Yintoni ukufunda geography kwezoqoqosho, geography ngokwasemzimbeni kunye noqoqosho lwengingqi? Undincinayo kwendawo yezentlalo noqoqosho eRashiya ihlabathi?

Ngoko ke lowo ukufunda geography kwezoqoqosho ehlabathini neRashiya? Yintoni na umbandela kwizifundo landscape? Yintoni efunda geography kwezoqoqosho kunye noqoqosho lwengingqi?

Imvelaphi isayensi

Xa kwakukho geography? Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo ayikho lula. Mhlawumbi yena wazalwa ngexesha xa umntu yamandulo warhola ilitye elibukhali kuqala eludongeni emqolombeni yakhe ukuzoba indawo abangekaphuhli ezingqonge indawo yokuhlala ngqo.

Kwiphulo lokuqala yenzululwazi lwaqhutywa yi ngamaYiputa amandulo malunga 5000 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Bona banomdla isitya kuLwandle Olubomvu kunye neendawo central eAfrika. Bona nekhalenda yeza ukuze kube lula ukuba esweni izikhukula imilambo kunye nezinye ngezimanga zendalo.

A ingxenye enkulu kumabakala okuqala nasekuphuhliseni inzululwazi ngokwezelizwe intsukaphi kumaxesha amandulo. Eratosthenes, uStrabo, Klavdiy Ptolemey - zonke ezi izazinzulu ziye zenza igalelo elikhulu kuyo. Imibhalo Aristotle wazibeka iziseko meteorology mihla eliJongene. Hi ndlela leyi, ebizwa ngokuba yi-ithuba zamaGrike imbali, iimpawu zokuqala ukwahlulwa kwesayensi elidityanisiweyo lwesifundo.

Ubume nenzululwazi eendawo mihla

eminyaka emihlanu okanye emithandathu edlulileyo, amazwe aphambili ehlabathini kunye inkanuko ibonwe oluqhubekayo amazwe kumazwe amatsha. Ngako oko, eli yejografi ngelo xesha lancitshiswa omnye kuphela: isifundo ngenyameko nemimandla esandula yafunyanwa kwaye kuvule iindlela ezintsha imigama elizayo zobuntlola.

Kodwa namhlanje, bonke ehlukene kakhulu. geography Modern - inzululwazi ukuba uchitha ixesha elininzi kwi systematization ulwazi izibakala eziveliswa zemvelo kunye nabakhenkethi ngexesha kwiinkulungwane zangaphambili. Ezama ukubona iipatheni ukuba kusebenza kwiimviwo zombini zendalo kwakunye neenkqubo yezentlalo noqoqosho kunye nezimo.

Geography namhlanje lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe ngamasebe ezinkulu ezintathu. Zezi:

• ngokomzimba;
• ezoqoqosho;
• geography lwentlalo.

Imimandla ezimbini zokugqibela yobungcali amathuba amaninzi zidityaniswa ibe obizwa "geography yezentlalo kunye noqoqosho."

Phakathi ngalinye kula macandelo kusekho inani lwamacandelo zenzululwazi. Ngokomzekelo, njengoko inxalenye yejografi bodwa lobungakananai ngokwasemzimbeni, climatology, kubume, lomhlathi, njalo njalo. D. loLuntu kunye geography kwezoqoqosho yahlulwe kwezopolitiko, zonyango, emkhosini, geography yenkcubeko, ubuso ezidolophini, ngendawo kunye nezinye iinkalo.

Yintoni efunda geography yezoqoqosho? Ziziphi iinjongo eziphambili kunye neenjongo zalo isayensi? Makhe zama ukuphendula le mibuzo ingezantsi.

Yintoni efunda geography yezoqoqosho?

Le uqeqesho lwenzululwazi ifundwa namhlanje kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, iikholeji, izikolo zobugcisa kunye neeyunivesithi. Yintoni umongo wayo? Oko esifunda ngabo?

geography Economic (okanye uluntu) - kukho uqeqesho kwesayensi ukuba ufunda umbutho lwendawo ubomi kwezoqoqosho oluntu, elo lizwe, kummandla, umhlaba uphela. Eyona into izifundo zakhe - iinkqubo ekuthiwa-sobummandla kunye nezoqoqosho.

