Zeziphi iinkqubo zikarhulumente? impilo yoluntu, iinkqubo zemfundo kunye nezoqoqosho

Kwi-Russian Federation lisebenza nzima phezu uphuhliso kunye nokuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zikarhulumente. Resource ubunakho benza isithintelo kunye isibaluli ukukhetha iingxaki ukufunda kwinkqubo nganye. Oku kudla ngokukhokelela ngomnyango phambili iingxaki phezu zobuchule. Qho ngonyaka, ngexesha lokusekwa kwinqanaba mali federal ezivunywe ezininzi kwiinkqubo eziza kuxhaswa ngemali evela mali federal.

Inkqubo State: definition kunye nentsingiselo

inkqubo karhulumente Russian yindlela enkulu wokuphunyezwa lwangaphakathi nkqubo karhulumente zokukhomba uphuhliso lwezentlalo, lwezoqoqosho iinkalo zobomi kwaye mayibhekiswe ekuphunyezweni kweeprojekthi ezinkulu zenzululwazi kunye notyalo-mali, luxanduva ngesisombululo iingxaki ezinzima, lelona nqanaba kwemisebenzi ye-mandla federal, kumasebe nasekhaya. Ukongeza, inxulunyaniswa ixesha, abadlali kanye eneencwadi nezinye izibonelelo ze-mveliso kwezoqoqosho, uphando, lwezenzululwazi, intlalo noqoqosho kunye nezinye izinto, ukuze zijoliswe ukuququzelela kunye nokuqinisekisa uphuhliso karhulumente kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo kunye neendawo zemisebenzi.

iinkqubo zikarhulumente luyaphuhliswa kwaye yaphunyezwa ngabasemagunyeni aphezulu okanye ezinye abalawuli abaziintloko-mali zohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, amagunya ezibandakanya ukuphunyezwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente, kunye namanye amagcisa inxaxheba kule program.

ubume beprogram

inkqubo nganye kwi Russian Federation iquka:

• iinkqubo zikarhulumente federal kunye / okanye imisebenzi yesiqhelo;
• imisebenzi emikhulu kunye / okanye iinkqubo target yesebe;
• amanyathelo ezithile ezijoliswe ekusombululeni umsebenzi othile kwinkqubo.

isakhiwo software Standard ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• ekuqulunqeni le ngxaki kunye nobungqina imfuneko ukusombulula iindlela inkqubo;
• iinjongo, iinjongo, ixesha kunye amanqanaba nokuphunyezwa kwenkqubo;
• Imisebenzi complex Inkqubo: lobuchule, uqoqosho, procedural, uphando, etc;.
• ubungakanani kunye imithombo yenkxaso-mali, imisebenzi yolondolozo resource;
• kwesu;
• umbutho kunye ikhondo nokufezekisa ulawulo;
• ukujonga ukusebenza kwale nkqubo esilungiselelwe ngemiphumo kunye neziphumo;
• yokundwendwela.

Ngokuyimfuneko limisela iiparameter ukuba ibe nazo inkqubo wadala ziqulathe projections zeziphumo okuluphawu ukutshintsha karhulumente, umzekelo, iinkonzo zentlalo, umgangatho kunye nomgangatho wokuphila, ukhuseleko lwezentlalo, uqoqosho, impilo, kunye nabanye.

iinkqubo zikarhulumente zisekelwe ezivunyiweyo kangangexesha elithile yemisebenzi kaRhulumente; amalungiselelo zichaze ingqiqo kuphuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho ye-Russian Federation; izigqibo nguMongameli kunye noMphathiswa Prime; imithetho yase.

