Ipatiev House eYekaterinburg. Ukubulawa kwentsapho yasebukhosini endlwini ye-Ipatievs

I-Ekaterinburg yaziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi njengesixeko apho amaBolsheviks awatyhawula ngenyameko intsapho yoMbusi uNiclas II. Indawo yokugqibela yokuvalelwa nokubulawa kwekosi, umfazi kunye nabantwana bakhethwa indlu ka-Ipatiev. Idilesi apho yayikuyo khona (iVoznesensky Prospekt, 49/9), namhlanje abaninzi abahlali bendawo ba khumbula, kodwa akubona bonke abangachazela ukuba isakhiwo sasibukeka njani. Kwaye akumangalisi, kuba indlu, apho indlu yasebukhosini yayichitha ubomi babo bonke, yachithwa ngowe-1977. Namhlanje ukhunjuzwa kuphela ngemifanekiso yamandulo kunye nemiboniso engabonakaliyo kwimyuziyam eYekaterinburg.

Ngenye indlela

Ukufunda imbali yentsapho yaseburhulumenteni yaseRashiya, unokwazi ukubona inyaniso enomdla. UTsar Mikhail Fedorovich, owaba ngumsunguli wobukhosi baseRomanov, waba ngumlawuli waseRussia ngo-Matshi 1613 emva kwesithethe esenziwa kwiNdlunkulu ye-Ipatiev kufuphi neKostroma. Ewe, oko kuza kubhalwa ngokulandelayo, kubangele amaninzi. Ummeli wokugqibela wentsapho yobukumkani, uNicholas II, kunye nentsapho yakhe yonke ngoJulayi 1918, wabulawa endlwini yasePatievsky eYekaterinburg. Emva koko, ubukhosi baseRomanov buphelile.

Kutheni ipatievsky indlu?

Igama elifanayo leendwendwe, apho uMikhail Fedorovich wayibusiswe khona ukubusa, kwaye izindlu apho uNicholas II kunye nentsapho yakhe badutshulwa babonwa nje ngengozi ngexesha lamaSoviet. Kodwa ngaba kunjalo ngokwenene? Iimbali-mlando zanamhlanje ziqinisekile ukuba iiBolsheviks zanyula indlu kaPatiev Nikolai Nikolayevich njengendawo yokubulawa ngenxa yesizathu, kwaye ibeke iingxabano ezinzima ukubonisa ubungqina babo.

Emva kokugxeka ngo-Matshi 1917 etroneni, umbusi wokugqibela waseRashiya kunye nentsapho yakhe bathunyelwa eTobolsk. Akukho nto eyathintela iBolsheviks ekusebenzelaneni nenkosi eyayizithiywe yilo mzi waseSiberia, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezithile bamyisa eJekaterinburg. Nangona inani elikhulu lezakhiwo, ngenxa yokutyunjwa kwanyulwa yinyanisi yendlu engapheliyo ipatiev. Ezinye izazi-mlando zanamhlanje zikholelwa ukuba isizathu salolu khetho kwakungumhlobo kaNikolai Nikolayevich kunye noPetros Voikov, i-commissar ye-Ural Bolshevik Council, oye wabandakanyeka ngokuthe ngqo kumbutho wokwenziwa komndeni wasebukhosini.

Ngomnyaka we-1913 eRashiya, iminyaka engama-300 yendlu kaRomanov yayibhiyozelwa ngokugqithiseleyo, kwaye i-Monastery ye-Ipatievsky yayingenye yezona ndawo eziphambili zemibhiyozo. Igama lakhe lalingeendlebe zomntu wonke, ngoko ke, xa amaBolsheviks akhetha indlu yasePatievs eYekaterinburg njengendawo yokubulawa kwentsapho yamantloko, baninzi benza ngokuzithandela nangenjongo, banikezela ukubulala kwangoku kunye nophawu oluthile.

