Iingxaki amashishini amancinane. Mboleko kumashishini amancinci. Ukuvula i lwamashishini amancinane

Qho ngonyaka, inani enkulu kumashishini amancinci wadala eRashiya. Abaninzi kubo zivaliwe kunyaka olandelayo, inxenye encinci ixesha ukusebenza ngaphandle iminyaka embalwa. Kwaye nje iqhezu encinane yonke imibutho esebenza emarikeni ngempumelelo. Kutshanje, abantu baye balahlekelwa umnqweno ukuqala ishishini labo. Oku kungenxa yeengxaki zamashishini amancinane ezikhoyo kwilizwe lethu ngelo xesha. Kweli nqaku siza kuzama ukulungisa lo mba.

Ziziphi iinkathazo afune amashishini amancinci?

Russian Federation uhamba ngendlela yalo kuphuhliso loshishino. Le ndlela kakhulu ezithile, kunye namashishini amaninzi niyasokola ngenxa yoko. Ukuxhasa amashishini amancinci yenziwa ngokuhambelana nomqondo ka abemi, uqoqosho ezingazinzanga, kwakunye nokunqongophala kolwazi malunga ukuziphatha ngesithethe.

Le ndoda yagqiba ekubeni ukuqala ishishini labo, kufuneka baqonde ukuba impumelelo yayo ixhomekeke nje kuphela iinzame yavelisa amagqabi ngumrhwebi. Kakhulu iphenjelelwa yimiba eyahlukeneyo lwangaphandle nangaphakathi. Zonke yokuntsonkotha asakhasayo zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela ezininzi:

• yemali;
• iingxaki mboleko kumashishini amancinci;
• ubunzima zeziko;
• logistics.

Ukuba ishishini eqhelekileyo kunye nokusebenza enemveliso, oko intsebenziswano kuyimfuneko lomthengi, umnini kunye norhulumente. Kuphela kulo mzekelo, lo mbandela uya kuza kwimpumelelo.

ubunzima yasekhaya

Ezi ngxaki amashishini amancinci ziquka ukungabikho kwemali, ukucwangcisa nolungafanelekanga kunye nolawulo. Kakade ke, abaninzi ujongene ukunqongophala eyinkunzi start-up. Ukuba unayo kwi esandleni sum kuyimfuneko, oku isiqinisekiso sempumelelo. Emva kokuba bonke kufuneka ngumbono entsha elungileyo, isicwangciso soshishino onobuchule, uphuculo oluqhubekayo zeshishini.

Kuba yenye yeengxaki ezinkulu yophuhliso lwamashishini amancinci kukungabikho kolwazi ucwangciso olufanelekileyo lwemisebenzi. Le ntwana ayikwazi phantsi, njengoko inkunkuma singacinganga kwezixhobo kunokukhokelela ungonakala. Ukuba isicwangciso, sifanele ukuba ukuyitshintsha phantsi kweemeko real nazo.

Ulawulo lombutho kufanele yenziwe yeengcali abafanelekayo kakhulu. Amaxesha amaninzi intloko Ilibale malunga nemisebenzi yabo ajike kumphathi avareji. Le meko ayikho kakhulu impembelelo entle yokusebenza ngokuqinileyo.

imiba etshisa ibunzi mthetho

Kubulungisa kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba isenzo sokuqala somthetho ngamashishini asakhasayo yamkelwa ngo-1995. Nalapho ke kwacaca ukuba lo umthetho inani elikhulu kuneengxaki. Kuba namhlanje esinye isenzo yamkelwa ngo-2007. Nangoku rhoqo ukuba ilungiswe.

Ukuvula ngamashishini amancinane eRashiya lu dityanisiwe ezinye iingxaki. Abantu abaninzi bayoyika yeengxelo okungenasiphelo yonke umrhwebi kufuneka kangangexesha elithile. Kukho kwakhona inkqubo izohlwayo iingxelo hayi ngexesha zingeniswe kunye neentlawulo umhle ephucukileyo. Nkqu nangona urhulumente rhoqo uvelisa iinkqubo ukuxhasa amashishini amancinane kunye nenkqubo yerhafu lula, intlawulo iya kuhlala enkulu kakhulu. Ngoko ke, abantu abafuni ukuchitha nale, kuba uyakwazi ukunika imali ngaphezu imali.

Regulation kunye nokufikelela neemvumelwano zikarhulumente

Iingxaki kwamashishini amancinci eRashiya kananjalo ngenxa kumgaqo ezinzima zamashishini ngurhulumente. Ukuziqhelisa, oko kuthiwa imiqobo zolawulo. Ezi ukuhlola engaphele rhoqo, inkqubo ezintsonkothileyo yobhaliso kunye lomqhubi, ngokuqokelela inani elikhulu imibuzo.

Njengoko uqheliselo langaphandle, imiqobo ngaphantsi ahlukeneyo amashishini amancinci, ngcono iyasebenza. Da le miqobo kwakuya kuzisa iingenelo ezininzi.

