Usuku lwe-Chess lwamazwe ngamazwe liholide yengqondo kunye nesicwangciso

I-Chess ibhola yebhodi yabachasi ababini, apho ibhodi yesikwere enee-64 iiseli zembala emibili kunye namanani angama-32 ibandakanyeka. Ilizwe lalo lizwe liyiNdiya, ngokuguqulelwa kwi-"shah" yasePersi - ukumkani, "umlingane" - wafa. Usuku lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye neentlanzi, kunye nabadlali bezobugcisa bagubha ngoJulayi 20.

Iminyaka eyi-1500 kwimbali ye-chess

Umyalezo ovela "kwiNcwadi yamaKumkani" (inkulungwane ye-10, eIndiya) utshela le nguqulo yemvelaphi yomdlalo. I-strong tsarina yayineewele ezimbini. Ukulingana ngamandla kunye nobunzima, abazange babe ngabalawuli. Ukumkani kufuneka abe yedwa. Umama, ngesiluleko sezilumko, ubathumela kwimfazwe, apho wonke umntu kufuneka azibonakalise njengeqhawe.

Abazalwana banqoba intshaba, kodwa ngexesha lokulwa, uGiv ulungisa ukufa kukaTalhand. Akukho mntu uyazama ukuxelela ukumkanikazi ukuba unyana wakhe wesibini wabulawa njani. Kuphela inzala ephakanyiswa nomdlalo kwibhodi yeeseli kunye nemifanekiso yabalinganiswa kunye nenkqubo ye chess ixelela imeko yeyona nyaniso.

Izinketho zeMidlalo

Iintetho zokuqala zabadlali ababini okanye 4. Amagqabi avikela umkhosi kumacala omabini, kunye neenkamela zazingekho ebhodini. Inkosikazi (umcebisi wenkosi) ayikwazi ukuhamba ukusuka kumfanekiso ophezulu ngaphezu kwekwele enye. Ukuhamba kwamanye amanani kwatshintsha. Izindlovu zikwazi ukuhamba zihamba ngaphaya kweekwere ezintathu.

I-Chaturanga, apho abachasi abane abadlala kumacandelo amane ebhodi yeengcezu ezili-8 (zibini ngeebini), kukutshintsha kwexesha elide. Ngaba amanani ayehamba kwaye zithini intsingiselo yawo - ayizange ifinyelele kuthi, kodwa yaziwa ukuba yile nguqulelo umdlalo waseArabhu uShatranj wenzeka. KwamaPersi yaguqulwa yaba yi "shatran", ukusuka kumaMongol ukuya "shatar", kwaye xa yafika kumaTajik, yayibizwa ngokuthi "chess" (umlawuli owanqotyisiweyo).

Ukwaziswa kwe chess

Ngowe-1966, i-International Day of Chess yaqeshwa ngokusemthethweni. Imbali yomdlalo kwiminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo iyakunika ilungelo lokubizwa ngokuzonwabisa ngokudala kunengqondo kunye nesicwangciso. Inyathelo leholide liyi-FIDE, i-World Chess Organization kunye ne-UNESCO. Ngethuba lokuqala lolo suku lugubha eFransi, sele ligcinwe emhlabeni wonke ngendlela yeetournaments, imicimbi yeemidlalo kunye nemincintiswano.

Inkolelo yokubhiyozela i-International Day of Chess ngenkuthalo yamkelwa kumazwe angama-178. I-Tournaments kunye neemidlalo ezifanayo zithandwa kwiindawo zokuvalelwa, kunye phakathi kwezombusazwe ezifana no-Obama, u-V. Zhirinovsky, uVs Yushchenko.

Abadlali abagqwesileyo be-chess kwihlabathi

Ngomnyaka we-1886, uWilhelm Steinitz, waseAustralia owamkela ubemi baseMerika, waba ngumdlali wehlabathi wokuqala kwi-chess. Ngaphambi kwakhe, owona mnye owaziwayo yiLuis Lucena noRui Segura (iSpain), uGivanvan Couriti noJoququino Greco (uBukumkani obungenanto), F. Philidor noL. Labordonne (eFransi). Abadlali bekhulu le-19.

