Ixhoba - a ... lixhoba Rights. ISiqendu 42 soMthetho Code of weNkqubo yoLwaphulo

Ixhoba - umntu olixhoba-mthetho, ngenxa kwakhe ngokomzimba, umonakalo yokuziphatha, impahla. Kwakhona ibonakaliswa umbutho xa umonakalo isidima kunye zayo ezibonakalayo amaxabiso izenzo kabi esinye isifundo. Cinga phambili amalungelo asisiseko kwixhoba.

Overview

Ngenxa yokuba kumphakamo lwemithetho esiqingqiweyo ukucangca nyulu, ukuqonda ukuba ulwaphulo kunye yokuba akukho ukwenzakalisa kwisifundo esithile, ungakwazi inkundla kuphela. Ukuze benze oku, ityala ingqwalaselwa ngokobunjani bayo newayini umhlaseli abonakale. Oku kulandela ukuba yokuba umonakalo kumxholo ethile bangene force ngesigqibo afanelekileyo ithathwa ukuba isenokuba yingcinga. Kule nkalo, ixhoba le-Code Criminal ithathwa njengokuba kwicala nkqubo, nto leyo eye amathuba athile zomthetho kunye noxanduva. Kuba iyimfuneko ukuthatha inxaxheba ngempumelelo kwiingxoxo. Noko ke, ixhoba entendelezweni owaziwa ngolo hlobo kuphela ukukhusela izilangazelelo zalo kwiingxoxo.

ukulimala Personal

Ziziphi izizathu ezifunekayo ukwenzela ukuba ngummi wenza nje lixhoba? RF uthathwa urhulumente esemthethweni lwentando yesininzi. Ngako oko, kukho imithetho ukukhusela umdla abemi, kuquka amaxhoba olwaphulo-mthetho. Kuba ukuqondwa wamaxhoba izifundo ziya kwaziswa malunga non-pecuniary, izinto okanye onzakaliswe emzimbeni kumntu okanye umonakalo kwimpahla ezibambekayo okanye igama ishishini lombutho. Ngokuhambelana ne Art. 1058 of the Code Civil, xa kuthe yokwenzakala okanye enye imbuyekezo umonakalo kwimpilo kuxhomekeke ingeniso (umvuzo), walahlekelwa ngummi, akaba ngokuqinisekileyo bafumane wakha. Ukongeza, kubuyiselwa iindleko ezongezelelweyo ezenziwe kwixhoba. Oku, ingakumbi, iindleko ukutya, unyango, ukuthenga amayeza, unonophelo lokonga, busebenzisa, kuthengwe izixhobo ezizodwa zobugcisa, uqeqesho, ukuba uzimisele ukuba ngummi kufuneka kubo kwaye awukwazi ukufumana kubo simahla.

nomonakalo kwipropati

Ixhoba ummi okanye umbutho abathwaxwa umonakalo eziphathekayo. Ngokuphathelele loo sphere impahla umonakalo ubomi kunye nomsebenzi. Oku kuvela nje ngenxa ukuhluthwa subject amaxabiso ezithile eziphathekayo, imali, ubutyebi, njalo njalo, ukuncitshiswa lwabo umonakalo, intshabalalo. Umonakalo kwempahla nazo zibandakanywe iindleko ekungenwe kuzo umntu okanye umbutho ukuze kubuyiselwe izilangazelelo zabo, kuquka ingeniso, abangancedekanga sele ifunyenwe ngokunxulumene owayeze kakuhle.

umonakalo Non-eyimali

Oku kuquka ukuhlupheka ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwasengqondweni owenzeke umntu ngenxa zolwaphulo zinyhasha yayo iinzuzo ezingaphathekiyo ezivela kuye ukusuka ekuzalweni. Ezi ziquka, ingakumbi, ziquka impilo, ubomi, isidima, isidima nodumo lomntu. umonakalo Non-pecuniary zisenokuvela nanini na impazamo impahla kunye namalungelo awodwa. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ixhoba - ayikho kuphela wesizwe, kodwa lo mbutho. Lwentengiso phezu kwishishini inokubangela umonakalo igama layo ishishini. Libekwe phantsi ukuthembeka ekhoyo kwezoqoqosho njengelungu ubudlelwane soshishino, sibenze. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukukhuselwa igama korhulumente ngummi, uyasebenza yi mfanekiso imithetho elungiselelwe imibutho.

