Amagama aseJapan kunye namazina. Amagama amaJapane amahle

IJapan lizwe elikhethekileyo. Yintoni ebangela la mazwi? Ubume obukhethekileyo, inkcubeko, inkolo, ifilosofi, ubugcisa, indlela yokuphila, imfashini, i-cooking, ukusebenzisana ngokubambisana nobugcisa obuphezulu kunye nezithethe zamandulo, kunye nolwimi lwaseJapan ngokwalo luyinto eyingqayizivele njengoko kukhangeleka. Enye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo zeelwimi ngamagama kunye negama. Bahlala bephethe ingqungquthela yembali, kwaye amaJapan afuna ukwazi.

Cima igama

Kutheni thina, abanyamahanga, sifuna ukwazi konke oku? Okokuqala, kuba inolwazi kwaye inomdla, kuba inkcubeko yaseJapan iye yangena kwiindawo ezininzi zobomi bethu banamhlanje. Kuvuyisa kakhulu ukuchaza amagama abantu abadumileyo: umzekelo, i-animator iMyazaki "itempile, ibhotwe" + "ipape", kunye nombhali uMurakami "ilali" + "phezulu". Okwesibini, konke oku kudala kwaye kuzinze kube yinxalenye yobuncinane bentsha.

Amafomu ezincwadi zamahlaya (manga) kunye nee-animation (anime) zithanda ukuzithathela njengamaqhinga ahlukahlukeneyo amagama namaJamani amagama. "Iisampuli" kunye neminye imidlalo ye-intanethi nayo isebenzise ngokukhawuleza ezo zihlawulelo zabalinganiswa zabadlali. Yaye akumangalisi: eli gama lesidlaliso lihle lihle, likhulu kwaye likhunjulwe.

La magama angamazwi aseJapan kunye namagama

Ilizwe lelanga elinyukayo liya kuhlala lifumana into ekumangalisayo umntu ongamazi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba xa ukurekhoda okanye ukubonakaliswa ngokusemthethweni komntu kuqala kuza igama lakhe, kwaye ke igama, umzekelo: Sato Aiko, Tanaka Yukio. Kwiindlebe zaseRashiya, oku kuvakala kungavamile, kwaye ngoko kunokuba nzima ukuba sikwazi ukuhlukanisa amagama namaJamani asezantsi. AmaJapan ngokwabo, ukuze bagweme ukudideka xa bejongene nabangaphandle, bavame ukubhala amagama abo ngeencwadi ezinkulu. Kwaye le nto yenza lula umsebenzi. Ngethamsanqa, amaJapane kufuneka abe negama elinye nelinye igama. Kwaye ifom efana negama (patronymic), aba bantu abakho nhlobo.

Enye into engavamile yokuxhulumana kweJapan: ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kwintuthuzelo. Kwaye ngoku ziqhotyoshelweyo zixhomekeke kwigama. Iingqapheli zeengqondo zaseYurophu zithi akukho nto imnandi kumntu ngaphezu kwesandi segama lakhe - kodwa amaJapane ayicinga ngenye indlela. Ngako oko, amagama asetyenziswa kuphela kwimeko yoqhagamshelwano olufutshane kunye noluntu.

Ziziphi iinduduzo ezifumaneka kwiJapan?

• (Igama)
• (Igama) + ngokwayo-isibheno kumalungu karhulumente, abalawuli beenkampani, abefundisi; Kwakhona isetyenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa okuzinzile;
• (Igama) + i-sensei-isibheno kubaphathi be-karate, oogqirha, kunye nabaqeqeshi kwiphina indawo;
• (Igama) + kun - isikhenkce kubantwana abaselula kunye namadoda amancinane, kunye nabaphezulu ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu okanye ngaphezulu ukuya ngaphantsi (umzekelo, ophakamileyo ukuya ngaphantsi);
• (Igama) + chan (okanye i-chan) - unyango lwabantwana kunye nabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-10 ubudala; Isibheno sabazali kwimbewu yabo nayiphi na iminyaka; Kwimimoya engaqhelekanga - kubathandekayo kunye nabahlobo abasondeleyo.