Ukwahlukanisa iinkqubo zikarhulumente

iinkqubo zikarhulumente Oko kubizwa ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo:

• e ulwalathiso umthombo kwiNgxowa-mali (federal, yengingqi, zikamasipala);
• ingxaki ekufuneka isonjululwe liSebe kwinqanaba (inter-isebe, isebe, wendawo);
• uhlobo ingxaki ekufuneka isonjululwe (integrated, uphando, ezentlalo nezoqoqosho, zenzululwazi-technical kunye nabanye.);
• phantsi kwentengiso (elifutshane, eliphakathi, nelide).

izinto kutshanje abanjalo ukuba inkqubo karhulumente ejoliswe nje kuphela nangaliphi na inqanaba enye yokusombulula le ngxaki, umzekelo, federal basekuhlaleni, okanye kwezinye iimeko zasekuhlaleni. Ngoko ke, ngaxeshanye kunye nokuphunyezwa kwinqanaba federal, ucwangciso uphuhliso lwenkqubo zommandla kwimeko yasekuhlaleni kunye nemiba.

Izigaba zophuhliso kweenkqubo zikarhulumente

Nayiphi na inxalenye yenkqubo karhulumente isifundo ngenyameko necandelo zolawulo. Nawuphi na umcimbi, routine exhaswa yi-sikhokelo esemthethweni. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba injongo kunye nesiqulatho yenkqubo akayi kungqubana, ukuba ukungena saphule imithetho esisiseko kunye nezenzo zolawulo zomthetho kweli lizwe okanye bahlukumeze amalungelo omnye umntu kunye nenkululeko.

Inkqubo, umxholo kunye nobume inkqubo karhulumente zibekwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo imithetho esebenzayo kunye nemimiselo kuyilo bethatha inxaxheba abasemagunyeni lomthetho nelesigqeba, kwimibutho yenzululwazi kunye noluntu kunye nemibutho.

Engamkelekanga ke ukuqukwa kwindawo esisiseko kunye nemixube isiqulatho inkqubo equlethe injongo yokuzingca.

iinkqubo zikarhulumente kuphuhliso lwabo baye amanyathelo aliqela zihlobene:

1. Ilungise ingxaki. Ukuba le nkqubo wayenelungelo lokuba khona, kufuneka unike izizathu sibalulekile uze uchonge ingxaki umxholo ekufuneka isonjululwe iindlela lokuprograma;
2. Creative. Concept - kuyinxalenye yentlanganisela nayiphi na inkqubo, kuyimfuneko ukuba nokugunyazisa ithethelele iinketho ezininzi ezisebenzayo, iindlela okanye iindlela zokusombulula iingxaki;
3. Ekuqulunqweni kwesicwangciso. Kweli nqanaba, isifundo ngenyameko kwezindululo ezithile ukusombulula lo mba, iqela ekujoliswe ecacisiweyo banikwa uhlalutyo zemali kunye nezoqoqosho;
4. Ukuthatyathwa kwezigqibo. Urhulumente Russian okanye elinye iqumrhu eligunyazisiweyo liya isigqibo ekuqaleni kwenkqubo yophuhliso program.
5. Ukudala projekthi. Umsebenzi uyaqala kuphuhliso kwenkqubo eyidrafti, eyila iinjongo kunye neenjongo, imigama kunye nemihla, izibonelelo kunye nabadlali;
6. imisebenzi yophuhliso. Ngqo itsalelwa inxalenye enkulu kule nkqubo, isicelo mali lwexeshana nokudala isicwangciso soshishino;
7. LeeMviwo. Ngokumalunga uhlobo kunye nohlobo lwenkqubo igqitha iimviwo eyenziwa :. lwezoQoqosho, ezomthetho, inkqubo uyilo ngokobugcisa kunye nezinye zihlanganiswa zabaphathiswa, amagunya karhulumente amaziko athatha inxaxheba ekuphunyezweni kwayo.

Umjikelo wobomi inkqubo yaphuhlisa

Emva kokuba uviwo, uhlele, inkqubo karhulumente yeprojekthi uhamba imijikelo yobomi ezininzi:

• Isigqibo kagunyaziwe yoluntu. Urhulumente Russian, ubulungiseleli okanye olunye uxwebhu igosa igunya athabathe isigqibo ekuqaleni kwenkqubo;
• Ukuqaphela. Baqeshwa abanoxanduva lokuyenza zamacandelo lwenkqubo, wenziwe esweni imisebenzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemali. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, isigqibo malunga hlengiso yalo;
• Kwinkqubo yokuphunyezwa kwe-mali lwenkqubo senziwa kuphela ngokuhambelana isicelo mali.
• Ukuvavanywa iziphumo kunye nokusebenza.

Ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zikarhulumente ukunceda

iinkqubo zoncedo State iya zithandwa kakhulu. Ukubeka iliso iingxaki zentlalo utyhila izinto eziphambili umsebenzi. Ngoko ke, kangangeminyaka eliqela inkqubo "Promotion of yengqesho" (ukususela ngo-2012), nto leyo ijolise ekuboneleleni iimeko zeziko, ezomthetho kunye noqoqosho ukuze uphuhliso kwimarike yezemisebenzi olusebenzayo. Iziphumo zale nkqubo kufuneka ibe ukunciphisa imimoya endaweni ingqesho, ukugcinwa kwezakhono kunye nempilo yabasebenzi, ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo abo yabasebenzi.

Akukho ngaphantsi ongxamisekileyo inkqubo "Inkxaso ngabemi", eyilelwe ukuphucula iintlobo kunye neendlela zoncedo loluntu ukuba iindidi ezahlukeneyo amahlwempu, iinzuzo ntle, ukusebenza ngezibophelelo zikarhulumente kwiinkonzo zentlalo kunye nenkxaso yabemi.

Ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zemfundo

iinkqubo zemfundo zoluntu indlela ngenxa yotshintsho eli candelo. Omnye wabo - "Development of Education" - ilungiselelwe ukuya ku-2020 Ngenxa imisebenzi ecwangcisiweyo izicwangciso ukuphumeza uphuhliso onke amanqanaba emfundo ukuba kube lula ukufikelela kunye nomgangatho, ukuphuhlisa inkqubo yovavanyo. Ingxaki kwakhona kuquka neendlela zolawulo lungiselela ukusekwa, ukudala utshintshiselwano lweenkcukacha womnatha phakathi amaziko emfundo. Abasebenzi kufuneka banikwe izinto eziyimfuneko ulwazi, uqeqesho, izixhobo methodological ukuba usebenza nabafundi - kukwayinto entle isiganeko, nto leyo ibandakanya inkqubo karhulumente. Imfundo - ithuba kubantu abaselula lokukhusela ikamva elungileyo.

Ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zempilo

Iinkqubo zempilo yoluntu ziyilelwe ukusombulula iingxaki ezininzi engxamisekileyo isigaba ukukhusela impilo abemi Russian '. Ukususela 2012 yaqaphela "Le nkqubo karhulumente yophuhliso impilo eRashiya." Ngokutsho ababhekisi, yinto enye indlela eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo ukuphucula iziseko, okuyilwa profsredy olunye, ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nomgangatho unyango, uqeqesho. Ukongeza kwinkqubo yalo kweziqinisekiso karhulumente savunywa, umongo apho Kuyinto ukudala iimeko ukuba ukunika unyango simahla kubemi. Njengenxalenye yemisebenzi ezivunyiweyo yi uluhlu iimeko, iintlobo kunye neendidi unyango, liphuhlise uluhlu kwezifo apho unyango inikezelwa simahla, bakha uluhlu lweerhafu. Wathi ngo-2014 kunye ocwangcisiweyo 2015-2016.

Ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo entsimini uqoqosho

iinkqubo zoqoqosho State, kuthathelwa kukungazinzi zemali akhawunti yile ntlekele baye baba arhente ezibalulekileyo zokurhoxa eRashiya kwiimeko ezinzima.

