Karelian Front kwiMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic

IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic ithathwa lalawo kubantu Soviet. Yena wanyamekela iingqikelelo, malunga nezigidi ezingama-40. Ubomi. Impixano kwaba senziwa ngokuhlaselwa ngesiquphe izintlu Wehrmacht kwi eSoviet Union Juni 22, 1941.

Zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze ukusekwa Karelian Front

Adolf Hitler ngaphandle isilumkiso wanika umyalelo wokuba ngesibetho esikhulu yonke umgca ngaphambili. USSR, okungalungiselelwanga nezokhuselo, bahlulwa omnye emva komnye kwiminyaka yokuqala yemfazwe. 1941st waba kuba Red Army kunyaka zinzima, kwaye Wehrmacht akwazi kufikelela eMoscow.

amadabi zinkulu kulwelwa Stalingrad, Moscow, iLeningrad kunye nakwezinye iindawo. Noko ke, amaNazi azama ukoyisa nakwimimandla ngaphezulu wasentla. Ukuze uphephe oku, Northern i Front yadalwa, elawula Karelian Front.

History of indalo

Ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic i Karelian Front yenzelwe ukuthintela utshaba ukuba zingene Arctic. yasekwa Ukulwa amandla Agasti 23, 1941. Oku kusekelwe iiyunithi ngamnye emkhosini wangena phambi wasentla. Esiyintsika yale amandla bafika we-7 kunye th 14 Army. Ngelo xesha wombane imikhosi emibini wawalwela kangangethuba umgca ngaphambili elide, ukusuka kuLwandle Barents ukuya Lake Ladoga. Kamva ngokuba "Indlela of Life". kwikomkhulu Front yayimi kwi yaseBelomorsk ukuba ibekwe kwi Karelian-Finnish Soviet Republic.

Karelian Front ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II anika inkxaso nakuMntla Fleet. Umsebenzi ophambili, nto leyo kwafuneka banyamezele abantu abalwa - kukuqinisekisa ephangweni yomntla wokhuselo qhinga ye-USSR eMntla.

7 Army ndarhoxa Karelian Front ngo-1941. NgoSeptemba 1942, wancediswa umkhosi abathathu, kwaye ekupheleni konyaka omnye - yaye inxalenye Air Force-7. umkhosi 7th ubuyele ngaphambili kuphela ngo-1944.

balawuli ngaphambili

Ingqwayi lokuqala Second World War i Karelian Front waye uMajor General of the Red Army V. A. Frolov, ngubani wayalela imikhosi yiSoviet kweli cala de Februwari 1944. Ukususela ngoFebruwari ukuya kuNovemba 1944 Front ekhokelwa yi Marshal eSoviet Union K. A. Meretskov.

butha

Sele ku Agasti 1941, emva kokuba inyanga enesiqingatha emva kwasekuqalekeni impi, utshaba bafika Karelian Front. Ekubeni ilahleko elinzima amajoni Red Army bakwazi ukumisa kwangaphambi Wehrmacht, waza waya ukuzithethelela. Iintshaba babefuna ukuthatha phezu mmandla ekwincamzwe, kunye amajoni Karelian Front waya umsebenzi yokukhusela ummandla ukusuka 'North "Army Group.

Nokusebenza Arctic yokhuselo ngangosuku 1941 ukuya 1944 - ukuba boyise kwiinxalenye Wehrmacht eSoviet Union. Ngowe-1941, Arctic yoKhuselo naye waya Air Force of Great Britain, abanika inkxaso ebalulekileyo imikhosi emhlabeni kunye fleet ye-Red Army. Nceda UK kwakufanelekile, kuba amaJamani namandla emoyeni.

Abendlu ka-Karelian Front abagcina ukuziphendulela kule migca ilandelayo: umlambo Zapadnaya Litsa - Ukhta - Povenets - Lake Onega - umlambo Svir. NgoJulayi 4, utshaba wakwazi ukuhamba emlanjaneni Zapadnaya Litsa, apho waqalisa amadabi ikrakra. izenzo Bloody Uyalwa kwakhokelela ekunqandeni izigulo imikhosi owayelutshaba 52 elihamba Division of the Karelian Front. Uye walungiselela inkxaso elikhulu Marine.