Ngamaxesha amaninzi amagama aseJapan asetyenziswayo? Kuyamangalisa, kodwa namalungu entsapho awazifaneli abize ngamagama. Kunoko, kusetyenziswa amagama akhethekileyo, okuthi "umama," "utata," "intombi," "unyana," "udade osemdala," "udade oselula," "umntakwethu omdala," "umntakwabo omncinci," njl. Iingqungquthela "chan (chan)" nazo zongezwa.

Amagama amabhinqa

Amantombazana aseJapan adla ngokubizwa ngamagama athetha into engabonakaliyo, kodwa enhle, eyamnandi neyowesifazane: "intyatyambo", "i-crane", "i-bamboo", "i-lily water", "chrysanthemum", "inyanga" kwaye Fanayo. Ukulula nokuvumelanisa - oku kukwahlula amagama aseJapan kunye namazina.

Amagama amabhinqa kumaxesha amaninzi aqukethe iilayibhile (hieroglyphs) "mi" - ubuhle (umzekelo: iHarumi, iAyumi, i-Kazumi, i-Mie, iFumiko, i-Miyuki) okanye "i-ko" - umntwana (umzekelo: uMaiko, noNaoko, uHaruko, uYumiko, Yoshiko, uHanako , Takako, Asako).

Kuyathakazelisa ukuba amanye amantombazana aseJapan anamhlanje acinga ukuba ukuphela "kuya" kungekuhle kwaye kuwuyeka. Ngoko, umzekelo, igama elithi "Yumiko" liba ngumhla ngemihla elisetyenziswe ngu "Yumi". Kwaye abahlobo kule ntombazana bajongene noYumi-chan.

Zonke ezi ngasentla ziqhelekile kwixesha lethu lamasetyhini aseJapan. Kwaye amagama amantombazana abuye ahlaziye ngokukrakra, ngokukodwa xa uguqulela ukuhlanganiswa okungaqhelekanga kwezandi zesiRashiya. Ngokuqhelekileyo badlulisela umfanekiso wesimo saseJapane esisemaphandleni. Umzekelo: Yamamoto "isiseko seentaba," i-Watanabe "iwela ummandla," i-Iwasaki "i-rock cape", i-Kobayashi "ihlathi elincinci".

Ihlabathi elipheleleyo lembongo livula amagama namaJamani amagama. Abasetyhini bafana ngokufanayo nokusebenza kwindlela yokwenza iHockey, bemangaliswa ngentsingiselo enobungakanani kunye nentsebenziswano.

Amagama amadoda

Amagama amadoda anzima kakhulu ukufunda nokuguqulela. Ezinye zazo zenziwe kwiimpawu. Umzekelo: uMoku ("umchweli"), uAkio ("ohle"), uKatsu ("inkolelo"), uMakoto ("inyaniso"). Ezinye zenziwe kwizichazi okanye izenzi, umzekelo: uSatoshi ("ohlakaniphile"), uMamoru ("khusela"), Takashi ("phezulu"), iTutom ("zama").

Ngokuqhelekileyo, amagama aseJapane amagama omntu kunye nesibongo ziquka ama-hieroglyphs abonisa ubulili: "indoda", "indoda", "iqhawe", "umsizi", "umthi", njl.

Ngokuqhelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwamanani omnxeba. Esi siko sazalwa kwiMinyaka Ephakathi, xa iintsapho zinezingane ezininzi. Ngokomzekelo, igama elithi Ichiro lithetha "unyana wokuqala", uJiro - "unyana wesibini", uSaburo - "inyana yesithathu", ngokunjalo waya kuZiuro, oku kuthetha "unyana weshumi".

Amagama aseJapan amakhwenkwe kunye namazina angadalwa ngokusekelwe kwii-hieroglyphs ezikhoyo ngolwimi. Ngezihlandlo zama-dynasties abantu abahloniphekileyo babandakanya ukubaluleka kakhulu kwindlela yokuzibiza bona kunye nabantwana babo, kodwa kwiJapan yanamhlanje inzuzo inikwe nje ngokuthandwayo kwinto esithandiweyo nesandi. Kule meko, akunakulungele ukuba abantwana basapho bodwa bathathe amagama ane-hieroglyph eqhelekileyo, njengoko yayisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimida yamandulo yangaphambili.

