Ziziphi izinto zobuhlanga? Imizekelo yokusetyenziswa kwintetho yanamhlanje

Ulwimi aluzange lume. Yena, njengomzimba ophilileyo, uyayithobela imithetho yokuphuhlisa. Ezinye zezohlulo zayo ziguquka kakhulu, ezinye zatshintshwa ngabantu abatsha. Kakade, ukuphuhliswa koluntu (ukutshintsha isakhiwo sentlalo, ubuchule bolawulo) kunye nenkqubela phambili kwisayensi kunye ne-teknoloji ithonya le nkqubo. Akuyona ingozi yokuba malunga nokuphuhliswa kwe-Intanethi kunye nekhompyutha, kukho nenani elikhulu lamagama amatsha angena kwiilwimi-neologisms, ngamanye amaxesha angabhajari (oko kukuthi, amathokethi awanakuliswa ngokupheleleyo, kaninzi ahluke ngokupeliswa). Nangona amazwi angapheli kunye neengcamango zizinto ezidlulileyo. Kodwa apheli ngokupheleleyo, kuba le nkqubo iphuculwa. Nangona abantu besazi ukuba kuthetha ukuthini, bathi, igama elithi "Komsomol" okanye "i-rafak", okanye imisebenzi yobugcisa apho kusetyenziswa amagama angasetyenziswayo (esoloko edinga iingcaciso kumfundi wanamhlanje ngendlela yeempendulo, amanqaku emibhalo, izibonelelo) zihlala, aziyi kufa . Iimpawu eziphumayo zihlala zihlulwe kwiindawo zokuhlaziya kunye nembali. Amagqabantshintshi ngamazwi achaza iziganeko ezingapheliyo kunye neengcamango, izinto. Umzekelo, "iArmenian", "kaftan", "tarantas", "unobhala" - ayikho injalo impahla, isithuthi, isithuba namhlanje. Akukho zi serfs kunye neenkwenkwe. Ngenxa yoko, ezi ziyimbali. Kodwa ke yintoni i-archaism? Eli lizwi elingasetyenziswayo elibonisa into ekhoyo, ingcamango, into. "Lanita" - efanayo nezihlathi, "iminwe" - iminwe, "yityhila" - intamo. Kodwa asitsho njalo. Ukuqonda ngokucacileyo ukuba yiyiphi i-archaism kwaye yintoni indima yayo kulwimi nakwincwadi, siza kuhlalutya ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zazo.

Ngokwamagama amaninzi, akukho nentsingiselo okanye isipelingi esitshintshile, kodwa zichazwe ngokungafaniyo kwintetho yanamhlanje. Umzekelo, "umculo", "uphawu". Emva kwakho konke, ngekhulu le-19 ugxininiso aluzange lubekwe apho lwalukho ngoku: bathi "umculo", "uphawu". Lawa magama angabikho phantsi. Yaye yintoni i-semchantic? Leli lizwi elinamanani athile okanye ngaphezulu aphelile. Ngokomzekelo, "ungayithinti isisu." Akunalo malunga nxalenye ethile yomzimba. Kanye eli gama lithetha "ubomi." Okanye igama elithi "isiqwenga" - xa eli lizwi lalingesilo isiqalekiso, isiqalekiso, kodwa sabhekisela kumntu ongafanelekanga kwinkonzo yempi. Oko kukuthi, igama lihlala, kodwa ngoku lisetyenziswe kumxholo ohluke ngokupheleleyo, ngentsingiselo eyahlukileyo.

Yintoni i-archaism lexical okanye i-lexicon-word-formative? Umzekelo, ngubani "isela" kwigama elithi "aki th ebusuku"? Emva kokuba eli gama lithetha "isela", ngoku isetyenziswe kuphela njengenxalenye yale ngciko, kwaye yinto enqabile kakhulu. Amasela akhona, kodwa i-lexeme isiphelile. Kwaye apha, umzekelo, "ubuhlobo" esikhundleni sokuthi "ubuhlobo", "intlanzi" esikhundleni sokuba "umlobi" kuyaqondakala ngathi, kuba izilwanyana kuphela zitshintshile. Le ngqungquthela yokwenza iilksik-word making making are Russian. Siyaqonda ukuba "idola" yi "intlambo", "buza" - "buza", kodwa iimpendulo ziyadingeka kumagama anjengokuthi "ukutya" (izitya, ukutya) okanye "olunye usuku" (ngokuhlwa). Nangona kunjalo, iziqhelo, amagama angapheliyo (kuquka iimbali), ncedisa umbhali ukuba aphinde aphinde umbala wexesha. Ngaloo ndlela, badlala indima yokubhala, ngakumbi xa isetyenziswe kwintetho okanye kwimisebenzi yabantu. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukuqonda ukuba yiyiphi i-archaism, amagama anceda (umzekelo, inkqubo ethi "Ngenye Imini" okanye igama elithi "impahla" esetyenziswa rhoqo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zokugqibela), kunye neengqungquthela zesigidimi apho kukho izixhobo ezingasebenzi ("ezisixhenxe ezisebunzini" ukusuka " Span "ngumlinganiselo wobude). Ukuqonda intsingiselo yegama elinjalo okanye i-idiom, kufuneka sibhekisele kwisichazi-magama esicacileyo (umzekelo, amagama angapheliyo kunye namazwi).