Ngoko ke akukho mfihlakalo ukuba urhulumente uzama ngandlela zonke ukuxhasa amashishini amancinci. Noko ke, ukuze ufumane uncedo kufuneka basebenze nzima. Ukuba ekucaca ukuba nawuphi na umyalelo karhulumente, abaninzi abafuna ukuvela. Kwaye njalo, bade ekugqibeleni ke kunikezwe inkampani engaqhelekanga ekrokrisayo. Le meko ezaziwa Izikim urhwaphilizo, kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukutshintsha. Le umqobo yingxaki enkulu zamashishini amancinane.

Ngezimali kunye nezohlwayo zamashishini amancinane

Ethetha ngeengxaki, asinako ngoyaba isihloko mboleko kumashishini amancinci. Inyaniso kukuba asingawo onke iibhanki abakulungeleyo ukunika ekuqaleni imali umrhwebi-mboleko. Ngokutsho manani, omnye kuphela yesithathu koosomashishini abatsha banakho ukufumana imali-mboleko, abanye abavunyelwe. Oku kungenxa likukoyika ebhankini ukuba ngoosomashishini akayi ukuhlawula amatyala.

Ukuba umntu uza kumisa ishishini yabo kwaye uqale imveliso, ngoko amathuba ayo okufumana i mboleko engephi. Iibhanki kakhulu sikulungele ukunika mboleko kwabo bazithatha kwaye ndibhatale ngexesha ngakumbi. Le nto ibizwa ngokuba imbali elungileyo ngetyala. Kwakhona, iibhanki behlala besenza umnyinyiva, kunciphisa umyinge wenzala kunye nentlawulo yenyanga.

Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukukhumbula impembelelo kwezohlwayo kumashishini amancinane. Sibuqonde idola kunye euro yaba nefuthe elibi entrepreneurship hlobo. Phambi izohlwayo kwakukho iqela elikhulu iingxaki zoshishino amancinci eRashiya, yaye baba kubo ngakumbi.

Inkxaso ukuqala ishishini

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba urhulumente wenza konke okusemandleni alo ukuxhasa ishishini start-ups, ngoko iye yaziswa sibonelelo. Phantsi kwale program, eli usomashishini unokukhupha ukuya ku 500,000 engange. Noko ke, ukuze afumane le mali, kufuneka ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile. Umzekelo, kufuneka Asiqiniseki ukusebenza iminyaka emibini ubuncinane. Umbutho kufuneka abasebenzi abangaphezu kwama-250, yaye kungabikho ityala phezu iintlobo ezahlukeneyo nezibophelelo.

Imali efunyenwe phantsi kwezibonelelo ishishini encinci isetyenziswe kwi-hardware kuyimfuneko, isoftware, njalo njalo. D. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isibonelelo ikhutshwa kuphela xa ikomkhulu lizwe lethu. Imali makuchithwe irente ofisi e Moscow, ngokunjalo ukulungiselela ukuthenga izinto ekrwada. Nceda uqaphele le meko zilandelayo: imali iyonke yentengo kufuneka ngaphezu kwe-20% enkxaso-mali.

nezinye izibonelelo

Ukongezelela ekusincedeni kuxoxwe ngasentla, linikeza karhulumente kunye nezinye mali. Umzekelo, imbuyekezo ethandwa kakhulu inzala kwimali-mboleko. Njengokuba kunjalo yokuqala, kufuneka azalisekise iqela iimeko. amashishini amancinci kufuneka ngokusesikweni, usomashishini osakhasayo - ukuba ahlawule irhafu ixesha, kwaye kufuneka esandleni kwisivumelwano sentengo yemboleko kuso yi akukho kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama emibini eyadlulayo.

Ukongeza koku kufuneka ukuba lo mbutho asisiso kwindawo lorhwebo, kunye imali-mboleko akazange aye eyinkunzi yokusebenza yenkampani. Kukho kwakhona mali embalwa ngakumbi kumashishini amancinci, umzekelo, kukubuyisela iindleko iintlawulo zengqeshiso. Olu hlobo uncedo na ezithandwa kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba uyakwazi ukufumana ukuya engange 5 million, kodwa kufuneka ube imali ngqesho acquire. Kwakhona, emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa kamva, usomashishini osakhasayo kufuneka angenise ingxelo-mali esichithwe.

amathuba oshishino Small

Ethetha ngekamva amashishini amancinci eRashiya, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba urhulumente uyayiqonda ixabiso ukuba inqanaba lobomi eli lizwe. Ukuba anithanga ukuphuhlisa olu shishino, udidi oluphakathi ungalahleka ngokupheleleyo, apho kuya kubakho ucalucalulo yoluntu. Nyaka ngamnye kukho inkqubo yenkxaso ishishini elitsha, urhulumente uya kwicala elifanelekileyo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukuqinisekisa ukuphunyezwa onke amalungelo nenkululeko usomashishini abo basandula kuqalisa. Iingcali ukuqikelela ukuba kwixa elizayo zibe zibonwa kwabo bathengisa impahla yimfuneko yokuqala amathemba elungileyo, oko kukuthi, igcina ukutya, iimpahla kunye nezihlangu. Kwakhona, ungaze ube ngumsebenzi izikhululo wenkonzo, ageze imoto, njl D.

Phezu kwazo zonke iingxaki zamashishini amancinane, urhulumente uya phambili, bezama ukuqonda iingxaki ze enze isigqibo sakhe.