Battle of Kulikovo: ibali elifutshane. 1380, nguDmitry Donskoy, zolotaya Orda Mamaia

Kwinkulungwane XIV ubulawuli Russian waqhubeka ephila phantsi kwedyokhwe Golden mkhosi. Kwakungekho owawunenjongo enye yezopolitiko, nto leyo enokukhokelela kumzabalazo ochasene Mongols. Loo indima yawa ukuya ubulawuli eMoscow. abalawuli bayo obulawulwayo ephumelela ukhuphiswano yaseTver.

Ukuhlanganiswa emhlabeni eMoscow

Oko kwakhokelela eMoscow irhafu ukuqokelela i Golden mkhosi. Ngowe-1374, emva kokuba Mamai inkxaso Prince saseTver kumzabalazo etroneni Vladimir kunye nguDmitry Donskoy wala ukuhlawula kuye igolide eqokelelwe labantu. Kwixesha elizayo, ungquzulwano ijikwe ibe imfazwe evulekileyo.

umkhosi Russian baphanga kuMbindi iVolga nangezinto. Ngowe-1377 bagxothiwe phezu enxilile emlanjeni. imikhosi eMoscow asabela emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa. On Vozha Umlambo ikwaze Murza Begich. Nangona kunjalo, ezi amadabi zaye izingeniso kuphela ukulwa ezayo.

Qokelela umkhosi yaye ulwakhiwo lwalo

Ngo-Agasti 1380, nguDmitry Donskoy walungelelanisa ukuqokelelwa onke amabutho Russian. Phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe baba i Army kunye nezinye izilawuli. Yokuba uninzi baba Suzdal kunye SMOLENTSEV. Kwakhona Kweza webutho encinane saseTver, eyayikhokelwa ngumtshana ka-Prince of IGdańsk. De kube ngoku, kukho mpikiswano, apho ukujoyina Novgorod.

Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa Don bakwazi ukuqokelela phantsi kwebhanile yayo ku-70 lamawaka amadoda. Lo mkhosi uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu. Webutho, sikhulu kweli ziko elikhokelwa nguDmitry. Kwi ilungelo emi Yaroslavl ekhokelwa Vladimir Andreyevich - Serpukhov prince nomzala Don. Ekhohlo wakhokela Bryansk irhuluneli Gleb. Apha Kweza ngesibetho enamandla, xa Idabi Kulikovo Field ngo-1380.

Endleleni eya kwilizwe umkhosi Mongols Muscovite watyelela Sergiya Radonezhskogo. Owaseka Emnye Lavra of St. uSergiyo wayesaziwa kulo lonke elo lizwe. Nemibingelelo yoxolo, wabasikelela abantu wamnika Dmitri amaqhawe ezimbini, ababa iimonki ngaphambili - Peresvet kunye Oslyablyu.

Umama ucinga ukuba umkhosi Russian akabanga nabuganga ukuya Oka kwaye uthathe indawo ukuzithethelela, njengoko kwenziwe amadabi ezidlulileyo. Noko ke, nguDmitry wayefuna ukuba ukubetha kuqala, ukwenzela ukuba uvumele AmaTatar ukudibanisa kunye namahlakani. Eli nyathelo yayiyingozi kakhulu - wasala emva zonke zolondolozo kunye nezibonelelo. Kwimeko yokwehlulwa, umkhosi wayeza kufa ngokupheleleyo kwaye ukubuyela ekhaya.

Nangona umkhosi Russian waya Don, anamathele amabutho Lithuanian. Bakhokelwa oonyana UAlgirdas - nguDmitry kunye Andrey. Ngaphantsi izibhengezo zabo abahlali Pskov, Polotsk, njalo njalo. D. Emva kokufika ukusekelwa, kwagqitywa ekubeni Vladimir Andreyevich iza ekhokelwa yi webutho, elalele, Andrey Olgerdovich iya kukhokelela amajoni ukuya ngasekunene Don.

Mamai wayelungiselela ukulwa phantsi kweemeko ezinzima. The Golden hlokondiba waqhubeka imfazwe yamakhaya. Mamai esongela Tokhtamysh enokuba kuhlasela utshaba ngqo ngenxa iVolga.

Ikhosi ye edabini

Xa amajoni Russian wawuwela Don, ke ngokukodwa Ndazitshisa zonke ezo kwo. Oku kwenziwa ukuze ku Mamaia wayengakwazi ukufumana namahlakani akhe phakathi kwezinye iinkosana Lithuanian, kunye Ryazan. Ekugqibeleni 7 Septemba umkhosi wema endaweni yakhe, elinde utshaba. Vladimir A. kunye Dmitriem Bobrokom-Volyn wathunyelwa uAshera, apho ndivela imikhosi amatsha kuzo isigqibo. yonke ngokuhlwa kunye ngobusuku imikhosi Don waquqa kwaye ahlole imeko yabo. Ke Tartars wafika kulo iintlola yokuqala Russian.

