Le izimbiwa ephambili rock-yakheka

izimbiwa Rock-yakheka ngokuba izimbiwa, nto leyo eyinxalenye ye zeengxondorha njengoko amacandelo efunekayo rhoqo. Ahluke iimpawu zabo ngokwasemzimbeni imichiza nokwakheka. Ukongeza kule izimbiwa elulwalweni-sisenziwa, kukho kwakhona minor. Bona kwenzeka njengoko ukungcola yaye musa ukudlala indima enkulu zejoloji hlobo.

plagioclases

Plagioclase - i izimbiwa kulwalwa ukwakha ixhaphakileyo. Basimisela umxube anorthite kunye albite. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi plagioclase. Ngenxa yokwanda umyinge anorthite kwezimbiwa engcono eziphambili.

Plagioclases Ukungazinzi ziyahluka ngokuphathelele yemozulu umchiza, ngenxa abaye iikhompawundi ngodongwe. Njengoko lo msebenzi afane le feldspars. Basenokuba zingasetyenziswa njenge khazi kunye nezinto nokuhombisa. Phantse wonke iqela plagioclase bezimbiwa rock-ukwakha abeza kweli Urals kunye Ukraine.

nepheline

Iqela-sikhokelo aluminosilicate ziquka nepheline. Yena olusele dust. izimbiwa rock-bokwakha ezinjalo ziyingxenye yamawa igneous, kuquka nephelinites kunye nepheline syenite. Ngokulula aphazamise ukusuka kumphezulu senziwa similise kaolinite kwaye ukuyilwa zasesekondari nokwakheka sulphate okanye carbonate.

Kunye rocks nepheline apatite bangaba zibaluleke kakhulu kushishino mihla lens enkulu. Zisetyenziswa ekwenziweni iglasi, isamente, alumina, dust, soda, ultramarine kunye m. P. Ezi izimbiwa ezisisiseko rock-zakha zenzeka kwi Kola Peninsula kummandla Murmansk.

Amphibole and pyroxene

Amphiboles, okanye iteyiphu silicates ziquka hornblende, nto leyo candelo rock-bokwakha ezibalulekileyo igneous nemetamorphic. iimpawu ezahlukileyo - amandla aphezulu kunye kobulembu eliphezulu. Amaninzi, hornblende kwenzeka Urals.

Augite - elulwalweni-yakheka bezimbiwa pyroxene. Yena njengesakhi esibalulekileyo senkqubo yonikezelo zeengxondorha ukubona. Ngeso lenyama augite inokuba nomahluko kakhulu (ukusuka emnyama ukuya eluhlaza). Le yezimbiwa rock-ukudalwa qela pyroxene kukuba yinxalenye abangelwe, andesite, diabase, kunye nezinye nasemaweni.

linguMika

Ezinye silicates ezi sixhobo sekhombuya, enamaxolo okanye isakhiwo foliated. Eyona minerals zixhaphakileyo ezinjalo asbestos, talc, kaolinite, hydromica kunye mica (kubandakanywa muscovite kunye biotite).

Ziziphi ezinye iimpawu zazo? mica Muscovite kumhlophe, ibakho nemetamorphic kunye igneous. I yemozulu kuba evakalala. Muscovite sisetyenziswe izinto zokwambathisa ezikhoyo. Kwakhona kusetyenziswa ukwakha, apho umgubo mica isasazeka ngokusebenzisa izinto onabileyo. Muscovite eziveliswa e Eastern eSiberia, kwi Urals kunye Ukraine.

izimbiwa rock-bokwakha efanayo - biotite. Le mica magnesian kwaye ferruginous, brown okanye emnyama. Kuyinto uphawu nemetamorphic kunye igneous. Biotite Iifomu granular kunye enamaxolo abekwe. Kucingwa ngezimbiwa iikhemikhali uphawu ezingazinzanga. Biotite kwenzeka kummandla kwelentshona ye-izimvu kunye Urals.

hydromicas

abanye bade rock-ukwakha izimbiwa zeengxondorha - i hydromica. osemqoka lwabo - imali encinane ukuse-. Ukongeza, yahlukile hydromica mica isiqulatho kakhulu eliphezulu lamanzi lwesakhiwo, lokubonakala egameni labo. Baya kuba negalelo ukuyilwa iinkqubo kolwandle kunye namatye badlula.

