Komele yenkqubo entsha: imvuselelo yomkhosi Russian

imfazwe ayakhathaza lonke kwinkulungwane olungazolanga 17, ukuba buthathaka-mkhosi kunye nokungakwazi yayo ukukhusela urhulumente ukuhlaselwa lutshaba - zonke ezi zinto zidibene ukudala iimeko eziyimfuneko ukuze ngokusekwa omnye umkhosi Russian, leyo lwaqala ezishelfini kwale nkqubo intsha.

ekuqaleni

Kuba okokuqala lokucinga ekudalweni imikhosi ezintsha weza ixesha elinzima kwaye elinzima kwimbali yethu - Ngexesha Iingxaki, yatsha isisongelo eyoyikekayo lokuhlasela amazwe. Ngeli xesha abadlali amazwe imbambano eqeshiweyo ngabavukeli ukulwa umkhosi Polish. Kungelo xesha awathi Michael Skopin-Shumsky, ngokunyanisekileyo abachaphazelekayo izenzo yamxhel'omnye ye elihamba abanobuchule Swedish nesibindi ukuze alwe kuhlaselo le hussars Polish, wagqiba kwelokuba ukuhlela umkhosi sample amazwe - Dutch kunye Swedish. Komele yenkqubo entsha, eyenziwa ngokusisiseko ye umlimi ngabavukeli, yaqokelelwa kwi Novgorod yaye liqeshe 18 amawaka abantu. Yena wawafundisa izixhobo abanobuchule Belgian Hristier iSomme, ugxininise amaqhinga ukuba kuliwe mabutho, apho inani pikemen zigqunywe musketeers musket - isixhobo iphambili ixesha.

Impumelelo kuqala

Nokuba uqeqesho ungxamile, komele kwenkqubo entsha ngoSeptemba 1609 waphumelela uloyiso eziliqela ezibalulekileyo phezu izibonda ezo: Moscow waphuncuka ukuqapha waza wabuya kwizixeko ezimbalwa, ohlisa amajoni abahlaseli umva. Kodwa Ixesha Iingxaki wenza uhlengahlengiso iziganeko ezilandelayo. Emva yingozi Skopin-Shumsky umkhosi iyaphalala. Yaphela kanjalo icala umbutho ngempumelelo regiments of sample amazwe.

Umzamo yesibini

Imfuno ukubuyela ESmolensk, wanika izibonda, kanti imvuselelo sempi enamandla kakuhle elinye umfutho zokudalwa regiments esitsha ngo-1630. Qala le nto nzima leengcaphephe Swedish kwaye Dutch ekupheleni kuka 1631 kwasekwa webutho, 2, ngasinye apho inani labantu 1600. Ekuqaleni kwacetywa ukwenza ekuthengeni regiments abantwana izinduna abangenamihlaba, kodwa bengenamdla kwinkonzo elihamba, waza wagqiba ukuba umkhosi Cossacks kunye abatoli nabantwana.

Yitsho webutho kuthwalelwa phandle abantu ekuqaleni kakhulu kwamanye amazwe. ibutho ngalinye yayiquka iinkampani 8, waba phantsi kolawulo sashiya, sombutho, ezinkulu nabathetheli ezintlanu. Xa inkampani ngamajoni, kwakukho 200, apho 120 baba musketeers kunye 80 - pikemen. Inani regiments lakhula ngokukhawuleza: ekuqaleni kuka 1632 apho sele baba 6 (abantu 9000).

Ukususela kowe-1632 kwaqalisa yokuqala indalo Reitarska webutho, le izinduna kunye nabantwana wabanumzana, ogama amanani ekupheleni konyaka 1721 lenyuka indoda. Iquka ukuba okokuqala laququzelela ibandla Dragoon, yaye kungekudala kwasekwa kunye webutho olwahlukileyo dragoons, equka iinkampani ezili-12. Komele yenkqubo entsha ngexesha 1632-1634 gg. aba esiyintsika yale bengamabutho ngamabutho, ukulwa-ukulungele iiyunithi 10 ukubala 17 amawaka abantu zadalwa. Alwa ngobukroti, baba nesibindi yaye iyatyhudisa, Obonakalisa yobugorha imfazwe nxamnye imikhosi ophezulu utshaba, kodwa kukuphumelela imfazwe iRashiya iye akuphumelelanga. Yaye ekupheleni regiments ekulweni nkqubo emitsha zipheliswe. Lilinge yesibini zokuhlela mkhosi nabo baphumelela gabhu phakathi kuphela.

Isigaba sesithathu

Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, ngowe-1638, urhulumente entsha ukubunjwa iinxalenye imodeli entsha ukukhusela kwemida zantsi eRashiya. Wayesongamela yokulungiselela bengamabutho ngamabutho, leyo ibekwe ekubhobhozeni Novgorod, Cavalier kunye jikelele, i-eliNgesi Tomas Daleyl.

regiments Ndiyila kwakhokelela ukuqhuba ukugaywa datochnyh amadoda ngenkani ababekhonza entwasahlobo uye ekwindla yaye ebusika ukuba kutyatyamba kumakhaya abo. Le nkqubo iye akagwetyelwa ngokwayo: impembelelo yoqeqesho olunganelanga ezinxulumene iholide olukhulu. Ngoko ke, ukuba imizi kwezinye iilali southern kunye nemizana lwaqhutywa ngo-1643-1648, ngokulandelelana, njengoko abalimi ezibhalwe dragoons.

uguquko Military Alexei Mikhailovich

Phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-17 eRashiya yabalasela isiganeko esibalulekileyo kakhulu kweli lizwe - ngenxa yomthetho Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich waqalisa ukuba kubekho uhlengahlengiso olukhulu yomkhosi bafumane iindawo kakuhle kwenkqubo endala - ophambili Moscow amahashe zasekuhlaleni, musketeers eMoscow gunners, kunye nokudalwa yokulwa liyunithi kumfanekiso sele yabonisa ikhono labo zomkhosi regiments.

Kwimeko imfazwe Russian-Polish ka 1654-1667. ezi zihlanganisi baye isiseko esomeleleyo ukuze imikhosi exhobileyo eli lizwe. Komele zale nkqubo omtsha Alexis - ijoni kunye dragoon yinxalenye skomplektovat datochnyh abantu owathunywa ukuba inkonzo ubomi. inkonzo lonke iye yaziswa.

Reitarska regiments kwasekwa nje kuphela datochnyh, kodwa kubanumzana abangamahlwempu kwaye basale, Cossacks kunye nabantwana boyar. amakhulu Noble ngokupheleleyo idluliselwe inkqubo Reitarska. A nyathelo ngobuchule obalulekileyo kukhethwe ubume abakhwele ekhwele lancers - Hussars. amava Swedish ekuqhutyweni impi kwaye kuxhotyiswe aluvumanga luncedo kakhulu, besithi ukufana i-Russian kunye amahashe Swedish. Isakhono engenasiphoso kunye nezixhobo hussar enkulu kakuhle zizakubalulwa ezi zihlanganisi kwimeko-bume amahashe Russian.

ikratshi Russian

Komele yenkqubo entsha embindini. 17c. wabumba phantsi kolwalathiso kwamagosa abaqeqeshwe kakuhle. Ngexesha lemfazwe, yena owathunywa alwayo samadoda ubuncinane ikhulu lamawaka, kwaba ukuyondelelana kwendlela ingcamango kwendalo kweeyunithi zomkhosi ezinjalo. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane komele kwenkqubo entsha - kuba yeyona nto ibalaseleyo kweli imikhosi eqalisiweyo elizayo ngokusekelwe umkhosi rhoqo noloyiso Russian.