Ziziphi nyaka kokusungulwa izixhobo sasiqubha? Ngubani owavela gear sasiqubha?

Ezininzi izixhobo zale mihla eyimfuneko kakhulu yasungulwa ixesha elide eyadlulayo. Thina, bantu abasebenzisa ezi zinto ebomini, maxa wambi abazi abasebenze yoyilo zabo uLeonardo da Vinci. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kunzima ukuxelela eyathi yasungulwa izixhobo sasiqubha. abayili abaninzi bazama ukuwenza ukukhangela kunjalo, njengokuba sibona namhlanje.

ulwazi zembali

Ingxaki zokuphefumla kwamanzi umntu onomdla ixesha elide. Ihlabathi edumileyo artist, anatomist, injineli, yaye indoda aphuhliswe ngokupheleleyo, uLeonardo da Vinci, kakhulu, wafuna ukwenza isakhiwo ukuze bakwazi ukuhlala phantsi kwamanzi ixesha elide. Da Vinci wazalwa ngo-1452. Ungabona nje imbali elide uye izixhobo sasiqubha. Eneneni, uSnorkel Diver luveliswe igcisa omkhulu Renaissance.

Xa utyelela Da Vinci Venice Yeengwevu isixeko wamcela ukuba eze isixhobo ukuhlasela iinqanawa utshaba ephuma emanzini. Akwenzeki ukuba ukulichaza kakuhle unyaka kokusungulwa izixhobo sasiqubha, kodwa ke ngoko ukuba umzobi iphuhlise isethi esikhethekileyo diving, olu sapho lwaluquka imaski, ezimbini ingcongolo imibhobho kunye diving intsimbi, eyenziwe Yazo. Umoya kufakwa ityhubhu ngeli intsimbi, leyo wahamba phezu kwamanzi. ULeonardo da Vinci wasungula ityhubhu ngoku odumileyo J-ezimile. ubude balo 61 cm, kwafuneka ukudada kufutshane kumphezulu womhlaba, kodwa axhamle ngokupheleleyo ukuba akazange anike ubuhle yehlabathi kwamanzi kunokwenzeka. Da Vinci wasungula kunye ubhaka, uzaliswe ngumoya. I wadala kunye subdomain - banela awenzelwa ukuba iinyawo nesandla.

Charles Spalding and Maurice Fernez

Enye nani zembali ngubani na igalelo kuphuculo design aqualung - yi Charles Spaulding. Waye umpheki khekhe waza wahlala e Edinburgh. Kodwa ukongeza ukuba yinjineli kwaye andilociko: Spalding wenze iinguqu ezininzi luncedo iefa intsimbi. Wafa ngelixa diving e Dublin Bay ngo-1783.

Maurice Fernez - yiyo engumFrentshi ceba respirators, iimaski igesi kunye nokuphucula izixhobo nokuphefumla kwamanzi. Uye axhotyiswe iminqwazi indlela enye-wevalufa, yena inxaxheba ekudalweni stand-alone izixhobo diving phantsi kwamanzi.

Kodwa, kutheni ehlabathini babekholelwa ukuba Umsunguli i aqualung yi Jacques-iv Kusto? Ukuba iefa Siyawubulela izixhobo sasiqubha, nesetyenziswa ehlabathini lonke namhlanje.

Development and Rukeroylya Deneyruza

Emva kwenkulungwane ye-elinethoba kunye Rukeroyl Deneyruz sazama ukwenza umatshini enjalo, loo nto ke inciphise uxinzelelo ukuya kubunzulu. Benze ngokuzimeleyo yaye lingaziwa. inwebu oluzinzileyo ukuba basezela umoya ukusuka itanki ukuphefumla - emanzini. Icebo laba endilisekileyo, kodwa waba neengxaki ezininzi, akubi lokuzimela kwaye kwakuxhomekeke nethumbu, eyamnika komoya kokuhlala ixesha elide ngaphantsi kwamanzi.

A lot of abayili ezisetyenziweyo nezixhobo iefa sasiqubha. Ngapha koko, uye watshintsha yonke costume apho Diver imiqadi, kunye imaski kunye isuti, kwaye nkqu akheke. Nganye yongeza kuphuculo aqualung. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo - oko mzuzu ephathelene ne isixokelelwano sokuphefumla, ebonelela umoya Diver. Nemalanana yazise i yesazi odumileyo French - basungula aqualung, ethi isetyenziswe kule mini.