ifuthe

Eneneni Legal, omele isiseko, phambi kwayo kobudlelane inkqubo yolwaphulo engena ixhoba - nto ebangela ukuba imbi ngolo hlobo, kwaye isigqibo ukuba unikeze ummi okanye umbutho status efanelekileyo. Wacel sisigqibo umtshutshisi, umphandi / umcuphi. Kwakhona, isigqibo esifanelekileyo siya kwenziwa yinkundla. Umqalisi isenokuba nokuba ixhoba okanye izifundo utshilo.

emithethweni

In Art. 52 loMgaqo-siseko ithi ukuba amalungelo amaxhoba akhuselwe ngumthetho. Urhulumente iqinisekisa amaxhoba ufikelelo njongo, iinkqubo uqondakalayo imizimba abagunyazisiweyo. Ixhoba - umntu iyazikhusela zabo kule nkqubo. Kulo mba, yena akenzi kuphela njengomthombo kwesiseko ubungqina. Okokuqala wonke urhulumente ufuna ngaloo ukubuyisela nokukhusela umdla amaxhoba.

amathuba

Lo mthetho umisela uluhlu abadlali inxaxheba kwiingxoxo zolwaphulo-mthetho, ubume zabo zomthetho. IMigangatho ezichazwe ngenxa yamathuba zomthetho kubo. Bobabini ixhoba kunye nengqina kunye umrhanelwa, kunye namanye amaqela. Njengokuba iqela owenzakeleyo, iinketho zakhe zomthetho ichazwa Art. 42 kwinxalenye yesibini. Ngokutsho liyana, ixhoba unelungelo:

1. Yiba nolwazi izityholo ezazityatyekwa umrhanelwa ukuze angqine, ubungqina.
2. Inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yophando yenziwa ngokwesicelo sakhe okanye isicelo zommeli. Kuba baqonda ukuba eli lungelo kufuneka imvume evela umqeshwa ogunyazisiweyo.
3. Ukuze ukudwelisa inkcaso nezibongozo.
4. Ukufumana izinto yenkqubo kwaye wenze izimvo kuwo. Ezi ziquka iirekhodi izenzo bokuphanda Zenziwe inxaxheba wakhe, isigqibo ukubeka uhlolo kunye izigqibo zabo (ukuba le nkqubo kwenzelwa nexhoba okanye isicelo ibhekiswe kuye).
5. Emva kokugqitywa uphando lokuqala simazi kakuhle izinto kunjalo, yenza iikopi ze ubhale idatha ikuyo nayiphi na umthamo.
6. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiingxoxo kwi amagunya yokuqala, yesibini, okugada.
7. Zifumana iikopi zeesetyhula izigqibo ingqalelo ube lixhoba, kukumisela okanye abavumi ukwenza oko, siyeke imveliso, umgwebo, isigqibo.
8. Ukuthetha kwingxoxo.
9. Hlola ulwazi Imizuzu yentlanganiso, ukuba bangenise izimvo kuyo.
10. Umngeni lokungasebenzi / izenzo entendelezo, umphandi, umtshutshisi, umcuphi.
11. Ukuze ukwazi izikhalazo zingeniswe, bazisa mzekelo, lokuphikisa kubo.

amanyathelo okhuseleko

Ukuthatha inxaxheba ixhoba kunokukhokelela intsongelo ukumlimaza okanye usapho lwakhe, nto leyo nzima kakhulu iingxoxo. Idla ngokuba ngenxa yeso sizathu ukuba amaxhoba abaninzi abavumi ukunika ubungqina, uyala ukuvela udliwano-ndlebe yi umphandi. Kulo mba, lo mthetho inika uluhlu amanyathelo ejoliswe ukukhusela ubomi kunye nempilo izifundo kunye nezalamane zabo. Phakathi kwabo:

1. Ukugcina imfihlo lolwazi lobuqu malunga ixhoba.
2. Ukurekhoda nokwenza esweni thethwano.
3. Ethwele isazisi nokungasetyenziswa ithuba lokuqaphela olubonakalayo nexhoba yi umrhanelwa.
4. Izimvo ivaliwe.