Eyona nto ingcono kwii-20 neye-21 iinqanaba leLarker (iJamani), iCapablanca (Cuba), i-Euwe (Netherlands), iFisher (i-USA), i-Anand (iIndiya), i-Topalov (iBulgaria), uCarsen (Norway). Kodwa ngaphezu kwazo zonke iinqununu zaseRussia: A. Alekhin, M. Botvinnik, V. Smyslov, M. Tal, T. Petrosyan, B. Spassky, A. Karpov, G. Kasparov, A. Khalifman, V. Kramnik. Kwakhona kufuneke ukuthethwa nguRuslan Ponomarev (Ukraine) kunye noRustam Kasimdzhanov (Uzbekistan).

Usuku lwe-Chess lwamazwe ngamazwe, iifoto zabadlali abacebileyo zihlobisa iiholo. Amagama abo ayehlile kwimbali njengamaqela abo. Amacandelo asemgangathweni kunye neengcamango zomhlaba, apho amazwe abo aziqhenyayo, ukususela ngo-2006 babumbene inye intlangano.

EMoscow, ngo-2015

Usuku lwe-Chess lwamazwe ngamazwe (ngo-2015) eMoscow lwaphawulwa ngumsebenzi omkhulu. Umkhosi wokuvulwa kwaba nguMongameli we-International Federation K. Ilyumzhinov, uMongameli weMoscow uMnuz V. Palihata, oomkhulu bezemfundo uManakova, uS. Karyakin, uA. Savina, uJan Nepomnyashchiy kunye nabanye abameli abahloniphekileyo kunye neendwendwe.

Iziganeko zeSuku loKwaZulu-wonke lwe-Chess zaqala ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo ezi-5 ezihlukeneyo zesixeko. Ukuvulwa okukhulu, apho abadlali be-chess bavuyiswa khona ngabaphathi be-Federation kunye nabameli be-UNESCO, bazaliswe ngamahlazo kunye nokufudumala komhlobo.

Esikolweni № 1883 uKirsan Ilyumzhinov wakhumbuza abafana ukuba i-chess ayinomdla kakhulu njengokwakhiwa kokunyamezela kwangaphakathi kunye nenkcubeko. Lobu bugcisa kunye nesayensi kumntu oyedwa. Ngabanye abadlali abakhulu be-studio, uA. Akhmetov ubanjwe iseshoni semidlalo efanayo.

Kwi- Strastnoy Boulevard, iindwendwe zentlonelo, emva kokuncoma kunye nezipho, zadlala umdlalo we-floor chess. Eqhubekayo A. U-Golichenkov watsho malunga nempumelelo yeqela elincinci le-Yurfak MSU kwiindonga zeyunivesiti. U-T. Gvilava wabelane ngethemba lakhe ekuphuhlisweni kwiprojekthi "Phakamisela Ikusasa".

Kwisikolo se-chess negama elihle "U-Etude" V. U-Palihata kunye no-grandmasters bafika ngokuhlwa kwaye kwindawo evulekile yavula i-2 yeNdebe yeMoscow. Iholide iphelile ngomdlalo we "live chess" kunye nengxoxo yeprojekthi yonke yaseRashiya ethi "Chess eSikolweni."

Ubugcisa bomdlalo

Usuku lwe-International chess lugujwa ngentshiseko kulo lonke ihlabathi. Umdlalo uwukufuna ukugqwesa ngokuqeqesha, ukuphuhliswa nokugcinwa kwefomu, isifiso sobuchule kunye nosindiso. IKomiti yeOlimpiki ngo-2006 yabona le midlalo, kodwa ayihlose ukuba ifake kule nkqubo, kunye nabahloli kunye nebhuloho.

Ukungazithembi ngolo hlobo lwe-chess kubangelwa ingcamango engaphambili yokuba umdlalo ngowona uphuhliso lomzimba. Yaye yonke into edibaniswe nengqondo yinkcubeko nobugcisa. Usuku lwe-Chess lwaMazwe ngamazwe aluphela nje ukubhiyozela ubumbano lwabadlali, kodwa kunye nesenzo sokulwa nokungathembeki kweKomiti yeOlimpiki.

Iinjongo zesenzo zingabonakaliswa ngale ndlela:

1. Ngethuba lomdlalo, zombini i-hemispheres yengqondo iyabandakanyeka. Ubunengqiqo kunye nokucinga okunengcamango kusetyenziswa kwelinye icala ngokukhawuleza.
2. Imemori isebenzisa iinkqubo zokusebenza kunye nexesha elide eliqeqesha ubuchule bokuqonda.
3. Ingqondo ephuhlisiwe, ukuzinza kwengqondo, umnqweno wokunqoba, uhlalutyo lweziphene.