Oko esifunda kwendawo kwezoqoqosho ngakumbi ethile? Isifundo yale inzululwazi okhonza isifundo iintlobo ngeentlobo zoqoqosho kwilizwe elithile okanye ummandla, fumana iimpawu ezifanayo kunye ezahlukeneyo kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo, ukuchongwa lweepateni ebalulekileyo ukwabiwa yemveliso lwentlalo.

geography kwezoqoqosho Modern kudala ezininzi iingxaki ithiyori kwaye aluncedo loyilo izisombululo inkinga iinkqubo sobummandla kunye noqoqosho ukuya kuqeqesho lweengcali - zokuma kwezoqoqosho. Kuphando kwezoqoqosho-geographical isebenzisa uluhlu olubanzi ngeendlela zobunzululwazi: Imali,, "entsimini" statistical, athelekisekayo oluchazayo, yembali, zokuzoba, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Oko ufunda geography lwentlalo kunye noqoqosho lwengingqi?

Ukuba kwendawo kwezoqoqosho lijongana ekufundweni kwezoqoqosho, kwezentlalo, ngokulandelelana, liphonononga uluntu (abantu). Yamanani, imfundo kunye namayeza, ukwakhiwa yobuhlanga yabantu, ungquzulwano zasekuhlaleni kunye inqanaba lophuhliso nenkcubeko - konke oku kuza kuluhlu olubanzi lweenjongo olu qeqesho zenzululwazi.

Mhlawumbi kwendawo engundoqo zentlalo msebenzi kukuqinisekisa ukuba iimpawu ukufundiswa koluntu lomntu, ngokunjalo uvavanyo isantya wophuhliso ngokubanzi. Ngaloo ndlela isayensi nje ukufuna iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zentlalo ezenzeka kwiinkqubo zentlalo yengingqi, kodwa uzama ukuphuhlisa algorithm nokwandisa kubo.

uqoqosho lwengingqi - olunye uqeqesho leyo ngokusondeleyo ukuya geography kwezoqoqosho nezentlalo. Noko ke, oko kuthetha inkqubo ngoqoqosho ehlambulukileyo. kuqoqosho lwengingqi uhlola umbutho wengingqi kwimveliso. umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukuba ukuchonga ingakumbi kwimimandla ethile kwezoqoqosho, kwakunye nokuphuhliswa iinkqubo ezisebenzayo kuphuhliso lwabo kwixesha elizayo.

Undincinayo kwendawo yezentlalo noqoqosho ehlabathini eRashiya?

Umahluko phakathi kwendawo lwentlalo kunye noqoqosho lwehlabathi, naseRashiya Kucacile. Kwimeko isifundo sokuqala ihlola lwamabala ubomi kwezoqoqosho kwisikeyile langa, ngoxa owesibini sele efunda iinkqubo indawo yezoqoqosho ngaphakathi kwelinye ilizwe.

Oko esifunda kwendawo kwezoqoqosho Russia? Le ngqeqesho ivula umfanekiso ngokubanzi sophuhliso lwezoqoqosho ngaphakathi kurhulumente, kukunceda ukuba uqonde ukufakwa kwimveliso engundoqo, liphonononga imithetho yophuhliso loqoqosho lwesizwe lilonke kwimimandla ngamnye.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, amaziko ibaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso yejografi lwezentlalo nelozoqoqosho USA (Clark University e Massachusetts), i-UK (University of Oxford) kunye Russia (eMoscow State University. Lomonosov).

Geography komzimba Landscape

geography Physical lijongana isifundo emvulophini eendawo planethi xa iyonke, ngokunjalo isifundo yeencindi ngamnye. Kule nkalo, yahlulelwe kwii iinkalo eziliqela lwenzululwazi ezizimeleyo, kubandakanywa:

• climatology;
• meteorology;
• zokwakheka komhlaba;
• zamanzi;
• eliJongene;
• paleogeography;
• biogeography et al.

Thile bahluke landscape inzululwazi - isayensi lifunda yeGenesis, isakhiwo, ukusebenza kunye nokuphuhliswa izakhiwo zendalo (nobume bomhlaba). Igama uqeqesho livela kwigama yaseJamani Landschaft, bona bubonakala "ububanzi", "uhlobo elimi ngayo." isiseko Landscape inzululwazi sabekwa imisebenzi zezazinzulu isiJamani - Carl Ritter kunye Aleksandra Gumboldta.

Hi ndlela leyi, le "maleko" of Sciences Geographic yi kakhulu ngokusondeleyo ukuya nezinye izifundo zesayensi zenzululwazi zendalo - physics, chemistry, ibhayoloji, imvelo kunye nenzululwazi lomhlaba.