Iingalo Karelian Front zathatha inxaxheba Murmansk operation ukuzithethelela. Bakwazi ukumisa phambili kule nkalo. Emva koko, lo myalelo yaseJamani yagqiba ukuba akukho kuphinda kuzama ndiwuthimbe lo mzi ka Murmansk ngo-1941.

Entwasahlobo konyaka ozayo, amaNazi wayefuna ukuba umva unachieved ngaphambili aphesheya - Murmansk. I-Red Army, yena, wayecebe ukuba aqhube umsebenzi zimphathe ehlise abendlu ka-Wehrmacht ukuba kude kufikwe kumgca umda USSR. Murmansk ekhubekisayo lwaqhutywa ekuqaleni ngaphezu ngamaJamani wayecebe ukumanya ukuhlasela. impumelelo enkulu nayo, kodwa akazange avumele fascists ukuba kubekho ukuchasa yayo. Ekubeni Murmansk operation kule nxalenye phambi iye yazinza de unyaka-1944.

Medvezhegorsk operation

Januwari 3 Karelian imikhosi ngaphambili ngokusesikweni omnye umsebenzi - Medvezhegorsk, olwaqhubeka kwaze-10 Januwari okufanayo ngowe-1942. Nomkhosi kwindawo obuphantsi kakhulu ukuya utshaba kwamanani kunye nezixhobo, kunye nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi emkhosini. Utshaba onamava kakhulu ngakumbi ukuziphatha neemeko kwindawo enehlathi.

Ngentsasa ngoJanuwari 3, i-Red Army lasungula kuhlaselwa ithala zokudubula encinane. Inxalenye Finnish Army asabela ngokukhawuleza uhlaselo yaye yaqalisa ezibukhali kwaye engalindelekanga iSoviet amajoni balwe. Karelian Front Umyalelo wasilela ukulungiselela isicwangciso yokuhlasela kakuhle. Amajoni wenza ipateni, ukubabulala enye ngokufanayo ulwalathiso, ngenxa yoko utshaba nako ukulwa ngempumelelo kubo. A ukuziphendulela ngempumelelo umkhosi Finnish kukhokelele ilahleko enkulu yi-Red Army.

amadabi sijorha musa abe nempumelelo enkulu, baqhubeka de-10 Januwari. umkhosi eSoviet wakwazi phambili kwi-5 km nangaphezulu ukuphucula imeko yabo. January 10 utshaba wafumana ukusekelwa kwaye ayeke ukuhlasela. amabutho Finnish aye wagqiba kwelokuba abuyele kwizikhundla zabo zangaphambili, kodwa ke iingalo Karelian ngaphambili akwazi yokugxotha yokuhlasela kwawo. Ngexesha lo msebenzi, imikhosi Soviet wakwazi ukuba akhulule kwilali Velikaya Guba.

Svir-operation Petrozavodskaya

Summer of 1944, ngilwe luqilima emva kokuba senze ukususela ngowe-1943. amabutho Soviet, eziye phantse indawo imikhosi Wehrmacht ukusuka kummandla waseUSSR, umsebenzi Svir-Petrozavodsk lwenzelwa. Oko yaqala ngoJuni 21, 1944, kwaqhubeka de-9 Agasti wonyaka omnye. Juni 21 kuhlaselwa ingxabano evela kulungiselelwa zokudubula enkulu kunye emoyeni ugwayimbo enamandla utshaba izikhundla ukuzithethelela. Emva ekuqaleni kokuba ndiyoyisile le Svir River, kwaye ngethuba ekulweni nomkhosi ikwazile ukuba sibamba bridgehead kwelinye icala. Ngosuku lokuqala yahlasela yimpumelelo - imikhosi Karelian Front eziphuhliswa kweekilometa eziyi-6. Usuku yesibini yokulwa waba impumelelo engakumbi - iiyunithi ze-Red Army yakwazi tyhala utshaba elinye ozikilometa eziyi-12.

Juni 23 ekhubekisayo uyazibambisa 7 Army. waphumelela yahlasela, kunye nomkhosi Finnish baqalisa iyindawo ucaphula ngosuku olulandelayo ukususela ekuqaleni yokusebenza. Icala Finnish akaba nako ukuyenza kuhlaselwa nayiphi na imiphambili kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba arhoxe ku Vidlitsa ngasemlanjeni, apho wamisa ukuzithethelela.