Abanikazi bokuqala bezindlu

Indlu engagwenxa yayakhiwe ngasekupheleni kwee-80 zee-XIX zezolimo zeemayini yezobudala, uMcebisi welizwe u-Ivan Redkortsev. Indawo yefa lakhe elizayo wanyula umthamo osentshonalanga weNtaba ye-Ascension. Indlu yakhiwa ngokuqwalasela indawo. Icala layo langempuma lilingane elilodwa. Nayi kwakukho ukungena okubalulekileyo kwesakhiwo, amagumbi kunye nomgangatho ongaphantsi kunye nokuphuma okukhokelela kummandla wesantya we-manor. Icala lasentshonalanga lendlu laliquka ezimbini kunye neeranda. Ububanzi bendawo babuyi-18 m, ubude buyi-31 m. Yakhelwe ngokwe-teknoloji yakutshanje: yayinombane, amanzi, ukuthuthwa kwamanzi kunye nokunxibelelana ngomnxeba. Amagumbi endlu abukeka asisityebi; iindonga zawo zazihlotshiswe ngumbumba we-stucco kunye nokuphosa isinyithi, kunye ne-plafini yayipende ngezobugcisa.

U-Redikortsev wayengenakunyulwa ukuba ahlale ngumnikazi wendlu yokuhlala ixesha elide. Ngenxa yeengxaki zemali ngo-1898, wathengisa ifa kwi-Sharaviev umnini wegolide. Kwiminyaka elishumi kamva indlu yaphindwa yatshintshwa ngumnikazi, ngeli xesha yayiyinjineli yoluntu uNikolai Ipatiev. Intsapho yakhe yahlala emagumbini kwisiteji sesibini. Kwindawo esezantsi kwesakhiwo, u-Ipatiev wavula i-ofisi yakhe yomsebenzi wesivumelwano.

Ukufika kwentsapho yasebukhosini kwindawo yokuhlala

Kwimiyalelo yeBhunga le-Ural ngo-Ephreli 1918 indlu ye-Ipatievs yayisisigxina. AmaBolshevik anika umnini-mhla iintsuku ezimbini ukuba ashiye indlu. Ekubeni u-Nikolai Nikolayevich wayengekho eYekaterinburg ngeli xesha, izinto zakhe eziye zachithwa kwindawo yokugcina esecaleni kwendlu, apho iinyanga ezimbalwa kamva iRomanovs yadutshulwa. Emva kwekwikhwizishini, indawo yayingqongwe ngefowuni ephindwe kabini, izithuba zokulinda zafakwa kwiindawo zayo, kwaye i-poster yayiswa phambi komnyango. Ukususela ngeli xesha kuze kube yilapho kuqhutywe khona i-tsar, i-Bolsheviks ibiza indawo leyo yendlu ekhethekileyo.

UMongameli obanjwe kunye nentsapho yakhe baziswa endlwini yase-Ipatievs eYekaterinburg ngomhla wokugqibela ka-Ephreli 1918. Bonke kunye nabo, abantu aba-5 beza endlwini yelinjini: ugqirha uEngkin, umncedisi A. Trupp, intombi A. Demidova, umpheki I. U-Kharitonov kunye nomncedisi wakhe uL. Sednev. UNicholas II kunye nomfazi wakhe nabantwana babekwe kumagumbi amabini angamakhelwane asempumalanga yephiko. Ngokukhawuleza phantsi kwale ndawo kwakukho isiseko. Kulo gumbi lokudlela, igosa lika-empress lafakwa, kwaye kwindibano kwakukho ugqirha kunye nomntu onyawo. Isakhiwo sasixhotywe ngezithuba eziliqela kunye nomlindi. Ukuya kwindawo yokuhlalisa okanye kwindawo yokuhlambela, amabanjwa eNdlu yeNjongo ekhethekileyo kufuneka adlule ngumlindi.

