Ukuzenzekela entliziyweni yomntu: ingcaciso, inkcazelo, iiyunithi kunye ithambeka

ukuzenzekela wentliziyo imele umzimba ucutheko ngesingqi phantsi intshukumo ye pulses ezikhoyo apho kungekho zizinto ingxelo evela ngaphandle. Ukuzenzekela sizalwa nawo umzimba uphela kunye iinxalenye ezithile, kodwa hayi imisipha intliziyo. Kukho ubungqina kwalo mmangaliso - umzimba zesingqisho izilwanyana kunye amanxeba abantu, owayengahlali yonke kwaye yenziwe ngaphandle komzimba.

Abaqhubi rate oda kuqala

Sibone oko ukuthini automata wentliziyo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba inkqubela-luvo enokuveliswa kwizisele Nedlac engabalulekanga. Ukuba umntu siphilile, le nkqubo lwenzeka kufutshane esiludumbo sinoatrial ngenxa umahluko iipropati iseli kunye nolwakhiwo namanye amacandelo zezakhiwo. Bona amalungiselelo bengamaqela, babe imilo osimelela ngentonga, yaye singqongwe lamina Uhlobo Lokuqala. Igama lesibini ezi seli - ngabaqhubi izinga odolo lokuqala (pacemakers). iinkqubo zotshintshiselwano kwenzeka kuzo ngesantya esiphezulu, yaye ngenxa yesi sizathu metabolites bahlale fluid Embi, ngaphandle kokuba kuwiswa.

Ukongeza, ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• permeability kunokuba eliphezulu calcium sodium ion.
• Ixabiso encinane isakhono ndizayo.

Ngenxa umahluko yoxinaniso sodium kunye potassium bachaza umsebenzi omncinane ukusebenza Impompo sodium-potassium.

Ukuzenzekela wentliziyo

Ixesha elide kwaba ukuzenzekela intliziyo ekupheleni uphando, nangona umdla okwandisiweyo lezifundiswa kule nkqubo. Indlela ezihlangene Stannius - imifuniselo umjikelo eyaziwa olwenziwe ngokwesiseko wokufuduswa kwezinye iinxalenye isele intliziyo zokubopha yalekeneyo. Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba umzimba ekhoyo iziko 2 ukuzenzekela ubuncinane.

Omnye kubo ibekwe kwi sinus lwemithambo, ibhexesha esalo izifinyezo yesibini - okuyinxenye phakathi ventricle kunye nomthambo (ibizwa ngokuba kwakhona ezifihliweyo). umsebenzi yakhe uqala kuphela emva nya 1 iziko. Imisipha wentliziyo, nto leyo kude kumaziko ka imisebenzi zombini - yancitshiswa - ngokwabo. Ngoko ke, lo automaton entliziyweni yomntu lu dityanisiwe eyenza kwezi maziko zayo.

indlela Landergorfa

Ukuze sinciphise ezinikezelwa ngaphandle kwe intliziyo umzimba, indlela Landergorfa. Intsingiselo yile ilandelayo:

1. Heart ukusika ufake cannula kulo aorta, oludityaniswe zizitya yeglasi.
2. Le nqanawa izaliswe isisombululo Iringa kaThixo kunye iswekile, okanye kongezelelwa igazi defibrinated.
3. Ewiliko ke okroqiweyo oksijini lashushu lobushushu ethile (malunga 48 degrees Celsius).
4. Zizizwe uqala ukugeleza phantsi koxinzelelo ivalwe vana aorta kunye ulwelo bangene kwemithambo, umsebenzi apho - amandla yonke omzimba.

Phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, umzimba wesilwanyana, okanye umntu unako ukusebenza ixesha elide, oku ke ukuzenzekela kwentliziyo. Esebenzisa le ndlela, unako ukubuyela na la mandla zentliziyo, sele wayeka iiyure ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo. Kwinkulungwane yama-20 okokuqala kwafumaniseka ukuba ukuvuselela umzimba umntwana oselula, yaye kuphela emva wabuyisa umsebenzi wentliziyo, nto leyo esebenza phantse 48 iiyure. Emva edlula isisombululo ngokusebenzisa izitya intliziyo baqhubeka 15 iiyure.

