina utshaba kumgama othe ekhuselekileyo, kodwa emva kokuba ivolibholi kakuhle ijolise ukutya inqanawa ndafumana umngxuma yingozi.

Ngenxa yokuba esiwa wayeka ukusebenza ivili lokuqhuba, yalahleka ulawulo. Le wagaleleka lamagumbi amanzi. Steering Umcinga kunye enqamlezileyo batywiliselwe ngeyure. Yabe sele ngqi, ngenxa yokuba yintoni crew umkhumbi imeko nonesi ukuzenzela nto. Isantya beenqanawa baqhubeka ndinciphe, nangona wabamba ikhondo yangaphambili. "Rurik" (Cruiser 1892) waqalisa barhuqe emva ezinye iinqanawa butho. Distance landa ngokuthe ngcembe phakathi kwabo.

yayibiyelwe

E Korea Strait butho Russian beza phantsi umyalelo uKarl Jessen. Xa umthetheli waqonda ukuba ukho undonakele, wanikela umyalelo, 'Russian "yaye" Stormbreaker "inshorensi" Rurik "ngomlilo Japanese. Iqhinga Diversionary okwaba engenamsebenzi. Amabutho yezi nqanawa ukubulawa okukhulu. Oomatiloshe kunye namagosa zawa ufile phantsi umlilo utshaba enzima.

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, "Russia" yaye "Stormbreaker" banyanzelwa ukuba bashiye yaseKorea Strait. Okokuqala, uYese babenethemba lokuba le cruisers Japanese vehicles, emele ingozi enkulu, ukusukela ukuba ezizezona zibalulekileyo kunye ashiye "Rurik" yedwa. Gun isikhephe kumkhusela ekuhlaseleni beempahla zemiphunga. Ukuba iqela wakulungisa umonakalo, lo Cruiser wayeza kukwazi ukuqhubeka nohambo lwabo ebuyela ekhaya okanye ubuncinane besiya kunxweme Korean.

I-Japanese ngenene wamlandela "Russia". Noko ke, xa phesheya ukufikelela Imperial Navy iinqanawa zone, wabuyela edabini. Ngelo xesha, "Rurik" wayezama ngamaqhinga yaye waqhubeka ukuxhathisa, nangona ngenxa umonakalo firepower yakhe buthathaka kakhulu. Ngoko ke abasebenzi izame enkunzi yegusha leyo ke iinqanawa Japanese lokukhanya. Abo bakwazi ukuphuma kwaye siphephe, waya phezu imigama emide. Bonke ke ayishiyile, ngoko ke ukuba alinde de inqanawa eqalisa kutshona singqongwe, yaye ukufa Cruiser "Rurik" iya kuba kunqandwa. Ekugqibeleni oomatiloshe Russian lasungula inomzimba kwi utshaba ixhoba yokugqibela ithumbu inomzimba. Noko ke, enomjukujelwa ekujoliswe ayizange hit.

Order ivanov nantathu

Ekuqaleni edabini wafa kumthetheli "Rurik" Evgeny Trusov. Olimele kabi yaye igosa eliphezulu obekumele ukuba endaweni yakhe. Inani elipheleleyo labantu 800 zabulawa kwiqela ka-200, yaye malunga ne-300 balimala. Le yokugqibela lokusinda Igosa eliphezulu wabonakala uKonstantin ivanov. Ekupheleni lokulwa iiyure ezintlanu-, xa isiphumo yayisele kucacile ukuba, indoda leyo yathabatha umyalelo.

Ngelo xesha, yaseJapan waqala ukunika iimpawu ukuba niyavuma ukukwamkela emuva yotshaba. Butho umthetho yi Admiral Kamimura Hikonodzo. Yena wabuya nje ukusukela "Russia" yaye "Gromoboya" kwaye ngoku elindele impendulo bayingqonga nqanawa. Xa uYohane waqonda ukuba zonke iindlela ukuxhathisa ziphelisiwe, wayalela ukuba ukutshona le nqanawa. Ngokuqhelekileyo izithuthi Russian zisetyenziselwa le njongo, iintlawulo ezizodwa, apho kwawasingela phantsi isitya. Kodwa ke eli xesha ke ziye zonakaliswa. Ngoko ke abasebenzi wagqiba ukuvula Kingston - valve ezizodwa. Emva koko amanzi agalelwa kwinkqubo emkhombeni nokuba namandla. "Rurik" (Cruiser 1892) ngokukhawuleza zitshone, nengozi, kuqala kwicala lasekhohlo, kwaye ngoko ngaphantsi kwamanzi ngokupheleleyo.

Feat nozuko Cruiser

Russia walahlekelwa imfazwe Russian-Japanese, kodwa umkhosi wayo kunye weenqanawa kwakhona ehlabathini lonke aye abonisa inkalipho yabo kunye nokuzinikela lwalo. E Korea Strait Cruiser "Rurik" nemoto neenqanawa ezibe kakhulu mihla ngakumbi yaye unamandla ngakumbi kunaye. Iinqanawa ezavalwayo ngezakhe amahlwempu, Noko ke, wathabatha umlo. Feat Cruiser "Rurik" lwaye kakhulu nje kuphela ekhaya kodwa kumazwe angaphandle, kwaye nkqu eJapan.

igosa uKonstantin ivanov e oogxa bakhe wayenxiba inani 13. Yaba isithethe yomkhosi wamanzi oluya kwi namesakes. Emva kokuba imfazwe kunye abuyele kwilizwe lakhe, yena bawongwa iimbasa ezininzi (njengazo zonke comrade bakhe). I koMlawuli, yakuva egumbini lakhe, umyalo wakhe liphezulu walitshintsha igama ligosa. UKonstantin ivanov uKonstantin ivanov baba lishumi. Namhlanje, wenqanawa Russian iyaqhubeka ukuba bakhumbule ubuqhawe kunye nenkonzo nothembekileyo Cruiser. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba ngo-1890 inqanawa wakhonza oyintloko nabagadi babaviwa abancedisayo le iwotshi Alexander Kolchak. Kamva waba gosa, uze emva koko - enye neenkokeli intshukumo White kunye iqela eziphambili urhulumente ye'Bolshevik omtsha.

Ngowe-1906, le Cruiser "Rurik 2" ngoMay. Kuye ogama lakhe behlonipha ezihlangwini zakhe, kwana ebudeni bemfazwe Russian-Japanese. Le nqanawa yaba aziwa kwiBaltic Fleet. Le Cruiser "Rurik 2" wathabatha inxaxheba kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, ehamba umlilo rhoqo iinkundla waseJamani. Le nqanawa wabulala. Siwela kudutyulwa-20 Novemba 1916 kude nonxweme Gotland.