Le hydromica obaluleke kakhulu - vermiculite brown okanye brown segolide. Xa itshiswe, iintlobo ngemolekyula lo mphunga wamanzi ezimbiwa, kwandiswe umaleko kwi yikristale ezikrobeni, okwandisa umthamo wayo mninzi. Vermiculite kubalulekile ngenxa yesandi-omnandi zokwambathisa iimpawu zayo.

phyllosilicates

Izimbiwa, asbestos, talc, montmorillonite kunye kaolinite niliqela phyllosilicates. Yintoni phawu wabo? ukubunjwa talc kwenzeka ngenxa yentsebenziswano kunye nezisombululo ezishushu aluminosilicates kunye silicates wemagniziyam. Lusetyenziswa ngokohlobo lomgubo ekwenziweni iiplastiki.

Njengabanye izimbiwa rock-uyila abathile, asbestos yaziwa ngaphezulu eziphilayo yayo. Yena umqhubi okulambathayo umbane nobushushu, ezahlukeneyo kwealkali-ubungqina nomlilo ukumelana. Ixabiso kakhulu unalo asbestos chrysotile. It luqokelelane ezingxondorheni carbonate kunye olivine. Xa uhlobo ifayibha asbestos elide isetyenziswa ekwenziweni lwaka kwaye ezinye amalaphu engangenwa.

Wokumbiwa rocks kaolinite ngodongwe iqhelekileyo uthathwa. Oku akhiwa yemozulu kaMika kunye feldspar, kwaye ebonakala uzinzo kakhulu. Le ezimbiwa luphawulwa umbala omhlophe, nombala okanye sinombala. clays Kaolin esetyenziswa kolu shishino iiseramikhi, apho lo mbandela ekrwada ezisetyenziswa ukuvelisa imveliso yephondo stoneware kunye imveliso yephondo. Ngenxa iimpawu yezimbiwa yayo zokubumba, ezi zinto luphawulwa plasticity.

Montmorillonite awuqhelekanga ngeendlela ezininzi. nokubunjwa kwayo chemical iyahlozinga kwaye kuxhomekeke iimpawu umoya, kuquka umxholo wayo emanzini. Ezi izimbiwa ezinkulu rock-ukwakha ilifa mobile akhazimlayo emkhusaneni, ngenxa apho adumbe ngamandla phezu zoqhagamshelwano ngamanzi.

Montmorillonite wenziwe phantsi kweemeko obrak ngenxa yokubola nothuthu mlilo tuff emanzini. Kwakhona ivela kwiindawo badlula igneous rock kwaye iyamelana chemical yemozulu. Le ezimbiwa kuthiwa rocks argillaceous adsorbability ezongeziweyo ukudumba. Montmorillonite isetyenziswa njengento emulsifier, lokufaka, kunye brightener. emasimini ayo ibekwe eCrimea, i Carpathians neCaucasus.

zwi

oxides Mineral - ukuba iikhompawundi lwesinyithi neoksijini. Ummeli uqhelekileyo eli qela zwi. Le ezimbiwa wenziwe ziinkqubo igneous ibakho embindini ezinzulwini zomhlaba. Senzeka kwiiyantlukwano mathathu: ibe cristobalite, tridymite kunye-zwi. Owokugqibela ezi iinguqulelo bafunda ngcono kunabanye.

Silica ibandakanyiwe izimbiwa kulwalwa ukwakha of igneous (kunye sedimentary zixelwe). Kuyinto exhathisayo afana. Zwi oqokelela, ukwakha neetyuwa Yomelela, Sands kunye sandstones. Wokumbiwa lisetyenziswa iseramikhi kunye namashishini neglasi. Njengoko ilitye yendalo (ilitye kunye quartzite), kube njengento isakhiwo kunye zokwakha izinto zibheke. Kwakhona, oku kusetyenziswa xa kusenziwa izinto zokubhala, izixhobo ezisebenzisa amandla njalo njalo. D.

carbonates

Elinye iqela kwezimbiwa rock-yakheka - carbonates. ngokubanzi zisetyenziswa ityiwa asidi. Carbonates aba uphawu yamawa nentlenga kunye ludaka. Yeyona ixhaphakileyo iintlobo yabo - Magnesite, calcium sodium. Bonke babe iipropati zabo.