Wonke amagama aseJapan kunye namagama amanina adibeneyo adibanisa izimbini ezimbini: ii-echoes ze-semantic ze-Middle Ages kunye nobunzima bokufunda, ingakumbi kumntu wasemzini.

Amagama aqhelekileyo aseJapan

Amagama amagama ayahlukana nenani elikhulu kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo: ngokweengcali, zikho amagama angama-100 000 ngolwimi lwaseJapan. Ukuthelekisa: amagama angamaRashiya inombolo 300-400 lamawaka.

Amagama aqhelekileyo aseJapan ngeli xesha nguSato, Suzuki, Takahashi, Tanaka, Yamamoto, Watanabe, Saito, Kudo, Sasaki, Kato, Kobayashi, Murakami, Ito, Nakamura, Oonisi, Yamaguchi, Kuroki, Higa.

Inyaniso enomdla: Amagama aseJapan kunye namaqhina ahlukeneyo, ngokuxhomekeke kumhlaba. Ngokomzekelo, e-Okinawa (i-prefecture yokuqala yelizwe) amagama aseTinen, eHiga naseSimabukuro aqhelekileyo, ngelixa lonke laseJapan lugqalwa ngabantu abambalwa kakhulu. Iingcali zichaza oku ngokungafani kwiilwimi kunye nenkcubeko. Ngenxa yezi ngxaki, amaJapane anokuthi kuphela igama lalowo odibanisa naye apho avela khona.

Amagama ahlukeneyo kunye namagama

Inkcubeko yaseYurophu ibonakaliswe ngamagama athile aqhelekileyo, apho abazali bakhetha okona mntwana. Iimfashini zefestile zihlala zitshintsha, kwaye ziyaziwa, ke ezinye, ezinye, kodwa zincinci ngokuthe ngqo ziza ngegama elikhethekileyo. Ngenkcubeko yaseJapan, izinto zihluke: amaqabane angatshatanga okanye amancinane ahlangene nawo amaninzi. Ngoko ke, akukho luhlu lwendabuko. Amagama aseJapane (kunye namagama amaninzi nawo) ahlala esekelwe kuwo onke amazwi amahle okanye amabinzana.

Inkondlo yegama

Ukuchazwa ngokubalulekayo kwintetho ebhaliweyo ikwahlukileyo, kwindawo yokuqala, ngamagama amabhinqa. Umzekelo:

• URuri - "Amanzi uLily".
• IHotaru yi-Firefly.
• Izumi nguMthombo.
• Namiko - "Umntwana wamaza."
• Aiki - "Ingoma Yothando."
• UNatsumi "Uhlobo lweSihlobo".
• Chiyo - "ngonaphakade".
• UNosomi "Ithemba".
• Ima - "Isipho".
• URico - "Umntwana waseJasmine."
• I-Kiku yiChrysanthemum.

Nangona kunjalo, phakathi kwamagama angamadoda unokuhlangabezana namaxabiso amahle:

• Keitaro ngu "Uyolo."
• UToshiro - "Unolwazi".
• Yuki - "Iqhwa";
• Yuzuki "yiCrescent".
• Takehiko - "i-Prince Bamboo."
• URaidon nguThixo weNdudumo.
• Toru yiLwandle.

Inkondlo yegama

Azikho amagama amnandi aseJapan kuphela. Kwaye amagama angaboniswa kakhulu. Umzekelo:

• Arai - "I-Wild well".
• UAoki - "Umthi omncinane (ohlaza)".
• Yoshikawa - "Uvuyo lomlambo".
• Ito nguWisteria.
• Kikuchi - "Pond nge chrysanthemums".
• Komatsu - "I-Little Pine".
• Matsuura - "iPine Bay".
• I-Nagai - "I-Eternal Well".
• Ozawa - "Intaba encinane."
• Oohashi - "I-Bridge Great".
• UShimizu - "Amanzi ahlanzekileyo".
• I-Chiba - "Iifama Zamawaka".
• Furukawa - "Umlambo Omdala".
• Yano - "Umlenze oMlambo".