Ukongeza koku, amanyathelo okhuseleko extra Kujongwe FZ №119. Ngokutsho kulo mmiselo, ingakumbi, inganikezelwa:

1. Ukukhuselwa kwezindlu, ipropati kunye nexhoba.
2. Nokukhutshwa izixhobo siqu, izixhobo zonxibelelwano, kunye nonxibelelwano ingozi.
3. Ukufuduselwa kwenye indawo yokuhlala.
4. amaxwebhu Guqula.
5. Ukutshintsha imbonakalo.
6. Kutshintshwe indawo yokufunda / umsebenzi / inkonzo.

zoviwo

Ixhoba - ngummi, hayi nje ukuba ithuba kodwa ke uxanduva lokuthatha inxaxheba kwiingxoxo. Oku kungenxa yokuba, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukhonza njengomthombo ubungqina. Ngoko ke unelungelo lokuba ngoyaba iminxeba umphandi kwaye ibe ukungqina. ixhoba Kungenjalo uya kuba phantsi actuator. Le ngemibuzo amaxhoba ezigcinwe imithetho wabazelelela amangqina. Izifundo kunganiki ngolwazi olububuxoki okanye ukwala ukunxibelelana ulwazi eyaziwa. Kuba aphikisana nale mimiselo unika uxanduva phantsi Art. 307 no 308 of Code Criminal. Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise le nkqubo, ingcaciso ngokuxhomekeke imisebenzi yakhe iinketho zomthetho. Ngokukodwa, ixhoba unalo ilungelo lokuba faka bona kunye neentsapho zabo. isangqa yokugqibela kuchazwe Inqaku lesi-5 (p. 4) loMthetho CPC. Ukuba ungummi uyavuma ukuba ukunika ulwazi eyaziwa kuye, yena ufanele ulumkiswe ukuba ulwazi kamva zisetyenziswe njengobungqina kwimeko, nokuba ukuba ke uthe akaliva kubo.

into ebaluleke

Ixhoba - ithatha inxaxheba kule nkqubo, kunye ukufikelela izinto ezininzi iingxoxo. Kulo mba, sinoxanduva ukugcina imfihlo ulwazi eyaziwa kuye. Kwimeko ukuxelwa kolwazi iza uxanduva phantsi article 310. Malunga imfuneko yokulondoloza imfihlo idatha kufuneka alumkise umphandi, umtshutshisi okanye umphandi.

Indima ixhoba kule nkqubo

Ixhoba - oko sesinye sezifundo ezingundoqo yeengxoxo. ukubaluleka kwalo kwinkqubo inxaxheba yenziwa ubungqina. Ukomeleza indima ixhoba kule njengotshaba abucala-wonke kunye noluntu wabonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba inganempembelelo kwisigqibo kwifom kweenkqubo. Oku kungenxa yokuba kukho imfuneko yomthetho ukuze afumane imvume ixhoba ukuba wazama ngendlela ekhethekileyo.

isimo Okukodwa

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isikhundla ngokwasemthethweni ixhoba ngeendlela ezininzi ezifana ubungqina. Esi sikhundla ingqinwa linani izithethe i-Criminal Procedure Code of ngomhla yangoku. Umzekelo, kwimizobo. 246 (Icandelo 7) ubonelela kokukhatywa yomtshutshisi intlawulo ngokuchasene kwetyala. Oku akubonisi mandatory becela lixhoba uluvo lwakhe ngalo. Lo mthetho akuthethi ukuba angasamkela eso ithuba lokuthabatha inxaxheba ekuqulunqweni iintlawulo, ukuvakalisa inkcaso ukunciphisa yayo. Ngokutsho kweengcali, amagunya efihlakeleyo enxulumene isiphelo ngokwasemthethweni mzekelo, ixhoba kufuneka zinikwe kuzo zonke izigaba, hayi nje kuphela kwinkqubo leenkqubo ngqo.

Umba imbuyiselo ngenxa yomonakalo

Yena zibaluleke kakhulu ngexesha leenkqubo. Standards, kungenzeka ukuba ibango umonakalo odalwe uhlaselo, kwakunye neendleko ezinxulumene inxaxheba kuphando kunye nenkundla inkqubo, kubandakanywa ummeli kweendleko. Phantsi izibonelelo kulo mzekelo, kuyaqondakala uncedo lwemali kwi sifundo abachaphazelekayo kurhulumente, xa ulufumana umoni kunokwenzeka ayikho. Ngenxa yoku, kwasekwa ingxowa-mali ekhethekileyo lemali. Noko ke, simele siqonde ukuba ngeli xesha lakalokunje, esi sixhobo asikusebenzeli. Umthetho eyayivele linike izinga apho umonakalo obangelwe ulwaphulo-ngumnini propati ziya imbuyekezo ngeendleko mali karhulumente kunye nokufunyanwa agcina ukusuka unetyala. FZ of 24.06.1994 uye imisiwe wesenzo. Xa GC yangoku namhlanje eli lungiselelo angekhoyo. Nangona kunjalo, i-Code of weNkqubo yoLwaphulo ubonelela singakwazi ukwenza amaxhoba ibango lembambano kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho. Kokuba imisiwe kwiNqaku 44.