Iv Kusto and Gagnan

Igosa oselula Cousteau watshata intombi umnini ombutho "Air Liquide". Uyise Umfazi wakhe seyinike uncedo lwezimali Cousteau ukuba uphando wamazisa kubasebenzi yenkampani njengento engineer. Sikunye Emil Gagnan, injineli Corporation, wasebenza phezu iiseyile sasiqubha, apho isixokelelwano sokuphefumla inikezelwa ngokuzenzekelayo umoya xi oyifunayo. supply Air yenzekile nanini na kubunzulu. Yiyo le uphuhliso wayinika intuthuzelo Diver kunye ngowona kohambo olude.

Ngowe-1943, oko kuthwalelwa phandle phezu uvavanyo ngesixhobo i-Marne River. Xa ihlobo Jacques-iv Kusto wahlabela mgama ukuzibonela kakade olwandle. Emva kokuchitha kokulungiswa ezimbalwa, Cousteau owabanyusayo kwiyunithi umgangatho, ngoku ekuthiwa aqualung. Kwaye ke gama elilodwa lomenzi - Aqua Lung. Kumazwe amaninzi, izixhobo ubizwa ngokuba "Scuba» - Scuba.

Ngoku akukho mathandabuzo ukuba iya kuba ngubani owavela iiseyile sasiqubha mihla. Cousteau emva ncwadi yapapashwa, "The World of Cwaka", ngo-1953, ngokuba iyunithi got igama Aqua Lung. Ngoku Corporation "Air Liquide" lalibukele amalungelo ukuvelisa zonke iintlobo izixhobo diving.

"Dive yeplastiki"

Kuye kwacaca malunga kwemoto sasiqubha nezixhobo, esiza kusetyenziswa iefa iefa mihla. Kwaba ngo-1943, kwaye iv Kusto lugqibelele kwi imeko yangoku. Kodwa oku ligalelo kuphela yesazi French ekudaleni izixhobo okuntywilisela. Ukongeza, kokwabo fyabo wendlu kwamanzi "diving isosara" ukuba iyaqhutywa uluhlu umdla malunga ihlabathi kwamanzi.

Abaninzi wazibuza owasungula sasiqubha "diving isosara"? Kwaye mhlawumbi abanye abazi ukuba ngephenyane elincinane kakhulu ngwenya, leyo ngelika esosini. Cousteau - into addicting indalo: wayeyoliswa kakhulu elwandle, wakha izindlu kwamanzi, wafunda ulwimi yeentlanzi. Waphumelela Naval Academy kwaye kwafuneka ukuba kwakhiwe igosa umsebenzi. Kodwa ke omnye, kunokutshiseka - oku iimoto zemidlalo. Bebuthanda kwabo esibulalayo kuye - yabe ingozi ngenye kuzo, yaye kwafuneka ukuba ukunyangelwa ixesha elide, kwaye ubuyisele impilo. Ukuchitha ixesha elininzi kufuphi nolwandle, ukuqubha kunye diving ukulungiselela kwakhona lomzimba, Cousteau akakwazi ukucinga ngokwabo ngaphandle enzonzobileni.

wembali

Ngaphandle kokuba iminyaka elikhulu embalwa, abantu esebenzela ukuphucula izixhobo diving, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba undoqo fyabo fanele ukuba uLeonardo da Vinci kunye Jacques-iv Kusto. Ngaphandle ngemibhobho uphefumla da Vinci kwakungayi ngebahlalayo ekuphuhlisweni ngakumbi aqualung. Kwaye ngaphandle inkqubo oluphuhliswe Cousteau, bekuya kuba nzima ukwenza likude kwi off-line kwaye ibe phantsi amanzi ixesha elide.

Ziziphi nyaka kokusungulwa izixhobo sasiqubha? Lo mbuzo akukho impendulo enye. Ukuphuculwa kwayo kwiinkulungwane ezahlukeneyo kwaye sele ukuthatha inxaxheba emininzi abaqambi kunye iinjineli. Nika umntu omnye yesundu abafuni: into ephambili ukuba ngoku kukho indlela evumela ukuba ukuvavanya ihlabathi kwamanzi. Oku kuya kunceda izazinzulu, abembi ukuzazi iimfihlelo kumntu ububeka ubunzulu kweelwandle neelwandlekazi.