Yenza uncumo

Ngamanye amaxesha kunamazwi aseJapane amabizo kunye namagama, okanye kunoko, izandi ezihlekisayo zendlebe yaseRashiya.

Phakathi kwezi ungatsho amagama angamadoda: iBhanki, i-Quiet (uxinzelelo kwi-a), u-Ush, iDzoban, Sosi (ugxininisa kwi "o"). Phakathi kwamabhinqa ahlekisayo kumntu othetha isiRashiya bavakala: Hayi, Wasp, Ori, Cho, Hand, Rana, Yura. Kodwa imizekelo engenangqiqo inqabile kakhulu, inikwe ubuninzi beentlobo zamaJapan.

Ngokubhekiselele kumagama, kunokwenzeka ukuba kufumaneke ukudibanisa ngokungaqhelekanga kunye nobunzima ukuvakalisa izandi ngaphezu kobugqwetha. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuhlawulwa ngokulula ngama-parodies amaninzi amagama namaJamani amagama. Ewe, zonke ziqulunqwe ngabadlali be-Russian-speaking speakers, kodwa kukho ukufana kwefowuni kunye neyokuqala. Ngokomzekelo, i-parody enjalo: Umqhubi waseJapan Toyama Tokanava; Okanye umculi waseJapan uTohripo Tovizgo. Emva kwawo onke amagama "amagama" kulula ukuqaphela ibinzana ngesiRashiya.

Amaqiniso anentsingiselo malunga namagama kunye namazita eJapan

EJapan, kusekho umthetho oye usinda kwiMinyaka Ephakathi, ngoko umyeni nomfazi kufuneka batyunde igama elilodwa. Phantse njalo le igama lendoda, kodwa kukho ukungabikho - umzekelo, ukuba umfazi uvela kwintsapho eyaziwayo, eyaziwayo. Nangona kunjalo, kude kube ngoku, iJapane ayinakwenzeka ukuba abatshatileyo baneenombolo ezimbini okanye ngamnye wabo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwiMinyaka Ephakathi, kuphela abalawuli bamaJapan kuphela, abahloniphekileyo kunye namaSamamu babegqoke amagama ngamaqhina, ngelixa abantu abaqhelekileyo banelisekile ngamazwi okubizwa ngokuba ngamaxesha amaninzi ahlanganiswa ngamagama. Ngokomzekelo, njengokuba igama lesidlaliso lisetyenziswa ngokuhlala kwindawo yokuhlala, umsebenzi okanye igama likayise.

Abafazi baseJapan kwi-Middle Ages kaninzi babengenalo amagama: babekholelwa ukuba abayidingi nantoni na, kuba bebengayindlalifa. Amagama amantombazana avela kwiintsapho ezithembekileyo zihlala ziphelile "ngesiheme" (oku kuthetha "umthetheli"). Abafazi bamaSamamu babegqoke amagama agqiba "koothixo". Ngokuqhelekileyo beza kuthiwa yiyunithi kunye nenqanaba lomyeni wakhe. Kodwa amagama omntu, kwaye ngoko, kwaye ngoku asetyenziswa kuphela ekunxibelelaneni okufutshane. Iimonki zaseJapan kunye neendwendwe ezivela kwiindawo ezintle ziphethe amagama aphelela "kwi".

Emva kokufa, umntu ngamnye waseJapan ufumana igama elitsha (libizwa ngokuthi "kaimyo"). Ibhaliswe kwi-tablet ebizwa ngokuthi "ikhai". Ithebhulethi enegama eligqithisiweyo lisetyenziselwa isiko lokungcwaba kunye nomngcwabo, kuba kuthathwa njengokwenziwa komoya womntu ofileyo. Abantu badla ngoxa bephila babo bafumana i-kaimyo kunye nekhayi evela kwiimonki zaseBuddhist. Kwiimbono zeJapane, ukufa akuyona into embi, kodwa, kunoko, enye yezigaba zendlela yomphefumlo ongafiyo.

Ukufunda okungaphezulu ngamagama kunye namaagama aseJapane, awukwazi ukufunda kuphela iziseko zeelwimi ngendlela ekhethekileyo, kodwa uqonde ngakumbi ifilosofi yala bantu.