NguDmitry wayefuna ukuba babandakanyeke ngqo kwi emfazweni phakathi kwamasoldati zesiqhelo. Waguquka isikrweqe nomnye abanokuzityand zakhe. Nangezinto, bengazi malunga leli cebo, wabulala umntu lowo bathabatha isikhulu.

Battle of Kulikovo, ingxelo emfutshane zikhoyo kwi kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zemithombo yoncwadi, yaqala ngo September 8. La majoni ndawonye phambi kwemini emaqanda, silindele ukuba umphathi komyalelo.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba umlo kunye Peresvet Chelubey waqalisa kwemfazwe Kulikovo. A ibali elifutshane, okanye mandithi ngamazwi esi siganeko - kwaye oko kwenza kubelula ukuba, ukuba asingethi, kudane okubhaliweyo ngokupheleleyo encwadini yeembali! Yaba lisiko wamandulo, xa ababini egorheni kakhulu enamandla - nye kwisizwe ngasinye amaqela alwayo - walwa Tete-a-uTete. Zombini abakhweli abaye bafa zokubethwa leekopi.

Ke bobabini imikhosi lalwatyuza ukuya komnye. Kuvuthelwa engundoqo wawa embindini kunye ephangweni lasekhohlo squad Russian. Abanye abantu apha wanqanyulwa intlama engundoqo. Ukulwa waqala baleka Nepryadva, ngenxa apho kwakukho ingozi lekhefu diff. Hot waye Battle of Kulikovo. amabutho Russian balahlekelwa kakhulu, kwabonakala, wayesele eza yabongamela utshaba ...

Attack babhacela butho

Ngeli xesha kwi emterebhintini apho kufuphi kwabakho ukubangisana phakathi Vladimir Serpukhov kunye warlord Bobrok. Inkulu wayefuna ndixabela AmaTatar phantse ngoko nangoko emva kokuqalisa edabini. Noko ke, irhuluneli sathetha, kwaye squad wayelindele ixesha elifanelekileyo, ngoxa imfazwe waqhubeka intsimi Kulikovo. A ibali elifutshane ngayo, ngasendleleni, iqulathe umsebenzi wokubhala "Zadonshchina" ebhaliweyo ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XV.

Ekugqibeleni Tatar kwamabutho aya Nepryadva, nokusukelana abalekayo butho ngasekhohlo. Yaba ngalo mzuzu amajoni, abo bemlalele, wabetha ngayo utshaba. Mabutho akazange abe nexesha baleka ngexesha yaye ngokoqobo utshayelwe emlanjeni. Ngelo xesha lasungula iyunithi ekhubekisayo phantsi kobunkokheli Don.

Lonke eli xesha Mamai walandela imfazwe kwakude, engqongwe neqembu yakhe. Emva kokukhutshwa squad abalaleli, waqonda ukuba baphulukana kwemfazwe Kulikovo. A ibali elifutshane esi siganeko ayikwazi azibonisi le meko ukuba namandla phezu edabini. Akhwaze, ukumemeza, nibuye umva phithi wabaleka ngokuphakuzela AmaTatar ...

impi Liyaphela

Abasabileyo ubambeke malunga 50 neekhilomitha kude. Ezigciniweyo kuphela isishumi amabutho yotshaba. Chase kwakhokelela Vladimir Serpukhov. NguDmitry Donskoy walimala, kunye nabalingane ayikwazanga ukufumana phakathi izidumbu ezininzi. Ekugqibeleni wafumana ezinde elinwabileyo. It Wankqonkqoza aphume isali, nesikhulu yakwazi ukuba ukugaqa ehlathini. Wafika ke, yena ilila waqalisa Siyavuyisana abaphumeleleyo.

Battle of Kulikovo ngo-1380 yaqala kunyaka enye yaphela. Amaxhoba waqala ukuqokelela, bancwine abahlatyiweyo. Neenqwelo Wasolula for leekhilomitha eziliqela. Lithuanian Prince Jagiello, ngubani engafikanga phezu iingeniso umama, ukufunda uloyiso Russian, uqhela ekhaya. Noko ke, ezinye iindawo kuyo waya rob Bulalani usele. Ryazan prince kwakhona lenqaba umfela kunye nomama lambongoza lathi "omncinane" ngokunxulumene kumlawuli eMoscow.

inani

Battle of Kulikovo, eyaqala iholide yonyaka eRashiya, kwakhokelela ekubeni eMoscow sele lisekiwe ekugqibeleni ngokwayo ibe yinkokeli yezopolitiko. Zolotaya Orda wangena uthotho iingxaki neemfazwe zamakhaya. Noko ke, ezingamakhulu amabini ananye eminyaka khans ayo ngathi ukufuna inani eRashiya. Ekugqibeleni idyokhwe ithe yawa phantsi Ivan III, ngo-1480, emva emi Ugra.

Le status luqinisekiswa iziganeko phambili zembali. Malunga kwempi iingoma Kulikovo legends zenziwa ngabantu. Kuye laba uphawu lobukhulu lizwe. In Russia mihla, Septemba 21 (Septemba 8, Old Style) yanakanwa Imini Military Glory.