Ngaxeshanye, asakhasayo ekhubekisayo 32 Army, nto leyo iye yakwazi wasithimba isixeko Medvezhegorsk, nto leyo angazange ukuba uya kuziphumeza ngo-1942. June 28, i-Red Army lasungula ezikhubekisayo kwi sixeko ebalulekileyo enobuqhinga - Petrozavodsk. Kunye imikhosi aselwandle ye-Red Army wakwazi ekukhululeni isixeko ngosuku olulandelayo. Omabini la macala kule mfazwe baye balahlekelwa kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, i Army Finnish akazange abe imikhosi fresh, kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba baphume kuwo umzi.

Julayi 2 Karelian Front waqalisa ukuhlasela kwizikhundla utshaba kwi Vidlitsa emlanjeni. Kakade de 6 Julayi sichithakele ngokupheleleyo waluthethelela ngamandla amaNazi, kwaye Soviet Army yakwazi phambili esinye-35 km. izimpi kwenzeka ukuya ku-9 Agasti, kodwa abazange ukuzisa impumelelo - utshaba igcinwe lokuzithethelela tight, baze ke batolike beyichaza ukuze babengcakaza sisuswa izithuba esele zizifakile.

isiphumo operation yaba ngokoyiswa iiyunithi utshaba wabamba i-Lithuanian SSR, kunye nokukhululwa eli lizwe. Ezi ziganeko eziye zakhokelela ekubeni Finland ifumene esinye isizathu kukuyeka emfazweni.

Petsamo-Kirkenes ekhubekisayo

Ukususela 7 Oktobha ukuya-1 Novemba 1944, i-Red Army, ngenkxaso kwizithuthi ibanjelwe ekupheleni umsebenzi ngempumelelo Petsamo-Kirkenes. Oktobha 7 enamandla ukulungiselela zokudubula, emva koko kwinqanaba lohlaselo waqalisa lwenziwa. Ekuhambeni ngenxa yesifo ngempumelelo zizigungxule iinqaba utshaba Pestamo sixeko yayibiyelwe ngokupheleleyo.

Emva zathathwa ngempumelelo Pestamo basiwa kwidolophu Nikel kunye Tarnet, yaye kwinqanaba lokugqibela - idolophu Norwegian Kirkenes. Ekubeni abanjwe eentloko ezaxhobela Soviet ukubulawa okukhulu. Kwidabi mzi inkxaso ebonakalayo kuzo amajoni eSoviet waba amadoda Norwegian.

Neziphumo zoshishino

Ngenxa yoku kungasentla igama ukusebenza ubuya nomda Norway eFinland. Utshaba sele ithathelwe ngokupheleleyo, yaye sele ukulwa kwintsimi utshaba. November 15, 1944 Finland wathi uzinikele yayo waza waphuma yeSibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi. Emva kwezi ziganeko, i Karelian Front aye ohlulwa. Le imikhosi eziphambili naye emva yaba yinxalenye 1st Far Eastern Front, obegalelwe amagxa yanikwa umsebenzi ukuqhuba ukuchasa Manchurian ngo-1945 ukuya umkhosi waseJapan kunye kwiphondo Chinese kwegama elifanayo.

endaweni yokuba UYobi

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, kuphela indawo Karelian Front (1941 -. 1945) umkhosi zwilakhe akakwazanga ukumelana umda eSoviet - amaNazi akazange ukusebenza ukwaphula ukuziphendulela Murmansk. Kwakhona kweli candelo kusetyenziswa amaqela nja, yaye bona abalwa walwa kwimozulu ezinzima emantla. Ngexesha Enkulu Patriotic Karelian Front inkulu ubukhulu, kuba ubude ogcweleyo ifikelela eekhilomitha-1600. Kwakhona umgca ongqindilili.

Karelian Front yayinguye kuphela imiphambili IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, Nezingathanga athumele Ezomva lizwe ngenxa nolungiso lwezixhobo yomkhosi kunye nezixhobo. Le ukulungisa yafakwa indima ekhethekileyo amashishini ka Karelia kunye nommandla Murmansk.