I-Diaskintest enye enye ye-Mantoux. Iimpembelelo ezingasemva kunye neempendulo

Ukugonywa yinkqubo ebangela abazali abaninzi imibuzo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka uhlale ucinga malunga nokuxilongwa kwezifo ezithile. Umzekelo, isifo sofuba. Ngoku kutshanje, ukuze bafumane esi sifo kubantu, benza ukuphendula kukaMantoux. Le ndlela iqhelekileyo kubantwana. Kodwa ngowama-2016 eRussia kukho enye indlela eya eMantoux. Kubizwa ngokuba yi-Diaskintest. Yintoni na? Kufana njani ukuxilongwa okulungileyo? Ngaba zikhona iziphumo ezibi? Yonke le micimbi ixhalabele kakhulu ngabazali. Emva koko konke, ukuveliswa kwimihlaba yezokwelapha, ingakumbi ezo ezihlobene nokugonya okanye iinjenki, azibonakali ngendlela engcono. Kuhlala kusemngciphekweni ukuba le ndlela ayiyi kuba yona ichanekileyo. Yingakho kufuneka ufunde ngokubanzi malunga ne-Diaskintest.

Inkcazelo

Isinyathelo sokuqala kukuqonda oko kusemgangathweni. Uvavanyo lwe-Diaskin luyehlukile kuMantoux. Yintoni le nkqubo yokumisela isifo sofuba kubantu? Qondisisa intsingiselo yejoyi phambi kokuba uyibeke.

I-Diaskintest ayikho inoculation, njengabantu abaninzi bacinga. Le ndlela yindlela entsha yokuxilonga isifo sofuba, esithatha indawo ye-Mantou yokusabela, esebenzayo eRashiya iminyaka engaphezu kwe-100. Indlela yokuhlawula ngokukhawuleza kwintonga kaKoch kwiindawo ezisebenzayo okanye ezihambelanayo zivumela, njengokuba oogqirha bathi, phantse amathuba angama-100 okubonisa ukuba khona kwesi sifo kubantu.

Isenzo

I-Alternative Mantou yanamhlanje yabantwana isebenza njani? Ingongoma kukuba isenzo se-Diaskintest sisekelwe kumsebenzi weeprotheni zesifo sofuba nesistim somzimba somntu.

Ngaphantsi kwesikhumba, isitofu sokutya esineeprotheyini ezivakalayo (ezibizwa ngokuba ngama-antigen) zilawulwa kumntu. Emva koko bajonge ukuphendula komzimba. Ukuba isiphumo siphumelele, kuthetha ukuba ukukhuselwa komzimba kuyaqhelana nesifo sofuba. Ngenxa yoko, eso sifo senziwa. Kodwa kwisigaba esisebenzayo okanye esisigxina - asiyazi.

Njani

Enye indlela ekhoyo namhlanje ukuya eMantoux yenziwa ngohlobo olufanayo kunye novavanyo lwangaphambili lwesifo sofuba. Kuphela, njengoko oogqirha nabazali baqinisekisa, i-Diaskintest ineempawu ezahlukileyo. Banciphisa imiphumo emibi ye "ugonyo".

Into into yokuba igonyo ijojowe phantsi kwesikhumba somntu. Egazini, eli chiza aliyi kufakwa. Yaye iyabavuyisa abazali abaninzi. Beka "ukuxhunyelelwa" kwisithuba esiphakathi kwesigqoko nesandla. Ngokuqhelekileyo udonga lufakwa kwisandla esingekho "esisiseko". Oku kulungile-ngakwesobunxele, kwesokunxele-ngakwesokudla.

Ngaba kuyingozi?

Ehlabathini lanamhlanje, unokwahlula bonke abazali kwiindidi ezi-2: zokugonywa kunye nabo. Kukho namathandabuzo. Ngako oko, abaninzi bazama ukukhangela i-pros and cons cons in every injection efakwe kumntwana. Ukunye ukuhlolwa kweMantoux kubangela imibono edibeneyo.

Ingxaki ephambili apha yinto enobulungisa. Izitofu ezintsha kunye nezindlela ezingakhange zivivinywe ngamaxesha namava azikhombekanga kakhulu. Ngaba iDiaskintest okanye akunjalo? Wonke umzali makenze isigqibo ngokuzimela. Kodwa uMantoux eRussia ufuna ukususa ngokusemthethweni. Ngenxa yoko, bonke abazali ngaphambi kokuba "ugonywe" kufuneka bacinge ngamanye amaninzi ngemiphumo.

Kukho inani elincinci leempembelelo ezivela kwiDiaskintest, ezinqabile kakhulu. Ukongezelela, akubona bonke abantwana abanokuxhomekeka kule ndlela yokufuna isifo sofuba. Kuhlala kunokwenzeka ukufumana iindlela ezizezinye zokufumanisa esi sifo. Kodwa kwizikolo zikhuthaze ngokukhawuleza i-Diaskintest. Yintoni onokuyilindela kulo "ugonyo"?