Ukudubula

Kwilifa le-Ipatyev, amalungu oonyana basebukhosini kunye nabakhonzi bachithe iintsuku ezingama-78 zokugqibela zobomi babo. Ngokuhlwa ngoJulayi 16, 1918 iRomanovs yalala, njengesiqhelo, ngo-22.30. Ebusuku bavuswa kwaye balelwa ukuba baye phantsi kwendlu ka-Ipatiev. Xa onke amalungu asixhenxe eentsapho zaseRomanov, kunye nabakhonzi abane (umncedisi wokupheka, uL. Sedneva, engekho phakathi kwabo, ekubeni esususwe kuloo ndlu ukusuka kusuku lokuqala) babesesigxina, bafunda isigwebo kwaye emva koko batyhulwa.

Isiphumo esilandelayo sendlu

Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuphunyezwa kweRomanovs, abagadi abaMhlophe bafika eJekaterinburg. Indlu iphinda idluliselwe kubunini buka-Ipatiev, kodwa wayehlala kuyo ngokukhawuleza kwaye wasuka ezweni. Emva koko indlunkulu yomkhosi waseSiberia , uGeneral Radola Gayda, yayikuloo ndlu. Ngomnyaka kamva isixeko saphinda saba phantsi kolawulo lweBolsheviks. Indlu ye-Ipatievs yaba yindlunkulu ye-Red Army.

Kwiminyaka elandelayo, indlu yokuhlala yayiseofisi ezahlukeneyo. Ngowe-1927-1938 iMyuziyamu ye-Revolution yavulwa apho. Iindwendwe zakhe zaboniswa kungekuphela kwendawo yendlu, kodwa kunye neendawo zokuhlala apho amaRomanovs abulawa khona. Kwiminyaka ye-1930, loo ndlu yajika yaba yinkqubo yemyuziyam yezenkolo kunye nenkcubeko, ngoko kwiBhunga lama-Atheists, isebe leZiko leNkcubeko, kunye ne-archive. Ngexesha lemfazwe e-Ipatiev House, ukuchazwa kweHermitage kwaphuma eLeningrad kwagcinwa. Kwiminyaka emva kwempi, i-archives yenkampani yavulwa kwakhona kuyo, ngoko isakhiwo sanikelwa kwiSebe leNkcubeko yeNtshona Koloni, kwaye iziko loqeqesho lavulwa apha. Kwesinye seengxenye zendlu yezindlu, ulawulo lweSoyuzpechat lwalukho. Kwindlu yangaphantsi yendlu yayinempahla yokugcina impahla. Ngowe-1974, isakhiwo saba yinye yezikhumbuzo zembali ze-Russia.

Ukubhujiswa kwesakhiwo

Kwiminyaka engamashumi anesixhenxe ekhulwini lama-20, urhulumente wase-USSR wayexhalabele kakhulu ngokunyusa ingqalelo kwabangaphandle kwizindlu zeenjineli iPatiev. Ngomnyaka we-1978, imihla emibini ejikelezileyo yaziswa ngokukhawuleza: iminyaka eyi-110 yokuzalwa kukaNikolai Romanov kunye neminyaka eyi-60 yokubulala kwakhe. Ukuze uphephe uvuyo phakathi kwendlu ka-Ipatiev, usihlalo we-KGB, u-Yuri Andropov, wenza isiphakamiso sokubhubhisa kwakhe. Isigqibo sokugqibela sokutshatyalaliswa kwendlu yendlu yathatyathwa nguBoris Yeltsin, emva kokubamba isikhundla senobhala wokuqala weKomiti yeSithili ye-Sverdlovsk yeKomiti yamaKomanisi.

Indlu iPatiev, emi iminyaka engama-90, yahlaselwa phantsi ngoSeptemba 1977. Ukuze wenze oku, ababhubhisi bathatha iintsuku ezintathu, i-bulldozer kunye no-sharbaba. Ingqiqo yokutshatyalaliswa kwesakhiwo yayiyilo lwakhiwo lokwakha isixeko. Namhlanje, kwindawo apho kwakukhona khona indlu yaseIpatyev, i-Temple-on-Blood iphakama. Abantu basezidolophini bayakhela ngenkumbulo yomlawuli obulawe kunye namalungu entsapho yakhe.