Autonomization - oku isihloko efuna ukufunda nzulu

NgoDisemba 2017 uphawula isikhumbuzo 95 ye-USSR - urhulumente, eyathatha phantse 69 iminyaka. Ngemihla eSoviet Union yaphawulwa ngazwilinye ngokuzithandela wokujoyina republic emaqandeni USSR. Emva kokuba kuwa kule nxalenye yembali yethu linikwa kwi iincwadi ezahlukeneyo. Abanye abaphandi bathi ukuba esinye sezizathu eziphambili ezibangela ngokuwa Union ngowe-1991, uye waba okuzimela. Le mbono sokunikeza ngokupheleleyo. Makhe sibone ukuba kutheni.

Ukwenziwa ziiriphabliki ezizimeleyo

Emva weza amandla iiBolsheviks ngoko nangoko wenza imithetho emininzi kwaye ebalulekileyo, kuquka i-Declaration yanika izizwe weRashiya unelungelo lokubumba geqe. Eli ilungelo kusetyenziswa eFinland, baseLatvia, izibonda, Ukraine, Estonia nezinye iintlanga ayengama ngabalawulwa ubukhosi Russian, kodwa ngoku wazuza ukuzimela kwabo.

Ekuqaleni 1918 III Congress of Amaqumrhu ngumthetho Umgaqo federal kunye lokuzimela ebanzi kuba abantu abanqwenela ukuhlala yinxalenye RSFSR. Le ndlela, kwelinye icala, ndayihluthwa iintshukumo wesizwe kwi ngaphandle ubukhosi owayesakuba izizathu eziphambili koqhubekeko umzabalazo, kunye, kwelinye icala, yatshabalalisa Enkulu-ingcamango, leyo wahlakulela eRashiya kude Oktobha 1917.

Noko ke, ebudeni beMfazwe Civil, ezinye nakwiiriphabliki abaselula eSoviet ndangena emkhosini, ezemali, unxibelelwano kunye neenkqubo zothutho ukuziphendulela eqhelekileyo, kwaye esalandelayo kwezoqoqosho. Ekuqaleni imi- 20-ikamva le manyano emkhosini noqoqosho yabangela ingxoxo enkulu. Ngokubanzi, kwakukho izinto ezintathu yokudibanisa: dlalo, umanyano kunye ukuzimela. Lo ngomnye wemisebenzi karhulumente, oswele isigqibo ekhawulezileyo.

Federation of Lenin

Iinkokeli yezinye republic eSoviet ababefuna ukuba alondoloze ukuzimela, wacebisa ukudaleka dlalo, apho kuya kubakho abasemagunyeni emanyeneyo. kodwa VI Lenin, ababephila elihle kakhulu urhulumente waseSoviet, ugxeke ingcamango Confederation, ekholelwa ukuba urhulumente onjalo bekuya kuba uxhulumaniso buthathaka kakhulu phakathi republic yesizwe.

Kodwa Lenin bungayelelani ecetyiswa Stalin, njengako apho ukuzimela - ezitshatileyo republic ngaphakathi Russian Federation njengendawo nxaxheba elizimeleyo (ezizimeleyo kuyalingana). ULenin wayengumxhasi isakhiwo federal eSoviet Union. Okunene weza igama kwimo elizayo.

Federation, uLenin wacinga ukuba ilizwe beentlanga lolona hlobo olufanelekileyo unxulumano. sixokelelwano kawonke-ezopolitiko nokubonelela ukulingana zonke ziiriphabliki, kuquka ilungelo lokuba secede ukusuka eSoviet Union. Lo mfelandawonye akazange abe ziindawo centralism okugqithisileyo kwaye kakhulu-power angcono.

icebo Stalin ngenxa autonomization

Ngowe-1922, uStalin ahlala ngentsika RSFSR yaBantu Commissar for kwiintlanga. Kwakhona iphethwe iqela kunye ikhomishini karhulumente olwakheka umthetho osayilwayo efunyenwe kwimbali igama "isicwangciso autonomization."

Phantsi ibhili, republic ezintathu eSoviet - Belarus, Ukraine kunye Transcaucasian Federation (Azerbaijan, Armenia kunye Georgia) - babeza kuba elizimeleyo phantsi Russian Federation.

Enyanisweni, Stalin ecetywayo ekudalweni umbuso owodwa kunye, amabhunga amandla olunye wongameleyo weRiphabliki kunye nenkqubo yomthetho. Ngamanye amazwi, inkokheli engundoqo kwafuneka ukuba badlale indima ebalulekileyo kuzo zonke iinkalo ziiriphabliki Union, ngempela leyo, ndayihluthwa ulongamo lwangaphakathi.

Zokusekwa kwe-USSR

NgoDisemba 30, 1922 abathunywa republic basayina isivumelwano union kunye nengxelo sivakalisa lokusekwa USSR. La maxwebhu lubonise ukuba imibuzo kuphela kurhwebo lwangaphandle kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo, ukuzithethelela, unxibelelwano kunye nezemali ziya kuqhutywa yi-arhente zikarhulumente kazwelonke. Isisombululo eseleyo amatyala wahlala phakathi kobuchule ziziphathamandla zesizwe.

Ngoko ke, isiseko ekudalweni yiSoviet Union bakukhutshelwa imigaqo Leninist ulongamo nokulingana, kodwa iboniswe kwexesha, ngokusesikweni kuphela. Enyanisweni, amalungelo ziiriphabliki Union ngcembe iphele, kwaye urhulumente luba qela liphikisayo. Kungekudala kakhulu ukuzimela kaStalin eSoviet Union waqalisa ukuphumeza.

Yintoni umphumo?

Izizathu ezithile zobuzwe ngelo Ekuveleni imi--80-90 kwi-USSR, yaye emva kokuwa lalisakuba yiSoviet Union, ukuba kufunyanwa kwi leSoviet.

Kakade ke, ezi iingxaki lungabi nakubekwa bala imigaqo autonomization kuphela, wabeka ubunkokheli beqela kwi-sikhokelo-nkqubo karhulumente wesizwe. Phambi kokuba revolution, ityala kule ndawo kwakungekho nto. Noko ke, impazamo kwamalungelo azimeleyo esingumzekelo seeRiphablikhi ababa kudlula ngaphandle kokushiya, azafunyanelwa ndawo.

Ixesha kwembali Soviet, xa amalungiselelo luyaqhubeka kulwenziwo waseUSSR, kukho kancinane wafunda, kwakunye okuzimela Stalin kaThixo. Oku kukhokelela ekubeni uqikelelo azingqinelani wobudlelwane yangoku yezopolitiko phakathi eyayisakuba republic kanye yiSoviet kwaye kuyo nayiphi na imeko ungakuvumeli ukuba sesisombululo esinoxolo iingxabano yezizwe ngezizwe.