Ukungqinelana

Okokuqala, kuyafaneleka ukufumanisa ukuba ngubani ongasayi kuphinda afundwe ukuxilongwa kwesifo sofuba. Emva koko, impendulo yomzimba iyakwazi ukuzisa iindidi zabantu zabantu iingxaki ezininzi. Kuze kubekho ukubonakala kwesifo sofuba kubantu abasempilweni.

Kubantu abangabikho kwi-Mantoux enye efundwayo (njengenguqulo "endala" yokuphendula), zibandakanya:

• Abemi abanezifo ezingapheliyo;
• Abantu abanokunciphisa umzimba;
• Ukugula kwakhona (isistim somzimba siphelile);
• Abo banokusabela kakubi kumayeza;
• Ubuninzi bezifo ezibi (kuquka i-hepatitis, i-poliomyelitis, i-stpile);
• Vuka e bushushu.

Ngako oko, zonke iimeko ezi ngasentla zichasene ngqo kwiimvavanyo. Kubalulekile okanye ukulinda ixesha elithile, okanye ukhethe ezinye iindlela zokufunda umzimba ngenxa yobunzima besifo sofuba kubantwana abadala. Yaye yintoni imiphumo emibi engenzeka "kwi-vaccinated"?

Amanyathelo

Ngoku kuyacaca ukuba uvavanyo lwe-Diaskin luyehlukile kuMantoux. Imiphumo emibi, njengoko oogqirha abaninzi baqinisekisa, ngoku kuphazamiseka kukunciphisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo ayenzi ndawo. Kodwa abantu kufuneka baqikelele nangona ziphumo ezingenakwenzeka.

Eyokuqala ngokuphathelele umphumo wesinye seDaaskintest kukubonakala kwendlela ephuma kuyo. Oku mhlawumbi imeko eqhelekileyo. Ulandelelwano olusuka emva kokungeniswa phantsi kwesikhumba sogonyo oluchanekileyo luhlala luhlala luhlala. Kwaye akufanele uloyike oku. Ukuphendula okuqhelekileyo. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa (ngamanye amaxesha ngeveki) umzila uya kulahlaka. Akayi kuzisa nantoni na.

Ukuvuvukala

Umphumo olandelayo wecala unokudideka kalula kunye nesiphumo sokuxilongwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimpawu zokuqala zokuphendula okulungileyo zivela kwiiyure ezingama-6 emva kweejoyi phantsi kwesikhumba. Kutheni ungesabi?

Ukunyakaza okulula. Ngokuqhelekileyo umbala obomvu, obunakubalabala, njengoMantoux. Ngokufanelekileyo, ngaphezu kokulandelwa kwesojojo, akufuneki kubekho neminye imiphumo emibi. Kodwa qwa lasela ukuba ukuvuvukala kwakha, kuyafaneleka. Into ephambili kukuba ayilona iipilisi okanye umbala wendawo yesikhumba kufuphi ne-injection site ayibizwwanga i-pinki. Ukuba iimpawu kunye nemiphumo ebonakalayo, yile yiphumo emihle yesifo sofuba.

Bruises

Elinye i-Mantoux ekhoyo yanamhlanje ifumana uluhlu lweempendulo. Abazali banakekele ingqalelo kwimiphumo emibi. Kuye kwathiwa ukuba uhlobo oluthile lokuxilongwa ngokuqhelekileyo alubangeli naluphi na ukuphazamiseka komzimba. Kodwa kukho ukungafani.

Isiqhelo, ukongeza kuzo zonke ezidweliswe ngaphambili, kubonakala kwincinci encinci kwindawo yokujola. Ubungakanani bayo bufikelela kumitha engama-2. Nangona uvala i-cyanotic okanye i-purple hue, ungakhathazeki. Oku kuphendulwa ngokuqhelekileyo komzimba, nangona ukwethusa. Emva koko, into ephambili kukuba umphumo wokuxilongwa awubonakali ukuba khona kwesifo sofuba. Emva koko sinokucinga ukuba umntwana unempilo eyi-100% kwaye akaqhelanga nesi sifo.

Ukungaqiniseki

Kufanelekile ukuthobela ingqalelo ukuba uvavanyo lwe-Diaskin (enye i-Mantoux) ifumana iimpendulo kubazali beentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ingxaki ebalulekileyo kukuba lolu hlobo lokuxilongwa kwesifo sofuba asihlolwanga ixesha. Kwaye abazali ababazi nje ukuba balindele ntoni emva kokusungulwa kwe "gonomi".

Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba ngamanye amaxesha isiphumo sinokuxoka. Oogqirha abaphiki ukuba emva kokusungulwa kwesilwanyana seDiskintest sikwazi ukubonisa umphumo ontle. Amatyala afanayo ayenzeka, axhoxisa abazali ukuba bangaphenduli ngendlela engcono yokutsha.