Calcite luphawulwa ukunyibilika ihlwempu emanzini. Phantsi yempembelelo yeKharbon dayokhsayidi ngayo aye yesoda. Le mveliso unyityilikiswa izihlandlo ezilikhulu ngokukhawuleza emanzini ngaphezu calcite eqhelekileyo. Le ezimbiwa ifumaneka lokubolekwa crystalline, bemiqolomba kunye needipozithi angqingqwa ezimbejembeje yilimestone. Calcite bangaba ngenxa ukuqokelelana lendle. Esinye isizathu sokuba imbonakalo yawo - isimemezelo ngecalcium carbonate emanzini. Le iidipozithi lufumaneka Urals, Ukraine Kaleria.

Magnesite kuyafana calcite ifom kunye nesakhiwo, kodwa ayikho anqabe kakhulu. Isizathu sokuba amanani kwakhiwe. Magnesite ukhandwa le ziimozulu serpentinite kunye nentsebenziswano magnesian lekalika kunye nezisombululo.

Sodium - ngezimbiwa omhlophe okanye ezingenambala ezenzeka ngokohlobo izihlwele exineneyo granular. Xa itshiswe, oko iyachithakala. isisombululo Isodiyam hayidroksayidi eveliswe amachibi kwimeko apho excess onyibilikisiweyo carbon dioxide. Le ezimbiwa isetyenziswa yokunyibilikisa isinyithi kunye nokuveliswa negilasi.

yihakinto

Ilitye - ngokubanzi amorphous dust hydrated. Yena akayi aziwuthi e asidi, kodwa enyibilikayo alkalis. Kukho iimeko ezimbalwa nemfundo yakhe. Oku kubonakala ngenxa Igiza kwezimbiwa isimemezelo kunye nezisombululo ezishushu badlula igneous. Ngaphezu koko, oko kwenziwa ngenxa beqokelela iimveliso pathways izinto eziphilayo elwandle. Opals ithandwa eziphathekayo ukuze bejewellery.

Sulfates kunye sulfides

Izimbiwa sulfates ezi iityuwa acid sulphuric, kwakheka kumphezulu womhlaba. Uninzi iikhompawundi beli qela azikho izinzile ngokwaneleyo ngamandlakazi-langa. Sulfates ezifana gypsum kunye barite mirabilite sisetyenziselwa iinjongo zokwakha. Anhydrite i ubunzima eqinileyo granular. Le yezimbiwa crystalline kunye luphawu ezimhlophe-blowu.

Xa wadibana lamanzi kwandisa ubungakanani anhydrite kunye gypsum iba kokuqamba olwenzeka khorwisaka amaplanga. Le sulfate yikhemikhali kwenze eqhelekileyo wabumba phezu omiswe kweelwandle. Isichumisi kunye anhydrite asetyenziswa yokuhlanganisa.

Spar Heavy okanye barite yinto ziikristale tabular ukuba ifomu ethile. Akazange akakuphosi X-ray, ngenxa yoko lisetyenziswa ekwenziweni eziphathekayo okhethekileyo. Barite kwakheka ngenxa yelahleko amanzi avela izisombululo ashushu.

Sulfides - a compound sulphur kunye nezinye izinto. Kolu hlobo loluka cinnabar. Le ezimbiwa unxulunyaniswa mlilo abaselula. Kwindalo, cinnabar ifumaneka ngokohlobo imithambo kunye nokusekwa yesibambiso. It oluhlala ngenxa lozinzo nezikhukhula zabo phezu komhlaba. Cinnabar lesigidi lisetyenziswa kuyondelelaniswe kunye nokuveliswa ipeyinti.