Impi iCrimea

yokuqala iCrimea War ka 1853-1856, zaphuhliswa njenge Russian-Turkish. Isifundo lomzabalazo yaba ukongamela kuMbindi Mpuma.

I iCrimea War, oonobangela leyo ehambisana kunye nokukhula omzabalazo wenkululeko yesizwe Ottoman kunye nokwehla kwabonakala kwamandla umbusi, endaweni imvume lobuzwilakhe, kubukela kakhulu ukuthembeka zangaphakathi nezangaphandle kweli tsarist.

Nicholas 1 wazama ukuba angenelele kwimicimbi Turkey ukuze kuthintelwe uqhambuko wokuvukela wamagazi. Ngo-1850, urhulumente kukaNapoleon Abdulmajid (sultan) efunekayo ukuze adlulisele abefundisi ePalestina "izitshixo ingcwaba oyiNgcwele." Kule meko, abaseYerusalem, ababingeleli Orthodox wabhenela Nicholas 1 uncedo. UMlawuli Russian wathumela Menshikov (Extraordinary inxusa) eConstantinople ngowe-1853.

Prince Men'shikov ngohlobo ngokwaneleyo categorical bafaka amabango icala Turkish. Wafuna ukuba Sultan of Turkey ukubulela ukusekelwa Nicholas 1 kwezifundo Orthodox Turkey. ezifunwa Menshikov zaye achaswe Sultan, lowo kuye kwaxhaswa France kunye ne-United Kingdom.

Le tsar Russian, ukhumbula inxusa eTurkey, unika ukuze amajoni akhe ukuba ahlasele oozilawuli Danubian. Ngo-1853, Juni 21 amajoni Russian, ngaphandle kokujongana imiqobo endleleni yayo, alingenele ulawulo, ngegama ekule Sultan.

Nokuvela ungquzulwano negalelo kukuba akukho gunya eyodwa yaseYurophu ayizange ivumelane ukomelezwa Russia ngelo ngeendleko nemimandla Turkish. uvavanyo ngokuchanekileyo le meko Russian Tsar ehlabathini kukhokelele bodwa ongunozakuzaku Russia. Oku kumiselwa imiphumo yezenzo ezizayo zomkhosi.

imisebenzi Military yaqala ngo-1853, ngo-Oktobha 23, ngasechwebeni weDanube. Kube ngorhatya ngoNovemba 28 amawaka amahlanu amajoni Turkish bahlaselwa phakathi Batumi kunye kaPotifera ngesithuba of St Nicholas. Oku kwaphawula ekuqaleni ngamajoni eCaucasus. Apha imeko wawunzima amabutho Russian. Alwe olwathi kweelana lolu hlobo.

NgoNovemba 18, kwakukho Battle of Sinop. Uloyiso zonke izithuthi Russian, owawukhokelwa Nakhimov, waba ezikrelekrele. oomatiloshe Russian, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa inqanawa enye, butho Turkish wathunyelwa ezantsi. Yena yathinjwa mkhosi Osman Pasha.

I iCrimea War waqhubeka ukungena inyathelo emkhosini eFransi kunye UK. Ngowe-1853, December 23, i-French kunye butho IsiNgesi wadlula Bosphorus, wangena kuLwandle Black. Urhulumente Russian, yena, wamphendula kubhengezo imfazwe France kunye UK ngo-1854, ngomhla we-9 Februwari.

Kuyo-1854, unyaka navies isiFrentshi kwaye IsiNgesi aye imivimbo kumacala ahlukeneyo xa kumazibuko ezahlukeneyo Russia.

I iCrimea War kwakunzima ikrakra. amabutho Russian umthetho yi Menshikov, ngubani ingqalelo utshaba igqampe ayinakwenzeka eCrimea. Ekuveleni lomlambo Alma , yena yisiwe ukuzama ukuphelisa French kunye IsiNgesi. Yena ushiyela Sevastopol, uze emva koko Bakhchisarai.

I iCrimea War yathatha zokungqinga ka Sevastopol. Iziqhushumbisi yokuqala yenziwa ngo-1854, ngomhla we-5 Oktobha. Nangona kunjalo, esi sixeko wabuya umlilo imipu. I abanya Sevastopol waba libaziseko. ukusekelwa bevela eRashiya. Menshikov wagqiba wabaxabela ngasemva utshaba, kodwa woyiswa ngo-Oktobha 24 Idabi Inkerman.

Ngowe-1854, ngoDisemba 28 e Vienna wadlan abathunywa kwinkomfa ka-Russia, Austria, France, Great Britain. Imiba zehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, akukho sivumelwano ngokunxulumene kokufa uNicholas 1. Alexander 2 wagqiba ukwamkela imiqathango ecetywayo.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1855, iMfazwe iCrimea iyaqhubeka ESardinia ukuba ukuzibandakanya nayo. Gorchakov, befuna ukudambisa uxinzelelo Sevastopol, utshaba kuhlaselwa kuMlambo Black. Kodwa woyiswa, ukuze ekugqibeleni wagqiba kokuwa mzi.

August 7 yayixakekile Malakoff.

Ngowe-1855, ngoDisemba, izimpi zaphela kuwo onke amanqanaba. Kwangaxeshanye, iqalise iintetho uxolo. Ekupheleni kukaFebruwari ngo1856 wavula Paris Congress. Yena kugqitywe umsebenzi wakhe Matshi 18 ekuphelisweni iSivumelwano Paris.