Xa kunokwenzeka ukuba ungathandabuzeki ukuba khona kwesifo sofuba? Ukuba kubomvu kubunjwa kwisayithi yejoyi okanye ipule. Musa ukwethuka. Kunele ukubonisana nogqirha ngcebiso, kunye nokwenza i-fluorography kunye nenani leengxelo ezongezelelweyo. I-Diaskintest ivumelekile ukuba iphinde iphindwe emva kweenyanga ezimbini emva kokuba "ugonyo" oluphambili. Oku akukona umphumo wecala, kodwa umzali ngamnye kufuneka azi malunga nale mpendulo yomzimba.

Ezinye iingxaki

I-Mantoux enye efundwayo yinto enjengomnye umjovo, ukungenelela emzimbeni womntu. Ngako oko, oku okanye ukuphendulwa kwiprotheyini esetyenzisiweyo ayifakiwe. Kuye kwathiwa ukuba i-Diaskintest ayikho into ebonisa ukuba kukho imiphumo emibi okanye nayiphina imiphumo emibi. Musa ukulawula izidakamizwa ezifanelekileyo kubantu abane-immunity. Oku kunokukhokelela ekusulelekeni. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuhlawula ingqalelo engakumbi kwiingqinisiso.

Ziziphi ezinye iimeko ezinokuqwalaselwa eziqhelekileyo emva kokuba umntwana enikwe enye indlela yokuphendula ngayo iMantoux? Akukho zibonakaliso ezininzi ezinjalo. Ezi ziquka ezi zilandelayo:

1. Ukwanda kweqondo lokushisa. Esi sisabela ngokuqhelekileyo malunga nayiphi na injection. Ngokuqhelekileyo, akudingeki ukuba unqabise ukushisa komntwana okanye umntu omdala. Ubunzima bokunyuka okuqinileyo kubushushu bomzimba buphantsi. Kodwa ukuba oko kwenzeka, i-Diaskintest ephindaphindiweyo ayikhuthazwayo. Iqondo lokushisa ekufuneka libaleke ukuphindaphinda le nkqubo li malunga ne-38-38.5 degrees Celsius. Ukuba ihlala ixesha elide, kuya kuba yinto echasene ngqo yokuxilongwa kwixesha elizayo.
2. Jikelele. Kwakhona inqaku elifanayo lokuphuhliswa kweziganeko. Akunjalo kuphela okunye okunye okunye okuya kuMantoux okubandakanya umphumo ofanayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubuthathaka buhamba emva kweeyure ezimbalwa. Musa ukuyilayisha kwaye unxinze umntwana. Ukuba emva kokuba "ugonyo" lubuthathaka, ngoko kufuneka umvumele aphumle kancane.
3. Intloko. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantwana bayakhalaza ukuba emva koDiskintest baneentloko. Lo mzekelo akufanele ukwesabise abazali. Ngaloo ndlela umzimba uphendukela rhoqo ekuqalisweni kweprotheni. Njengazo zonke ezinye iziphumo, intloko ayifunanga naluphina unyango. Ukuba ikhula kwi-migraine okanye iphazamise ukusebenza komsebenzi oqhelekileyo, kufuneka uthabathe u-anesthetic. Ngaloo matyala kuya kubakho ukuqwalasela oogqirha kwiilisi ezilandelayo.

Konke oku, njengokuba oogqirha bathi, isenzo esifanelekileyo somzimba kwisilwanyana esijoyiweyo. Ngenxa yoko, eRashiya bafuna ukuyeka iMantoux. Uvavanyo oluthile, olubizwa ngokuba yi-Diaskintest, luba luninzi olubanzi.

Uphononongo

Iingxelo zibonisa ukuba akufanele ukwesaba ukuxilongwa. Kukho akukho miphumo echaphazelekayo, unokukwazi ukwenza i-Diaskintest ngokubanzi kubantwana nakubantu abadala abangenawo ukuchasana ngqo "kokugonywa".

Abazali abaninzi bayaphikiswa yinto yokuba ngamanye amaxesha ku vavanyo isiphumo esiphumelelayo siphumela. Inika ingxaki enkulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oogqirha bancomela kule meko ukwenza zombini i-Diaskintest ne-Mantoux ngezandla ezahlukeneyo.

Phakathi kweempembelelo zeendlela ezifanayo zokuxilonga isifo sofuba, kunokugqitywa ngakumbi ukuba abakuvumeli ukuba uthethe ngokuchanekileyo kwisigaba esi sifo. Ngoko ke, inani elongezelelweyo lwezifundo kwimeko yesiphumo esihle (nokuba yinyani) kuya kusadingeka kwenziwe. Yingakho abanye abazali bengavumi kwiindlela ezinjalo zokufumana isifo sofuba kwaye ukhethe ezinye iindlela zokukhetha.

Nangona kunjalo, kunokukhawuleza (kungekho ngaphezu kweentsuku ezi-3) kwaye ufumane iziphumo zeDiaskintest. Akuyimfuneko ukulahla loo nto ibangelwa ukuba akukho zichaso. Yindlela echanekileyo kwaye ekhawulezayo yokufumanisa isifo kuneMantoux.