Inkcazelo Process Automatic

ukuzenzekela entliziyweni yomntu iqala kwisigaba diastole yokubonakalaliswa wayo - sodium kungena intshukumo iseli. Inwebu amandla yancitshiswa inayo, udla ixabiso inqanaba elincinane depolarization. Ukuncipha nesigxina inwebu, kwaye iqala a depolarization olucothayo kakhulu diastole. Amajelo avulekileyo calcium kesodiyam ngendlela uzilo esikhukulayo phase depolarization, ion baqalisa waqondisa ukuba iseli. Ngenxa yokuba ezi zityholo, kuqala ijika uyancipha yaye ifikelela zero, ngoko eyahlukileyo indawo. Sodium ihambisa phezulu de lizama kuphunyelelwa ngokuthi ion yayo (electrochemical).

Kukho kuza lesigaba ihewu. Kukho intshukumo ye calcium. ijwabu intliziyo uhlala nonexcitability kule ngongoma. Emva kokuba lizama ion ezifanelekileyo iphela lesigaba repolarization kwenzeka, oko kuthetha ukuba imbuyekezo isigxina inwebu ukuya kwinqanaba lokuqala.

ukuzenzekela ezalathelwe Intliziyo

Indawo ekhethekileyo kwinkqubo entsonkothileyo abahlala site ukuzenzekela intliziyo. umyalelo wokuqala kuthiwa esiludumbo sinoatrial. Le umqhubi izinga lokuqala-order, eqinisekisa umlinganiselo intliziyo yesiqhelo. Esasimi kufutshane intlanganisela le Vena cava awongamileyo. isakhiwo sayo - inani elincinane kwimicu umsipha kunye neziphelo zemithambo. node oda yesibini ekuthiwa esiludumbo atrioventricular. Lo mqhubi ofihlakeleyo izinga yesibini-oda. Uqulathe eyona wesithathu-order iiseli node inkqubo Uhanjiso ventricular.

Bonke abaqhubi inkxaso izinga ukuze igunya rate rate ephantsi, ukuba kukho epheleleyo block intliziyo. Le rhoqo kwezinga ventricular siza kwinqanaba ubuncinane, kwaye izigulane isixhobo uhlobo sombane ipacemaker, ngamanye i pacemaker ngumntu.

Ukuvela ezingaba

sinoatrial node ezahlukeneyo ezinokuvela awo oluqhelekileyo kwi - 50 MV. Kule nekhono zikarhulumente eziqhelekileyo uya esiludumbo ngenxa yobukho iiseli ukuba abaqhubi rate lokuqala-oda. Inxalenye eseleyo intliziyo phantsi kweemeko ezithile nayo ukwenza inkqubela-luvo xa stimulus ezongezelelweyo, kwakunye ukuvala umyalelo wokuqala. Ngoko ke, isizukulwana ngayo la kwi esiludumbo ukuze yesibini (kangaphi malunga amaxesha 60 / min). Ngexesha nqgo ezitokisini node inyanda bakhe sichwayitile, njalo kunciphisa ukuya (umyinge abaqhubi wesithathu-order) 30.

Intshukumo enokuba zonke pacemakers into kisekiyo ngqo inwebu permeability eliphezulu ukuya calcium isodiyam ion, nokunciphisa permeability of ion potassium.

ukuzenzekela ithambeka

Ukuzenzekela kwentliziyo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zonke iindawo nkqubo zicinezelwa sinoarterialnym node "ukumisela" kwisingqi yayo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, onke amacandelo e-nkqubo kunye isingqi zalo kwakhona ukusebenza ngesantya esifanayo. Gradient ukuzenzekela wentliziyo - into leyo kunciphisa ukukwazi ukuzenzekela njengoko umgama ukusuka kuloo ndawo pulses gabalala, ngamanye esiludumbo komyalelo yokuqala.

Kuyinto akwaziwa yintoni ebangela le utshintsho ngokukhawuleza kwi isigxina iseli, kwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukuzenzekela intliziyo inokunxulunyaniswa isiqulatho acetylcholine kwi ngabaqhubi isingqisho. Izazinzulu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ziyenzeka ngenxa awohluke emzimbeni iiseli lomqhubi, apho kuzakuthsintsha imeko inwebu kumphezulu.