Ukususela ngo-2013, faka endaweni inkqubo 'UQoqosho nophuhliso kunye noqoqosho ezintsha "ejoliswe ummiselo karhulumente, ukuphunyezwa kwe eziphambili kwinkalo yophuhliso lwentlalo kunye nabathengi ezintsha kwezoqoqosho. Okwangoku, sihlelwe ukudala iimeko ezithandwa kakhulu kuphuhliso loshishino, ukuqinisekisa ukukhula ngobuchule iintlobo zoluntu wolawulo, ukutsala utyalo-mali ezongezelelweyo kuphuhliso loqoqosho. Enye inkqubo - "Uphuhliso umsebenzi zangaphandle" kwi-2013-2018 biennium. - kujoliswe ekuqiniseni kwindawo Russian kwezoqoqosho ehlabathini, ukuphucula umgangatho kwezalathisi kokusingqongileyo lwangaphandle.

Ezinye iindidi iinkqubo zikarhulumente

inkqubo yophuhliso State uye amagama angama-40. Nganye ayisazanelisi iimfuno ngqo amanqanaba amakhulu namancinci noqoqosho yophuhliso karhulumente, ijolise ekusombululeni iingxaki engxamisekileyo kumacandelo emnxinwa ezoqoqosho kunye noluntu Russian:. Eziphilayo, ulawulo lokusingqongileyo, emkhosini, nokukhuselwa ulawulo lomthetho, kwi-Internet, amahlathi kunye nabanye Umzekelo, kwi-sikhokelo lwenkqubo ' uphuhliso kwezolimo kunye nokulawulwa lweemveliso zolimo, izinto kunye nokutya 2013-2020 "ngokuphumeza amanyathelo ukuphumeza ukuzimela ukutya karhulumente, ngaphezu uw ukhuphiswano lweemveliso yesizwe kunye nophuhliso uzinzo kwezemali. Le nkqubo 'Ukukotshwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo zendalo "ijolise lokuququzelela eyiyo yokusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo zendalo lizwe, ukunika amashishini iiminerali efuna ulwazi malunga kanti ke iidipozithi zizityebi kwezimbiwa.

ngempumelelo inkqubo Iimeko

Ukuzalisekiswa kwenkqubo karhulumente ayikho ngaphandle uphuhliso kunye nokusungulwa kwezixhobo zovavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo. Ipharamitha eziveliswe yinkqubo karhulumente kufuneka ziboniswe kwi lentelekelelo uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho nezentlalo zelizwe kwixesha eliphakathi. ukuntsokotha yazo ubonisa ukuba ibakala yophuhliso mali federal ngaphandle kokuba imiqathango efanelekileyo zithathwa amacandelo ukusebenza kunye nokwanela kweenkqubo mali.

Imiba ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo karhulumente:

• nokucaca Eyona njongo yale nkqutyana-nkqubo we sub-ekujoliswe;
• phambi isakhiwo enengqondo;
• imithwalo ukuphunyezwa namanyathelo acetywayo kwenkqubo karhulumente lobulungiseleli nganye inxaxheba ekuphunyezweni;
• ukudala inkqubo yokukhuthaza ukuba ukusebenza mpumelelo.

Indlela yokusebenza Software

Indlela emisiweyo ukusebenza inkqubo ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo mali zezi:

1. Indleko-olusebenzayo: ekuphumezeni iindleko kwangenwa kuzo zonke iintlobo zezibonelelo inkqubo esetyenziswayo.
2. Performance: ukusekwa lomlinganiselo owenziwe ixabiso mali kuzanywa kuyo.
3. Ukusebenza: ukuphelela iinjongo zokwenziwa komsebenzi, ukutshatisa ubungakanani inkcitho karhulumente kunye neziphumo xa zisetyenziswa.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, ukongeza nemigaqo jikelele kuhlobo oluthile nkqubo (ezentlalo, zonyango, uqoqosho, esingqongileyo, kunye nabanye.), Iimpawu ezithile kuqulunqwa ezizifezekisayo njongo ichazwe ngentla. Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwentsebenzo iziphumo ezintle zathengwa, inkqubo linokwandiswa enye ixesha elithile, kodwa ke kuphela emva kokwenza utshintsho ezifanelekileyo.